Cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system

cardi\o: heart Cardioplegia Cardiothrombus Cardiodynia
Electrocardiography (ECG)-(EKG) A method of recording electrical currents traversing the heart muscle. Cardioplegia Cardiothrombus Cardiodynia Paralysis of the heart A clot of blood within the heart champers Pain in the heart

Cardiomalacia Cardiocele Cardiomegaly Cardiogenesis cardiohemothrombus
Softening of the walls of the heart Herination of the heart Enlargment of the heart Formation of the heart in the embryo clotting of blood within the heart

Electrocardiophonogram
Kinetocardiogram Electrocardiophonogram Electrocardiophonography A graphic recording of vibrations of the chest wall produced by cardiac activity the record obtained by electrocardiography Metod of electrically recording the heart sounds

Tachycardia Bradycardia cardioomentopexy
Rapid beating of the heart, conventionally applied to rates over 90 beats per minute Slowness of the heartbeat, usually defined (by convention) as a rate under 50 beats/minute Operation for the attachment of omentum to the heart with the object of improving its blood supply

Cardiorrhexis Cardioneural Cardiomyoplasty cardiomyopathy
Rupture of the heart wall Relating to the nervous control of the heart Surgical repair in the muscle of the heart Disease of the myocardium

Cardiometry Cardiorrhaphy cardiomyotomy
Measurement of the dimensions of the heart or the force of its action. Suture of the heart wall Incision of the muscle of the heart

Endocardi\o: Endocardiac Endocarditis endocardiography Endocardium
Related to endocardium Inflamation of endocardium Electrocardiography with the exploring electrode within the chambers of the heart

Myocardi /o myocardium
Pertaining to the muscular tissue of the heart Suture of the myocardium Inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart Myocardial Myocardiorrhaphy Myocarditis

Epicardi\o: Epicardial Epicardiectomy Epicardium
Pertaining to epicardium Surgical removal of epicardium

Pericardi\o: Pericardiotomy Pericarditis pericardiology Pericardium
Incision into the pericardium Inflammation of pericardium The science or study of the pericardium, its physiology, and diseases

Pericardiectomy pericardiostomy
excision of a portion of the pericardium Establishment of an opening into the pericardium

atri\o: atrium atriomegaly Atriotomy Atrioventricular Atrioseptoplasty
atrioseptopexy Abnormal dilatation or enlargement of an atrium Surgical incision of an atrium Pertaining to an atrium and ventricle Surgical repair of the interatrial septum

Ventricul/o Ventricular Ventriculitis Ventriculometry Ventriculotomy
Pertaining to a ventricle Inflammation of a ventricle The measurment of the intraventricular pressure Incision of the ventricle of the heart for repair of cardiac defect

Valv/o,valvul/o valve Valvulitis Valvoplasty Valvotomy valvulotome
Inflammation of the valve Surgical reconstruction of a deformed cardiac valve for the relief of stenosis or in competence Incision of the valvular structure An instrument for sectioning a valve

Angi\o: vessel Angiectesia angiectopia Angiitis angioblast
Dilation of the lymphatic or blood vessel Abnormal location of the blood vessel Inflammation of a blood vessel (arteritis, phlebitis) or lymphatic vessel (lymphangitis) A cell take part in blood vessel formation

Angiocardiopathy Angiodysplasia Angiodystrophy angiofibrosis
Disease affecting both the heart and the blood vessels. Degenerative or congenital structural abnormality of the normally distributed vasculature. Defective formation or growth associated with marked vascular changes Fibrosis of the walls of the blood vessel

Angioma Angiography Angiopathy angiomyopathy
A tumor resulting from prolifration of the blood vessel Radiography of vessels after the injection of a radiopaque contrast material any disease of the blood and lymphatic vessel Any disease of blood vessels involving the muscular layer

Angiodermatitis Angiocarditis Inflammation of the vessels of the skin
Inflammation of the heart and blood vessel

Vas/o blood vessel Vasoactive Vasodepression Vasodhlation vasography
Influencing the caliber of the blood vessel Reduction of tone in blood vessel with vasodilation and resulting in lowered blood pressure Widening of the lumen of blood vessels Radiography of the vas defrens

Vasopressore Vasomotor vasomotion
Stimulating contraction of the muscular tissue of the arteries Affecting the caliber of a blood vessel Change in the caliber of blood veins

Vascul\o: Cardiovasculorenal Vasculogenesis vascular A blood vessel
Relating to heart,arteries and kidney Formation of the vascular system Pertaining to vessel Vascul\o: Cardiovasculorenal Vasculogenesis vascular

Vasculitis Vasculopathy Vasculolymphatic Inflammation of a vessel
Any diseases of the blood vessel Pertaining to blood or lymph vessel

Aort\o: aorta Aortitis Aortography Aortopathy aortotomy
Inflammation of aorta Radiography of the aorta after introduction into it of a contrast material Any disease of the aorta Incision of the aorta

Aortorrhaphy Aortoptosia Suture of the aorta
A sinking down of the abdominal aorta in splanchnoptosia

Artr/o,arteri/o vessel duct
Arteriosclerosis Arteriology Arteriomalacia Arteriometer arteriorrhaphy Hardening of the arteries with loss of capacity and loss of elasticity Study of the arteries Abnormal softness of the arterial coats An apparatus used for measuring any changes in the caliber of a palsating artery Suture of an artery

Arteriopathy Arteriplasty Arteriomyomatosis Arteriospasm
arteriosteogenesis Any arterial disease Surgical repair or reconstruction of an artery A growth of irregular muscular fibers in the wall of an artery Spasm an artery Calcification of an artery

Ven/o Vein Venovenostomy Arteriovenous(AV)aneurism
Ductus Venosus arantii The formation of an anastomosis between two veins A dilated arteriovenous shunt congenital Obsolete term for ductus venosus

Paravenous Pyelovenous Venoclysis venotomy Adjacent to a vain
Denoting the phenomenon of drainage from the renal pelvis into the renal veins from increased intrapelvic pressure Incision into the vein venotomist: a person who cut the vein

Venogram Venisuture venirrhaphy Radiograph of the opacified veins

Venusangioma Intravenus injection
Vascular anomaly composed of anomalus vein Injecetion into the vein

Phleb/o vein Phlebotomy Phlebolith Phleborraphy phlebosclerosis
Cut into the vein Vein stone Phlebolithiasis :the formation of vein stone Suture of the vein Fibrous hardening of the walls of the vein

Arteriol/o small artery
arteriolopathy arteriolosclerosis Any disease of arteriole Thickening of walls of arterioles

Venul\o: Venulitis Venular Blood vessel Inflamation of venules
Related to venuls

Coron\o: Coronitis Inflemation of coronary vessels

Varic/o varix,swelling
Ovarian varicocele Varication varicocele A varicose condition of the pampini form plexus in the broad ligament of the uterus The formation of a varix Varicosity of the pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord , forming a scarotal swelling that feels like a bag of warm

varicography varicophlebitis X_ray visualization of varicose veins
Varicose vein with inflammation

Sphygm/o pulse Sphygmography Sphygmometer sphygmoscopy
sphygmotonometer The production of puls tracingwith the sphygmograph An instrument for measuring the force and frequency of the pulse Examination of the pulse An instrument for measuring the elesticity of the arterial walls

Hem/o Hemachrome Hemagogic Hemangio hematherapy Blood
The coloring matter of the blood, hemoglobin or hematin Promoting a flow of blood The blood vessels Treatment of disease by the use of blood or blood derivatives

Hemat/o: Hematocele Hematocephaly Hematopathy Blood
Effusion of blood into a canal or a cavity of the body Intracranial effusion of blood, commonly in a fetus Disease of the blood

Hematoporphyrin A dark red, almost purple, porphyrin resulting from the decomposition of hemoglobin

Sangui/o: Sanguifacient Sanguineous Blood formation of blood cells
Relating to blood

-emia Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia anemia Blood condition
An abnormally high concentration of glucose in the circulating blood Elevated levels of lipids in the blood plasma Any condition in which the number of red blood cells are less than normal

Hydremia Uremia ischemia
A blood disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood In patients with renal failure,the intaxication caused by body’s accumulation of metabolic products excreted by kidneys Local loss of blood supply due to mechanical obstruction mainly arterial narrowing or disruption of the blood vessel

lymph\o: Lymphaden Lymphadenectomy Lymphadenitis Lymphadenocele Lymph
A lymph node Surgical excision one or more lymph nodes Inflammation of lymph nodes A cyst of alymph node

Lymphagogue lymphadenopathy Lymphangiotomy Lymphangitis lymphocyte
An agent that promotes production of lymph Disease of the lymph nodes Incision into a lymphatic vessel Inflammation of lymphatic vessel One type of WBC

Lymphocytopenia Lymphocytopoiesis Lymphocytorrhexis
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the blood The development of lymphocytes The rupturing or bursting of lymphocytes

Alymphia Hydrolymph Alymphoplasia lymphangitis
Absence or deficiancy of lymph The circulating fluid in many of the invertebrates Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels

chyl/o lymph Chyluria Achylia Chylemia cytochylema
The passage of chyle in the urine; a form of albiduria Absence of gastric juice or other digestive secretions. The presence of chyle in the circulating blood The more fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Splen/o spleen Splenalgia Splenopexy Splenectopia splenoprotography
A rarely used term for a painful condition of the spleen Suturing in place an ectopic or floating spleen Displacement of the spleen, as in a floating spleen. Introduction of radiopaque material into the spleen to obtain radiographic visualization of the splenic and main portal veins of the portal circulation

Lien\o: Lienal Lienectomy Lienorenal spleen Related to spleen
Surgical removal of the spleen Pertaining to kidney and spleen

Thym\o: Thymectomy Thymelcosis Thymitis thymocyte Thymus
Surgical removal of thymus Obsolete term for suppuration of the thymus gland Inflammation of the thymus gland A cell that develops in the thymus

Tonsill\o: Tonsillitis Tonsillectomy Tonsillolith tonsillopathy Tonsil
Inflammation of tonsil Surgical removal of tonsil A calcareous concretion in a distended tonsillar crypt Disease of the tonsil

Tonsillotomy Incision of a tonsil

Myelo Myeloblast Myeloblastemia Myelofibrosis Myeloma myelophthisis
A combining form denoting relationship to marrow to the spinalcord or to the myelin An immature cell found in bone marrow Pesence of myeloblasts in the blood Replacement of the bone marrow by fibrous tissue A tumor composed of cells of the type normally found in the bone marrow Reduction of the cell-forming functions of the bone marrrow Myelo Myeloblast Myeloblastemia Myelofibrosis Myeloma myelophthisis

Erythr/o Erythroblastemia Erythrocyte erythroblastosis Red
The presence of nucleated red cells in the peripheral blood A mature red blood cell The presence of erythroblasts in considerable numbers in the blood

Protoerythrocyte Proerythrocyte erythrocytic A primitive erythroblast
The precursor of an erythrocyte; an immature red blood cell with a nucleus Pertaining to an erythrocyte

Leuk/o: Leukobilin leukemia White
bile without the usual color resulting from bile pigments Progressive proliferation of abnormal leukocytes found in hemopoietic tissues

Leukocytosis An abnormally large number of leukocytes, as observed in acute infections, inflammation, hemorrhage, and other conditions.

Leukocyt/o Granular leukocyte
A type of cell formed in the myelopoietic, lymphoid, and reticular portions of the reticuloendothelial system any one of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, especially a neutrophilic leukocyte

Thromb\o: Thromboangiitis Thrombolysis thrombosis Blood clot
Inflammation of the intima of a blood vessel, with thrombosis Fluidifying or dissolving of a thrombus Formation or presence of a thrombus

Thrombopoiesis Thrombophlebitis
Precisely, the process of a clot forming in blood, but generally used with reference to the formation of blood platelets Venous inflammation with thrombus formation

thrombopathy A general term applied to disorders of blood platelets resulting in defective thromboplastin, without obvious change in the appearance or number of platelets

Thrombocyt\o: Thrombocytopathy thrombocytopoiesis
General term for any disorder of the coagulating mechanism that results from dysfunction of the blood platelets The process of formation of thrombocytes or platelets

Eosin\o: Eosinopenia Eosinotactic Eosinotaxis
The presence of eosinophils in an abnormally small number in the peripheral bloodstream Exerting a force of attraction or repulsion on eosinophil cells Movement of eosinophils with reference to a stimulus which attracts or repels them

Reticulocytopenia Reticulocytosis
Reticulocyt\o: A young red blood cell containing a basophilic cytoplasmic Reticulocytopenia Reticulocytosis Paucity of reticulocytes in the blood An increase in the number of circulating reticulocytes above the normal, which is less than 1% of the total number of red blood cells

Cyte Leucocyte Erythrocyte Myelocy Cell
A type of WBC(white blood cell) Red blood cell Bone marrow cell

Embole/o emboly Embolectomy Embolism Embolization
Surgical removal of an embolus from a blood vessel The sudden blocking of an artery by a clut or foreign material The process or conditon of becoming an embolus Embole/o emboly Embolectomy Embolism Embolization

Hyperchloremia An abnormally large amount of chloride ions in the circulating blood.

Sept\o: Septostomy atrioseptoplasty Septum
Surgical creation of a septal defect Surgical repair of an atrial septal defect

Steth\o: chest Stethoscope Stethoscopy
An instrument originally devised by Laennec for aid in hearing the respiratory and cardiac sounds in the chest Examination of the chest by means of auscultation, either mediate or immediate, and percussion.

Syst\o: systole; contraction of the heart
systolic murmur Systolometer Telesystolic a murmur heard during ventricular systole An apparatus for determining the force of the cardiac contraction Relating to the end of ventricular systole

Sten\o: narrowing aortic stenosis mitral stenosis tricuspid stenosis
pathologic narrowing of the aortic valve orifice pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve

Pector\o: Pectoralgia Pectoral Pain in the chest Relating to the chest

-rrhythmia: cardiac arrhythmia
any abnormality in the rate, regularity, or sequence of cardiac activation

Medical Terminology Gastrointestinal

Organ Medical term Mouth Esophagus Stomach Stomat/o,or/o Esophag/o
Teeth Tongue Lips Gums palate Esophagus Stomach Stomat/o,or/o Dent/o, Odont/o,Dent/i Gloss/o, Lingu/o, Cheil/o,labi/o Gingiv/o,Ul/o Palat/o,Uran/o Esophag/o Gastr/o

Organ Medical term Small intestine
Duodenum Jejunum ileum Large intestine(intestinum crassum,colon) Sigmoid colon Cecum(caecum) Enter/o Duoden/o Jejun/o ile/o Col/o,Colon/o Sigmoid/o Cec/o,typh/o

Organ medical term Cavities Rectum Anus Anus and rectum
Accessory organs Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Cavities Oral cavity abdomen Rect/o An/o Proct/o Hepat/o,Hepatic/o Cholecyst/o Pancreat/o Or/o Abdomin/o,lapar/o. celi/o

Stomat/itis: Inflammation of the mouth
Stomat/o = Mouth Stoma = mouth Stomat/itis: Inflammation of the mouth Stomat/o/plasty: Surgical repair of the mouth

Stomat/o/scopey: the process of examining with stomatoscope
Stomat/o/malacia:softening of the structures of the mouth Stomat/o/pathy: any disease of the mouth

Stomatalgia:pain in the mouth
Stomat/o/rrhagia:hemorrhage of the mouth Stomat/o/mycosis:condition of mouth fungus

Stomatitis

Oral: pertaining to the mouth
Or/o=mouth Oral: pertaining to the mouth or/o/pharyngeal :pertaining to the lower pharynx

Gloss/itis: Inflammation of the tongue
Gloss/o = Tongue Gloss/itis: Inflammation of the tongue Gloss/ectomy: Excision of the tongue Gloss/algia: Pain in the tongue

Gloss/al: Pertaining to the tongue
Gloss/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the tongue Gloss/o/scopy: Examination of the tongue

Gloss/o/plegia (n.): Paralysis of the tongue Ankyl/o/glossia:tongue-tied,extensive adhesion of the tongue to the palate Hypoglossal:under the tongue

Gloss/o/trichia: hairy tongue Gloss/o/palatinus Gloss/o/pharyngeal Gloss/o/rrhaphy:suture of the tongue

Lingu/al (adj.): Pertaining to the tongue
Lingu/o = Tongue Lingu/al (adj.): Pertaining to the tongue Sub/lingu/al or Hypo/gloss/al : Under the tongue

Cheil/itis: Inflammation of the lips
Cheil/o = Lips Cheil/itis: Inflammation of the lips Cheil/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the lips Cheil/o/tomy: Incision of the lips

Cheil/osis: Condition or disorder of the lips
Cheil/o/stomat/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the lips and mouth

Labi/o/graph:an instrument for recording lip motion in speaking
Labi/o=lip Labi/o/graph:an instrument for recording lip motion in speaking Labi/o/mental:pertaining to the lip and chain

Gingiv/al: Pertaining to the gums
Gingiv/o = Gums Gingiv/al: Pertaining to the gums Gingiv/itis: Inflammation of the gums Gingiv/algia: Gum pain

Gingiv/ectomy: Excision of gum tissue
Gingiv/o/gloss/itis: Inflammation of the gums and tongue Lingu/o/gingiv/al (adj.):of tongue and gums

Ul/o/rrhagia:bleeding of the gums Ul/o/tomy:incision of the gums
Ul/o=gum Ul/o/rrhagia:bleeding of the gums Ul/o/tomy:incision of the gums Ul/o/carcinoma:carcinoma of the gums

Dent/o,Odont/o,Dent/i=Tooth
Dent/o/facial:pertaining to the teeth and face Orthodontics:branch of dentistry concerned with correcting tooth irregularities Dent/i/frice:paste and powder for cleaning tooth

Palat/o,uran/o=palate
Uran/o/rrhaphy:suture of the palate Uran/o/schisis:cleft palate Palat/o /plasty:plastic reconstruction of the palate Palat/o/plegia:paralysis of the palate

Gnath/o/plasty:plastic surgery of jaw
Gnath/o=jaw Gnath/o/plasty:plastic surgery of jaw Gnathitis : inflammation of the jaw Gnathalgia : pain in the jaw

sial/o=saliva,salivary glands
Sial/o/graphy:a technique for x-ray examination of the salivary glands Sial/o/lith:a stone in a salivary gland or duct sial/o/angiitis: inflammation of salivary gland

Sublingual salivary gland Submandibular salivary gland Parotid gland

Esophag/o = Esophagus Eso- = Toward Phag/o = Swallow
Esophag/eal (adj.): Pertaining to esophagus Esophag/o/sten/osis: Narrowing of the esophagus

Esophag/o/gastr/ic: Pertaining to the esophagus and stomach
Gastr/o/esophag/eal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic heartburn and esophageal irritation caused by Reflux of stomach acid into an esophagus

Esophag/o/plasty:surgical repair of the esophagus
Esophagalgia:pain in the esophagus Esophagitis:inflammation of the esophagus

Esophageal varices: Swellen twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

Cardiac sphincter:opening from the esophagus to the stomach
Pyloric sphincter:opening of the stomach in to the duodenum Pyloric stenosis:narrowed condition of the pylorus

Stenosis (Pyloric Stenosis)

Gastr/o = Stomach Gastr/o/rrhagia: Stomach hemorrhage
Gastr/itis: Inflammation of the stomach Gastr/ic: Pertaining to the stomach Gastr/ectasia: Dilatation (stretching) of the stomach -ectasia = stretching or dilatation

Gastr/o/lavage:washing out stomach
Gastr/o/gavage:forced feeding into stomach Gastric ulcer:ulcer located in the stomach

Gastric resection: partial removal and repair of the stomach
Gastr/ectomy:surgical removal of the stomach Epigastric region:upper middle region below the sternum Hypo gastric regions:regins below the navel

Gastr/o/enter/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the stomach and small intestine
Gastr/o/enter/o/logy: Specialty that studies diseases of the stomach and intestine

Enter/o = Small intestine, Intestine
Enter/ic: Pertaining to intestine Enter/itis: Inflammation of the intestine Dys/enter/y: Disorder of the intestine characterized by inflammation, pain, and diarrhea

Enter/o = Small intestine, Intestine
Enter/o/clysis: Washing or irrigation of the small intestine Enter/o/plegia: Paralysis of the small intestine Enter/ectasia: Dilatation of the small intestine Enter/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the small intestine

Gastr/o/enter/ic: Pertaining to the stomach and small intestine
Enter/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the small intestine Enter/o/cele: Intestinal hernia

Enter/o/centesis: Surgical puncture of the small intestine
Enter/o/scope: Instrument to examine the small intestine small enteralgia:pain in the intestine

Enter/o/cholecystostomy:making new conection between small intestine and gallbladder
Enter/o/megaly:enlargment of small intestine

Cec/o,typh/o=first part of the large intestine,cecum
Cec/o/cele:a hernia containing part of the cecum Cec/o/rrhaphy:suture of the cecum Typhectasis:dilation of the cecum

Col/o = Colon (Large intestine)
Col/ic or colonic: Pertaining to the colon Col/o/centesis: Surgical puncture of the colon Col/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the colon Col/ostomy: Making a new opening into the colon

Col/o/tomy:a surgical incision into the colon
Col/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the colon Colon/o/scopy:visual examination of the colon

Colitis:inflammation of the colon
Col/o/clyster:an enema injected into the colon through the rectum -clyster:the old-fashioned term for an enema Ulcerative colitis:choronic inflammation of the colon along with ulceration

Colon = Large Intestine

Diverticulum Diverticul/um:a sac or pouch formed at weak points in the walls of the alimentary tract Diverticul/osis:presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract ,especially in the bowel.

Diverticul/ar:of or pertaining to diverticulum
Diverticul/itis:inflammation of diverticula

-clysis = Washing or Irrigation
Washing/irrigation of: Colon Stomach Small intestine Rectum Anus and Rectum Col/o/clysis Gastr/o/clysis Enter/o/clysis Rect/o/clysis Proct/o/clysis

Sigmoid/o = Sigmoid colon
Sigmoid/o/scope: An instrument used to examine the sigmoid colon Sigmoid/o/scopy: The procedure of examining the sigmoid colon with sigmoidscope.

Rect/al: Pertaining to the rectum Rect/o/cele: Hernia of the rectum
Rect/o = Rectum Rect/al: Pertaining to the rectum Rect/o/cele: Hernia of the rectum Rect/o/scope: Instrument for examining the rectum

Col/o/rect/al: Pertaining to the colon and rectum
Rect/o/scopy: The process of examining the rectum with a rectoscope Rect/o/scopic (adj.): Pertaining to rectoscopy

Rect/o = Rectum Rect/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the rectum Rect/o/rrhaphy: Suturing (stitching) of the rectum Rect/o/urethr/al: Pertaining to the rectum and urethra Rect/o/cyst/o/tomy: Incision of the bladder through the rectum

Proct/o = Anus and Rectum
Proct/o/logist: One who is specialist in diseases of the anus and rectum Proct/o/logy: The study of diseases of the anus and rectum Proct/o/plegia: Paralysis of the anus and rectum Proct/o/scope: Instrument used to examine rectum and anus

Proct/o/scopy: Examination of rectum and anus with a proctoscope
Proct/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the rectum and anus Proct/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the rectum and anus

Areas of the abdomen Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left upper qudrant (LUQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ) RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ

Lapar/o/scope: an instrument used to examine the abdominal wall
Lapar/o=Abdomen Lapar/o/scope: an instrument used to examine the abdominal wall Laparectomy:surgical removal of parts of the abdominal wall Lapar/o/tomy: incision through any part of the abdominal wall

Peritone/o=peritoneum
Peritonitis:inflamation of the peritoneum Peritone/o/tomy:incision into the peritoneum Peritone/o/scopy:visual examination of the organs of the abdominal cavity with endoscope Ascites:accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Gastrointestinal Passage
Process of chewing Process of swallowing Chemical breakdown of food Movement of nutrients from intestine to the blood Expelling solid waste Solid waste material Mastica/tion Ingestion Diges/tion Absorption Defeca/tion (elimination) Feces, stool

Copr/o,sterc/o,scat/o=feces
Copr/o/lith:a mass of hard faeces Copr/o/phobia:abnormal fear of feces Sterc/o/lith:!!! Sterc/o/roma:a tumor-like mass of fecal matter in the rectum Scat/o/scopy:examination of the feces

Disorders: Anorexia:loss of appetite Aphagia:inability to swallow
Dysphagia:difficulty in swallowing phag/o:eat or swallow Jaundice , icterus :yellow discoloration of the skin,sclera,and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood

Dyspepsia:indigestion
Hemat/o/chezia:red blood in stool Hematemesis :vomiting blood -emesis:vomiting Stet/o/rrhea:feces containing fat

Constipation :condition in which evacuation of the bowls is difficult and not occur regularly
Diarrhea:frequent loose or liquid stools Nausea:feeling of sick in stomach

Realated to the GI functions
Eructation:belch Flatulence:gas in the stomach or intestine

Hepat/o,Hepatic/o,Hepa= Liver
Hepar = Liver Hepat/ic: Pertaining to the liver Hepat/o/megaly: Enlargement of the liver Hepat/o/scopy: Inspection of the liver

Hepat/o/pathy: Any disease of the liver
Hepat/o/tomy: Incision into the liver Hepat/ectomy: Excision of the liver Hepat/itis: Inflammation/infection of the liver

Hepat/o,Hepatic/o,Hepa = Liver
Hepat/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the liver Hepat/o/rrhaphy: Suture of a wound of the liver Hepat/o/cele: Hernia of the liver

Hepat/o/lith: Stone in the liver
Hepatalgia: Pain in the liver Hepat/o/ma: The tumor of the liver

Pancreat/o = Pancreas Pancreat/ic: Pertaining to the pancreas
Pancreat/o/lysis: Destruction of pancreatic tissue Pancreat/o/lith: a stone or calculus in the pancreas Pancreat/o/pathy: Any pancreatic disease

Pancreat/ectomy: Excision of part or all of the pancreas
Pancreat/o/tomy: Incision into the pancreas Pancreat/itis: Inflammation of the pancreas

Chol/e/cyst = Gallbladder
Chol/e/cyst/o/gram (or chol/e/cyst/o/graph): an x-ray of the gallbladder (or x-ray machine) Chol/e/cyst/itis: Inflammation of the gallbladder Chol/e/cyst/ectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder

Cholangi/o,Choledoch/o = BileDuct
ERCP = Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangi/o/pancreat/o/graphy: Radiographic examination of common bile duct and pancreatic duct by injecting contrast media. Cholang/itis: Inflammation of the bile duct Cholangi/o/ma: Tumor of the bile duct

A/tresia: Not perforated or not open. Closed ducts or tubes.
Biliary a/tresia: Bile ducts are not open Intestinal a/tresia: A part of the intestine is closed Esophageal a/tresia: Closed esophagus

Esophageal Atresia

Cirrh/osis Kirrhos = Orange-yellow
Cirrh/osis: dysfunctional liver disease, occurs as a result of malnutrition, alcoholism, poisoning, or a history of hepatitis

Splen/o = Spleen Splen/ectomy: Excision of the spleen
Splen/o/megaly: Enlargement of the spleen Splen/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the spleen Splen/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the spleen Splen/o/pathy: Any disease of the spleen

Splen/o/rrhaphy: Suture of the spleen
Splen/o/rrhagia: hemorrhage from the spleen Splen/algia: Pain in the spleen Splen/ic: Pertaining to the spleen

-ostomy = Anastomosis, new opening
Anastomosis is a surgical connection between tubular structures. New connection between: Esophagus & duodenumEsophag/o/duoden/ostomy Stomach, small intestine, and large intestine  Gastr/o/enter/o/col/ostomy Esophagus & stomach  Esophag/o/gastr/ostomy Small intestine & gall bladder  Enter/o/cholecyst/ostomy

Abbreviation BM PO NPO EGD ERCP GERD HAV HBV HCV Bowel movement
By mouth (per os) Nothing by mouth(nothing per os) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Gastroesophageal reflux disease Hepatitis A Virus Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus

Abbreviation Helicobacter pylori HP Gastrointestinal GI Gall bladder
GB NG HCL BE Helicobacter pylori Gastrointestinal Gall bladder Nasogastric Hydrochloric acid Barium enema

Written by: Marjan Mahmoodi Fatemeh Rahimi Fatemeh Sadeghi Marzieh Amoozande Mahboobeh Ansarinasab

Nervous system And sense organs

Nervous System,Nervous tissue
Neur/o,i Nervous System,Nervous tissue Neuroallergy Neurology Neuroarthropathy Allergy in nervous system The branch of medical science concerned with the various nervous systems Any disease of joint structures associated with disease of the nervous system.

Neurosurgery Neuroblast Angioneuropathy Angioneurotomy Dermatoneurosis Surgery of the nervous system An immature nerve cell A vascular disorder attributed to an abnormality of the autonomic nervous system fibers supplying the blood vessels Incision of both nerves and vessels of a part Any cutaneous eruption due to emotional stimuli

Neurocardiac Neurocranium Neurodermatitis Neuralgia Neuroplasty Relating to the cardiac neurosis Those bones of the cranium enclosing the brain as distinguished from the bones of the face A chronic lichenified skin lesion localized or disseminated The pain of nervous tissue Surgery of the nerves usually signifying more than neurorrhaphy

Gli/o Neuroglia Glial Angiogliomatosis Glioma Gliomatosis
Pertaining to neuroglia Occurrence of multiple areas of proliferating capillaries and neuroglia or a condition of multiple angiogliomas A tumor composed of tissue which represent neuroglia in any one of its stages of development Diffuse formation of gliomas

Gangli/o , Ganglion/o Ganglia Ganglioma Ganglionitis Polyganglionic
Gangliectomy Plural of ganglion Tumor of a ganglion Inflammation of a gnaglion Containing or involving many ganglia Surgical removal of ganglion

Mening/o meninge/o meninges Meningocele Meningo-osteophlebitis
Meningocephalopathy Meningorrhagia Hernia of the meninges Inflammation of the veins of the periosteum Disorder affecting the meninges and the brain Hemorrhage into or beneath the cerebral or spinal meninges

Myel/o Spinal cord (also bone marrow) Hematomyelia Myelalgia
Encephalomyeloneuropathy Myelalgia Myeloblastemia Myelorrhaphy Hemorrhage into the spinal cord A disease involving the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves Pain in the spinal cord The presence of myeloblasts in the circulating blood Suture of a wound of the spinal cord

Radicul/o Spinal nerve root Any disease of spinal nerve root
Congenital maldevelopment of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots Inflammation of roots and ganglion Radiculopathy Myeloradiculodysplasia Radliculoganglionitis

RoOts for the Brain

Encephal/o Brain Anencephaly Absence of the brain Electroencephalogram
Electeroencephalograph Electreencephalography Encephalodynia Absence of the brain The record obtained by means of electreencephalograph An instrument for performing electroencephalography The recording of the electric currents developed in the brain Headache

Encephaloscopy Encephalotomy Polioencephalomyelitis Porencephaly Megaloencephaly Examination of the brain Dissection or incision of the brain Inflammation of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord The presence of one or more cavities in the brain Enlargement of the brain

Cerebr/o Cerebrum cerebrology The sum of knowledge regarding the brain
Infracerebral Cerebrospinal Cerebrotomy Cerebrosis The sum of knowledge regarding the brain Below the cerebrum Related to the brain and spinal cord Incision of the brain Any disease of the cerebrum

Cortic/o Corticospinal
Cerebral cortex,outer portion Corticospinal Corticomedial Corticothalamic Corticopleuritis Pertaining to the cerebral cortex and spinal cord Cortical and medial Pertaining to cortex and thalamus Inflammation of the visceral pulmonary pleura

Cerebell/o Cerebellum Supracerebellar Above the cerebellum
Cerebellomedullary Cerebellopontine Cerebellorubral Above the cerebellum Relating to the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata Relating to the cerebellum and pons Relating to the connections of the cerebellum with the red nucleus

Thalam/o Thalamus Thalamotomy Thalamocortical Incision of the thalamus
Relating to the efferent connections of the thalamus with the cerebral cortex

Ventricul/o Cavity,ventricle Intraventricular Within a ventricle
Ventriculoscope Ventriculopuncture Within a ventricle An endoscope for examining the cerebral ventricles and for cauterizing the choroid plexus Insertion of a needle into a ventricle

Medull/o Medulla oblongata (also spinal cord) Medullary
Pertaining to the medulla

Psych/o Mind Psychogenic Originiating in the mind Medicopsychology
Psychogenesis Psychiatric Psychosomatic Originiating in the mind Psychology in its relation to medicine Production of a symptom or illness by psychic Pertaining to or within the purview of psychiatry Pertaining to mind-body relationship

Narc/o Stupor,unconsciousness Narcosis
Electronarcosis State of stupor it used by drugs Production of insensibility to pain by the use of electral current

Somn/o,i Sleep Somnolense Sleepyness Insomnia Inability to sleep
Hypersomnia Somnifacient Dyssomnia Sleepyness Inability to sleep A condition in which sleep periods are excessively long Causing sleep Disturbance of normal sleep or rhythm pattern

Suffixes for the nervous system

Definition of the example
Suffix Meaning Example Definition of the example -phasia Speech heterophasia Utering words that are different from those intended -lalia Speech,babble Coprolalia Compulsive use of obscene words -lexia Reading Bradylexia Slowness in reading -plegia Paralysis Tetraplegia Paralysis of all four limbs -paresis Partial paralysis,weakness Hemiparesis Partial paralysis of one side of the body -lepsy Seizure Narcolepsy Condition marked by sudden episodes of sleep -phobia Persistant,irrational fear Agoraphobia Fear of being in a public place

Derm/o Dermat/o Skin Dermabrasion Dermatopathy Dermophlebitis
Dermovascular Dermoidectomy Surgical procedure used to resurface the skin and remove imperfections Any disease of the skin Inflammation of the superficial veins and the surroundings skin Pertaining to the blood vessels of the skin Surgical removal of a dermoid cyst

Trich/o Hair Glossotrichia Hairy tongue Trichomycosis
Melanotrichous Trichodynia Hypotrichosis Hairy tongue Fungal infection of the hair Having black hair Pain in the root of hair A less than normal amount of hair on the head and/or body

Kerat/o Keratin,horny layer of the skin Keratinous Dyskeratosis
Keratoderma Containing keratin;horny A disorder of keratinization A generalized thickening of the horny layer of the epidermis

Melan/o Melanosome Small cellular body that produces melanin
Dark,Black,Melanin Melanosome Pneumomelanosis Melanoglossia Melanogenesis Melanoblast Small cellular body that produces melanin Blackening of the lung tissue Black tongue Formation of melanin A cell derived from the neural crest

Hidr/o Anhidrosis Absence of sweating Chromhidrosis
Sweat,Perspiration Anhidrosis Chromhidrosis Hidrosis Absence of sweating A rare condition charactrized by the excretion of sweat containing pigment The production and excretion of sweat

Seb/o Sebum,Sebaceous gland Seborrhea Excess flow of sebum

Onych/o Nail Onychia Inflammation of the nail and nail bed
Onychoclasis Onychograph Onychoid Onychology Inflammation of the nail and nail bed Breaking of the nails An instrument for recording the capillary blood pressure as shown by the circulation under the nail Resembling a finger nail in structure or form Study of the nails

IN THE NAME OF GOD

Reproductive system the system of organs and parts which function in reproduction consisting in the male especially of the seminal vesicles, prostate, urethra, testes and penis and in the female especially of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and vulva

Roots of reproductive system

Genit/o: of reproductive organs تناسلی
Genital: pertaining to reproduction or to the reproductive organs. Genitalia: reproductive organs. الات‌ تناسلي‌ خارجي‌ Genitoplasty: plastic surgery (Surgical repair) on the reproductive organs. Hypogenitalism: Partial or complete failure of maturation of the genitalia. Microgenitalism: Abnormal smallness of the external genital organs.

Macrogenitosomia: Excessive bodily and genital development, with unusual enlargement of the genital organs. Genitofemoral: Relating to the genitalia and the thigh. Progenitalis: On any of the exposed surfaces of the genitalia. Progenitor cell : stem cell Genitourinary: pertaining to genitalia and urinary system Genital herpes: most common viral STI; caused by herpes simplex virus; characterized by periodic outbreaks of ulcer-like sores on genitals and anorictal skin and mucous membranes

Gonad/o: The sex gonads غده ی جنسی
Gonadotropic: stimulating the gonads. Gonadopathy: any disease of the gonads. Gonadotropin: any hormone having a stimulating effect on the gonads. Hypergonadotropic: relating to or caused by excessive amounts of gonadotropins. Hypogonadotropic: relating to or caused by deficiency of gonadotropins. Hypergonadism: abnormally increased functional activity of the gonads, with excessive growth and precocious sexual development

Sex/o: جنسی Sexology: the scientific study of sex and sexual relation.
Asexual : Having no sexual desire or interest. Somatosexual: pertaining to both physical and sex characteristics or to physical manifestations of sexual development. Psychosexual: Pertaining to the relationships among the emotional, mental, physiologic, and behavioral components of sex or sexual development.

Homosexuality: sexual orientation toward or activity with persons of the same sex.
Isosexual: pertaining to the same sex; having secondary sex characters appropriate to one’s sex. Sexualization: 1. The state characterized by the presence of sexual energy or drive. 2. The act of acquiring sexual energy or drive. 3. The act of imputing a sexual meaning or quality to people or behaviors.

Gon/o جنسی : Gonocyte: primordial germ cell Gonophore: an accessory reproductive organ, such as a fallopian tube. Gonosome: sex chromosomes

Gam/o: جنسی Agamogenesis: asexual reproduction Gamophobia: Morbid fear of marriage. Gamophagia: The disappearance of the male or female element in zygosis.

Erot/o: تمایل جنسی Erotopathy: Any abnormality of the sexual impulse. Erotophobia: fear of love, especially of sexual feelings and activity.

Pub/o: بلوغ Puberty: the period during which the secondary characters being to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained. Puberal: Relating to puberty.

Root of Male Genital System

Andr/o: male مرد Androgen: any steroid hormone that promotes male secondary sex characters. ایجادکننده خصوصیات مردانه Andrology: Medical science relating to diseases of male genital organs and of men in general. Andropathy: Any disease, such as prostatitis, special to the male sex. Andromorphous: Having a male form or habitus. Androphobia: Morbid fear of men, or of the male sex. Androgenesis: Development in the presence of paternal chromosomes only.

Vas/o: vas deferens مجرای منی بر
Vasography: Radiography of the vas deferens. Vasotomy: incision of the vas (ductus) deferens. Vasovesiculectomy: Excision of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. Vasosection: surgical incision into or division of the vas deferens

Prostat/o: prostate gland غده ی پروستات
Prostatectomy: surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland. Prostatotomy: An incision into the prostate. Prostatalgia: pain in the prostate. Prostatomegaly: hypertrophy of the prostate. Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate. Prostatolith: a stone formed in the prostate. Prostatorrhea: An abnormal discharge of prostatic fluid.

Prostatolithotomy: Incision of the prostate for removal of a stone of prostate.
Prostatovesiculitis: inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles. Prostatovesiculectomy: excision of the prostate and seminal vesicles. Prostatocystitis: inflammation of the prostate and the bladder.

Epididym/o: epididymis اپیدیدیم
Epididymal: Relating to the epididymis. Epididymectomy: surgical removal of the epididymis. Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis. Epididymoplasty: Surgical repair of the epididymis. Epididymotomy: Incision into the epididymis. Epididymo-orchitis: inflammation of an epididymis and testis.

Sperm/i: sperm اسپرم Aspermia: failure in a male of production of sperm. Monospermy: Fertilization by the entrance of only one sperm into the oocyte. Dispermy: Entrance of two sperms into one oocyte. Polyspermia: excessive secretion of semen. Hemospermia: Presence of blood in the seminal fluid. Bacteriospermia: Bacteria in the semen or ejaculate. Oligospermia: deficiency of sperm in the semen.

Spermat/o: sperm اسپرم
Spermatology: The branch of histology, physiology, and embryology concerned with sperm and/or seminal secretion. Spermatocidal: Destructive to sperm. Spermatitis: inflammation of a vas deferens. Spermatocelectomy: excision of a spermatocele. Spermatogeny: formation of sperm cells. Spermatolysis: Destruction, with dissolution, of the sperms.

Spermiduct: ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct
Spermiogenesis: the second stage in the formation of sperm,in which the spermatids transform into spermatozoa.

Seminiferous: producing or carrying semen.
Semin/i: sperm اسپرم Seminiferous: producing or carrying semen. Seminuria: discharge of semen in the urine.

Vesicul/o: seminal vesicle
Vesiculography: Radiography of the seminal vesicle. Vesiculogram: a radiograph of the seminal vesicles. Vesiculation: formation of vesicles. Vesiculotomy:Surgical incision of the seminal vesicles. Vesiculectomy: Surgical removal of a seminal vesicle. Vesiculitis: inflammation of a seminal vesicle.

Osche/o: scrotum کیسه بیضه
Oscheoplasty: Surgical repair of the scrotum. Oscheoma: tumor of the scrotum. Oscheitis: An inflammation of the scrotum. Oscheal: Relating to the scrotum. Synoscheos: adhesion between the penis and scrotum.

Orchi/o: testes بیضه Anorchia: Absence of the testes; may be congenital or acquired. Orchialgia: Pain in the testis. Orchiopathy: Disease of a testis. Orchiopexy: surgical fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum. Orchiotomy: Incision into a testis. Orchitis: Inflammation of the testis.

Orchioplasty: plastic surgery of the testis.
Orchiotherapy: Treatment with testicular extracts. Monorchia: A condition in which only one testis is apparent, the other being absent or undescended. Orchiocele: hernial protrusion of a testis.( A testis retained in the inguinal canal.)

Orchid/o: testes Orchidic: Relating to the testis. Orchidectomy: surgical removal of testes. Orchidorraphy: surgical fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum. Orchidopexy: surgical fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum. Orchiditis: Inflammation of the testis.

Monorchidism: A condition in which only one testis is apparent, the other being absent or undescended. Synorchidism: Congenital fusion of the testes into one mass. Orchidometer:A caliper device used to measure the size of testes.

Test/o: testes Testicular: pertaining to the testis. Testalgia: pain in a testis. Testectomy: excision of one or both testes.(done when a testis is seriously injured or diseased as in testicular cancer.)

Didym/o: testes Didymitis: inflammation of a testis. Didymus: testis. Didymalgia: pain in a testis.

Balan/o: Glans penis Balanitis: Inflammation of the glans penis or clitoris. Balanic: Relating to the glans penis. Balanoplasty: Surgical repair of the glans penis.

Phall/o: penis Phallectomy: Surgical removal of the penis. Phalloplasty: Surgical repair of the penis. Phallotomy: Surgical incision into the penis. Phallitis: Inflammation of the penis. Phalloid: phalliform: Resembling in shape a penis. Phallalgia: Pain in the penis.

Phallodynia: phallalgia : Pain in the penis.
Phalloncus: A tumor or swelling of the penis. Phallocrypsis: Dislocation and retraction of the penis. Polyphallic: Pertaining to the fantasy of possessing multiple penises.

Pen/o: penis Penotomy: Surgical incision into the penis. Penoscrotal: Relating to both penis and scrotum. Penial: Relating to the penis. Penile: Relating to the penis. Penectomy: surgical removal of the penis. Penitis: inflammation of the penis.

Roots of Female Genital System

Gyn/o: female زن Gynopathy: disease of wemen.
Gynoplasty: plastic surgery of the female genital organs. Gynophobia:Fear of women.

gynec/o: female زن Gynecology: study of diseases of the female genital tract Gynecopathy: any disease unique to women.

Mast/o: breast پستان Mastalgia: pain in the breast Mastectomy: surgical removal of the breast Mastitis: inflammation of the breast Mastopexy: surgical lifting of the breasts Mastodynia: pain in the female breast Mastopathy: breast disease Mastatrophy: atrophy of the breast

Mamm/o: breast پستان Mamma :plural of mamilla Mammal:related to breast Mammary:pertaining to the mammary gland or breast Mammectomy: mastectomy Mammogarm: a radiograph of the breast. Mammography: a radiography of the breast. Mammitis: inflammaton of the breast.

Mammotropic:having a stimulating effect on the mammary gland
Mammotropin:prolaction Mammoplasia:development of the breast tissue Mammotomy: incision of a mammary gland.

Thel/o: nipple نوک پستان
Thelalgia: pain in the nipples Theleplasty: a plastic operation on the nipple Thelerethism:erection of the nipple thelitis: inflammation of the nipple thelorrhhagia: hemorrhage from the nipple thelarche: beginning of development of the breast at puberty

Ovari/o: ovary تخمدان Ovariocele: hernia of an ovary Ovaricentesis: surgical puncture of an ovary Ovariopexy: the opretion of elevating and fixing an ovary to the abdominal wall Ovaritis: inflammation of ovary Ovariotubal: pertaining to an ovary and oviduct Ovariosalpingectomy: excision of ovary and oviduct

Oophor/o: ovary تخمدان
Oophoropexy: the operation of elevating and fixing an ovary to the abdominal wall. Oophoroplasty: plastic repair of an ovary. Oophorotomy: incision of an ovary. Oophorocystectomy: excision of an ovarian cyst Oophorocystosis:the formation of ovarian cyst Oophorectomy:removal of one or both ovaries Oophoron :an ovary

Oo/o:ovum تخمک Ooblast:a primitive cell from which an ovum ultimately develops Oogonium:an ovarian egg during fetal development, near the time of birth it becomes aprimery oocyte Oogenesis:the process of formation of female gamets

Ov/o: ovum تخمک ovular: pertaining to an ovular or an ovum ovulation: the discharge of the ovum from the graafian follicle. Ovoplasm: the cytoplasm of an unfertilized ovum Ovotestis: a gonad containing both testicular and ovarian tissue

Metr/o: uterus رحم Metrodynia: pain in the uterus Metropathy: any disease of the uterus Metrorrhea: a free or abnormal uterin discharge Metrorrhexis: rupture of the uterus Metrorrhagia: uterine bleeding

Uter/o: uterus رحم Uteroplasty: Plastic surgery of the uterus.
Uteroscopy: Visual instrumental inspection of the uterine cavity. Uteropexy: Fixation of a displaced or abnormally movable uterus. Uterotubography: Radiography of the uterus and fallopian. Uterovaginal: Relating to the uterus and the vagina. Uterometer: A graduated sound used to measure the depth of the uterine cavity.

Hyster/o: uterus رحم Hysterotomy: incision of the uterus Hysterorrhaphy: suture of the uterus Hysterolith: uterine calculus Hysteropathy: any disease of the uterus Hysteroptosis: prolapse of the uterus Hysterography: the graphic recording of the strength of uterine contraction in labor

Salping/o: fallopian tube لوله رحمی
Salpingitis: inflammation of a fallopian tube. Salpingectomy: surgical removal of a fallopian tube. Salpingoplasty: plastic repair of a uterine tube Salpingotomy: surgical incision of a fallopian tube. Salpingolysis: surgical separation of adhesions involving the uterine tubes Salpingography: radiography of the uterine tubes

Cervic/o: cervix گردن رحم
cervical: pertaining to the cervix cervicectomy: exision of the cervix uteri cervicitis: inflammation of the cervix cervicocolpitis: inflammation of the cervix uteri and vagina Cervicoplasty: plastic surgery on the cervix uteri. Cervicotomy: incision of the uterine cervix.

Trachel/o: cervix گردن رحم
Tracheloplasty: Rarely used term for surgery of the cervix uteri. Trachelotomy: cervicotomy: Incision into the cervix uteri. Hysterotrachelorrhaphy: Sutural repair of a lacerated cervix uteri. Trachelopexia: Surgical fixation of the cervix uteri.

Vagin/o: vagina مجرای تناسلی
Vaginectomy: excision of the vagina Vaginitis: inflammation of the vagina Vaginodynia: pain in the vagina Vaginopathy: any disease of the vagina Vaginopexy: vaginofixation Vaginoplasty: plastic surgery of the vagina Vaginotomy: incision of the vagina

Colp/o: vagina مجرای تناسلی
Colpalgia: pain in the vagina Colpectomy: excision of the vagina Colpitis: inflammation of the vagina Colpopexy: suture of a relaxed vagina to the abdominal wall Colporhaphy: suture of the vagina Colpotomy: incision of the vagina

Vulv/o: vulva آلت تناسلی زن
vulvectomy: excision of the vulva vulvitis: inflammation of the vulva vulvovaginitis: inflammation of the vulva and vagina

Episi/o: vulva آلت تناسلی زن
Episioperineoplasty :plastic repair of the vulva and perineum Episioperineorrhaphy:suture of the vulva and perineum Episiotomy:surgical incision into the perineum and vagina for abstetrical purposes Episiostenosis:narrowing of the vulvar orifice

Perine/o: میان دو راه Perineal:pertaining to the perineum Perineocele:a hernia between the rectum and the prostate or between the rectum and the vagina Perineoplasty:plastic repair of the perineum Perineorrhaphy:suture of the perineum

Clitor/o: clitoris Clitoromegaly: An enlarged clitoris. Clitoroplasty: Any plastic surgery procedure on the clitoris.

Clitorid/o: clitoris Clitoridectomy:excision of the clitoris
Clitoridotomy:incision of the clitoris,female circumcision Clitorimegaly:enlargement of clitoris Clitoris:the small elongated, erectile body in the female ,situated at the anterior angle of the rima pudenda and homologous with the penis in the male Clitorism:1) hypertrophy of the clitoris )persistent erection of the clitoris

Hymen/o: hymen Hymenology: the science dealing with the membranes of the body Hymenectomy: excision of the hymen Hymenitis: inflammation of the hymen. Hymenotomy: incision of the hymen.

Men/o: menstruation قاعدگی
Menolipsis: temporary cessation of menstruation Menorrhalgia: painful menstruation Menostasia/menostasis: absence or abnormal stoppage of the menses

Root of Pregnancy and Birth

Amni\o: amniun آمنیون Monoamniotic twins:twins developing within a single amniotic cavity Amniotomy : surgical rupture of the fetal membranes as, a means of inducing or expediting labor Amnioscopy : Examination of the amniotic fluid in the lowest part of the amniotic sac by means of an endoscope introduced through the cervical canal. Amniorrhexis : Rupture of the amniotic membrane. Amniorrhea : Escape of amniotic fluid Amnionitis : Inflammation of the amnion

Amniogenesis : the development of the amnion Amniography : radiography of the pregnant uterus after injection of an opague contrast medium into the amniotic fluid Amniocentesis: trans abdominal performation of the amniotic sac,in order to abtain a sample of amniotic fluid Amniocorial : pertaining to amnion and chorion

Amnioinfusion: injection of solution into the amniotic fluid,usually to induce abortion
Amnion: the innermost fetal membrane Amnioscope: an endoscope that. Amniotic: pertaining to the amnion Amniotome: an instrument for puncturing the fetal membranes

Chori\o: chorion Choriocapillaris : capillary lamina of choroid
Choriocapillaris : capillary lamina of choroid Choriogonadotropin : chorionic gonadotropin Chorioadenoma : adenoma of the chorion . A benign neoplasm of chorion, especially with hydatidiform mole formation Choriollantois : Extraembryonic membrane formed by the fusion of the allantois with the serosa or false chorion. In mammalian embryos, it forms the fetal portion of the placenta; in avian embryos, it is fused with the shell. Chorioamnionitis : Infection involving the chorion, amnion, and amniotic fluid; usually the placental villi and decidua are also involved.inflammation of the fetal membranes

Chorioangiosis : An abnormal increase in the number of vascular channels in placental villi; severe chorioangiosis is associated with a high incidence of neonatal death and major congenital malformations. Choriomammotropin : human placental lactogen Chorioretinitis: retinochoroiditis Chorioretinopathy : A primary abnormality of the choroid with extension to the retina Monochorionic : Relating to or having a single chorion; denoting monovular twins Neurochorioretinitis : Inflammation of the choroid, the retina, and the optic nerve.

chorioangioma : an angioma of the chorion Choriocele : protrusion of the chorion through an aperture Choriogenesis : the development of the chorion Chorioma : any trophoblastic proliferation

Placent\o: جفت Placentoma: deciduoma placentotherapy: Therapeutic use of an extract of placental tissue Thermoplacentography : Obsolete method for determination of placental position by detection of infrared rays from the large amounts of blood flowing through the placenta. Plasentitis: inflammation of the placenta Placentography: radiologic visualization of the placenta after injection of the contrast medium

milk Lact\o: Lactobacilli: Plural of lactobacillus. Lactobezoar: A bezoar attributed to enriched calcium or casein content in some formulas prepared for premature infants Lactocrit: An instrument used to estimate the amount of butterfat in milk Lactochrome : lactoflavin1 lactorrhea: excessive milk flow lactoscope: galactoscope lactotroph: A pituitary cell that produces prolactin,a type of acidophil in the adenohypophysis that secretes prolactin Lactotrophic : Older term for prolactin-producing.

Lactobacillus: a genus of bacteria Lactocele: galactocele Lactogenesis: galactopoiesis Lactogen: any substance that enhances lactation Lactose: a suger derived from the milk of mammals Lactosuria: elevated levels of lactose Lactotrope: lactotroph

Galact/o: milk Galactocele: hydrocele filled with milky fluid Galactography: radiography of the mammary ducta Galactosis: the formation of milk by the lacteal glands Galactostasis: cessation of milk secretion/abnormal collection of milk in the mammary glands

Gest/o:peregnanc Gestosis : Any disorder of pregnancy.
Gestosis : Any disorder of pregnancy. Progeston : 1. Any agent capable of producing biologic effects similar to those of progesterone; most progestogens are steroids like the natural hormones. 2. A synthetic derivative from testosterone or progesterone that has some of the physiologic activity and pharmacologic effects of progesterone; progesterone is antiestrogenic, whereas some progestogens have estrogenic or androgenic properties in addition to progestational activity.

Gravid/a: pregnant حاملگی
Gravida : a pregnan woman Multigravida : A pregnant woman who has been pregnant one or more times previously Nulligravida: A woman who has never conceived a child Nausea gravidarum: morning sickness primigravida : gravida ,during the first pregnancy Gravidic : occurring in pregnancy Gravidocardiac: pertaining to heart disease in pregnancy Gravimetric: pertaining to measurement by weight Gravid uterus: one containing a developing fetus

Toc/o:child birth زایمان
Ectocornea: The outer layer of the cornea Monotocous: Producing a single offspring at a birth. Tocography: The process of recording uterine contractions. Tocophobia: Morbid dread of childbirth Tocology: obstetrics

زایمان Part\o: Partogram: Graph of labor parameters of time and dilation with alert and action lines to prompt intervention if the curve deviates from expected.

Para: awoman who has given birth to زن زاییدهan infant or infants
Nulipara: A woman who has never borne a child Obstetric paralysis: obstetric palsy nonparametric: A group of statistical maneuvers that can be applied effectively to nonnormal or nongaussian data that is nonnormal or nongaussian in distribution. Myeloparalysis : spinal paralysis parabiosis: the unin of two individuals as conjoined twins Paracentesis: surgical puncture of the cavity for the aspiration of fluid

Ped/o: child or children طفل
Pedodontia: pedodontics pedodontics: The branch of dentistry concerned with the dental care and treatment of children Pedodontist: A dentist who practices pedodontics Pedogenesis: Permanent larval stage with sexual development, as in certain gall midges (genus Miastor). Pedogram: A record made by the pedograph Pedograph: An instrument to record and study the gait Pedography : Production of a record as made by a pedograph

pedometer: An instrument for measuring the distance covered in walking.
Pedomorphism: Description of adult behavior in terms appropriate to child behavior Pedophilia: In psychiatry, an abnormal attraction to children by an adult for sexual purposes. Pedophilic : Relating to or exhibiting pedophilia Stapedotomy : A surgical technique for the improvement of hearing in otosclerosis: a hole is made in the footplate of the stapes bone through which is placed the piston-shaped end of a prosthesis, the other end of which is attached to the long process of the incus bone. Pedodynamometer: an instrument for measuring leg strength

Respiratory system

Nas/o: nose (بینی) Nasolabial: pertaining to the nose and lip
Nasitis: inflammation of the nose Nasopalatine: related to nose and palatine Nasopharynx: the part of the pharynx above the soft palate Nasogastric: pertaining to the nose and stomach

Rhin/o: nose, nose like structure
Rhinoplasty: surgical repair of the nose Rhinoectomy: surgical removal of the nose Rhinorrhea:discharge of mucus from the nose

Naris,nares: nostril (سوراخ بینی )
Anterior nares(nostrils): the ends of the nostriles that open into the nasal space and allow breathing in and out. Posterior nares(choana): a part of openings in the back of the nasal cavity with the upper throat and allow the flow of air.

Sept/o: septum (تیغه بینی )
Septoplasty: surgical repair of the nasal septum Septotomy: incision of the nasal septum

Sinus/o: recess, cavity (سینوس)
Sinusotomy: incision of a sinus Sinusitis: inflammation of a sinus Sinosoid: resembling a sinus

Antr/o:chamber,cavity((سینوس فک بالا
Antroscope: an instrument for inspecting the maxillary antrum Antronasal: pertaining to the maxillary antrum and nasal fossa Antrostomy: the operation of making an opening into an antrum for purposes of drainage

Staphyl/o,uvul/o: uvula ((زبان کوچک
Staphylitis: uvulitis Staphyledema: edema of the uvula Staphyline: uvular Uvulectomy: surgical removal of the uvula Uvulotomy:the cutting off the uvula or a part of it Uvuloptosis: a relaxed, pendulous state of the uvula

Pharyng/o: pharynx ( حلق )
Pharyngalgia: pain in the pharynx Pharyngeal: pertaining to the pharynx Pharyngectomy: excision of part of the pharynx Pharyngismus: muscular spasm of the pharynx

adenoid/o: adenoids-pharyngeal tonsil (حلقی لوزه)
Adenopathy: Enlargement of the lymphnodes Adenoidectomy: Surgical removal of the adenoids Adenoiditis:inflammation of the adenoids Adenomalasia: abnormal softening of gland

Laryng/o: larynx( حنجره )
Laryngocele: a congenital anomalous air sac communicating with the cavity of the larynx which may bulge out ward on the neck Laryngography: radiography of the larynx Laryngopathy: any disorder of the larynx Laryngoplasty: plastic repair of the larynx

Trache/o: Trachea ( نای )
Tracheocele: hernial protrusion of tracheal mucous membrane Tracheophony: sound heard in ascultation over the trachea Tracheorrhagia: hemorrhage from the trachea

Bronch/o: Bronchus( نایژه )
Bronchiectasis: chronic dilation of one or more bronchi Broncholithiasis: a condition which calculi(stone) are present within the lumen of the tracheobronchial tree Bronchology: the study and treatment of disease of tracheobronchial tree bronchoscope

Bronchodilator: a drug that causes widening of the bronchi.

Bronchiol/o: Bronchiole(نایژک)
Bronchiolitis: inflammation of bronchiole Bronchiolectasis: dilation of the bronchioles

alveolus

Alveoli/o: alveolus, a small sac like dilatation ( (کیسه هوایی
Alveolitis: inflammation of a dental or pulmonary alveolus Alveolar: relating to an alveolus

Pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o: lung ((ریه،گاز،هوا
Pneumobilia: gas in the biliary system Pneumocephalus: air in the intracranial cavity Pneumonopexy: surgical fixation of the long to the thoracic wall Pneumonorrhaphy: suture of the lung Pneumonosis: pneumonopathy Pneumonotomy: incision of the lung

Pneumonia: inflammation of the lungs with exudation and consolidation
Pneumaturia: gas or air in the urine Pneumatocele: a usually benign,thin_walled, air_containing cyst of the lung, as in staphylococcal pneumonia pulmoaortic: related to lung and aorta Pulmonitis: inflammation of the lungs pulmonary: pertaining to the lungs

PEG pneumoencephalography:
radiography of fluid containing structures of the brain after cerebrospinal fluid is intermittently with drawn by lumbar puncture and replaced by a gas

Pleur/o: pleura (پرده جنب)
Pleurotomy: thoracotomy Pleurocentesis: thoracentesis Pleurodynia: pain in the pleural cavity

Phren/o: diaphragm (دیافراگم)
Phrenoplegia: paralysis of the diaphragm Phrenohepatic: pertaining to the diaphragm and liver Phrenitis: diaphragmitis

Phrenic/o: nerve of the diaphragm(عصب دیافراگم )
Phrenicotripsy: crushing and rubbing diaphragmatic nerve

cost/o: rib Costochondral: pertaining to a rib and its cartilage.
Costoscapularis: the serratus anterior muscle Costogenic:arising from a rib,especially from a defect of the marrow of the ribs

Epiglott/o: epiglottis
Epiglottitis: supraglottitis Epiglottodectomy: excision of the epiglottis Epiglottis: the lidlike cartilaginous stracture overhanging the entrance to the larynx,gaurding it during swallowing

lob/o: lobe of the lung Lobectomy: excision of a lobe as of the lung brain Lobotomy: incision of the lobe Lobulated: made up of the lobules

mediastin/o: mediastinum
Mediastinography: radiography of the mediastinum Mediastinoscopy: examination of the mediastinum by means of an endescope inserted through an anterior midline incision just above the thoracic inlet

muc/o, muc/us: mucus Mucocele: dilation of a cavity with mucus secretion Mucoid: resembling mucus Mucociliary: pertaining to mucus and to the cilia of epithelial cells in the airways

steth/o: chest (pertaining to listening to)
Stethometer: an instrument for measuring the cicular dimension or expansion of the chest Stethospasm: spasm of the chest muscle Stethogoniometer: apparatus for measuring curvature of the chest

thorac/o: chest (organ)
Thoracocyllosis: deformity of the thorax Thoracodynia: pain in the thorax Thoracomyodynia: pain in the muscle of the chest Thoracoscope: an endoscope for examing the pleural cavity through an intarcostal space

Tonsill/o: a small ,rounded mass of tissue,especially of lymphoid tissue,generally use alone to disignate the palatine,tonsil Tonsilotomy: incision of a tonsil Tonsilitis: inflammation of the tonsil,especially the palatine tonsils

pector/o: chest (pertaining to muscle)
Pectoral: thoracic Pectoriloquy: voice sound of increased resonance heard sound of increased

or/o: mouth Orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue
Oropharynx: the part of the pharynx between the soft plate and the upper edge of the epiglottis. Oronasal: pertaining to the mouth and nose

Spir/o: Breath,Breathing(تنفس )
Spirometer: an instrument for measuring the air taken into and exhaled by lungs Spirogram: a tracing or graph of respiratory movements Spirocheata: a genus of bacteria found in fresh or sea-water slime,especially when hydrogen sulfide is present

capn/o: carbon dioxide
Capnogram: a real time waveform record of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the respiratory gases Capnometry: the determination of end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide

coni/o: dust(گرد و خاک، غبار)
Coniosis: a disease caused by inhalation of dust Coniofibrosis:pneumoconiosis with overgrowth of lung conective tissue

Hilum: The area through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels enter and leave a gland or organ.
Cilium or Flagellum: They have microtubule dependent molecular motors (dynine)

_pnea:respiration,breathing ( تنفس )
Bradypnea:slow breathing Dyspnea:difficulty breathing Hyperpnea:increase in the depth of breathing

_oxia: amount of oxygen ((میزان اکسیژن
Anoxia:A total lack of oxygen

_phonia: voice (صدا ) Dysphonia: hoarsness Aphonia: loss of voice

_Capnia: amount of carbon dioxide
Hypercapnia:the abnormal build up of carbon dioxide in the blood

-osmia: smell Anosmia: absence of the sense of smell

-phas, -phasia: speech Dysphasia: a speech disorder of a specified kind

-ptysis: spitting ( خلط ،تف کردن )
Hemoptysis: the spitting of blood or of blood-stained sputum albuminoptysis: albumin in the sputum

اختصارات سیستم تنفسی

ABG : Arterial Blood Gas (گازهای خون شریانی)
ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (سندروم زجر تنفسی) BS : :Breath sounds ( (صدای تنفس ARDS BS

COLD: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
(بیماری مزمن انسدادی ریه) COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease : Chest X-Ray (عکسبرداری از قفسه سینه) COPD CXR

LTB PE ABG :Laryngotracheobronchitis (التهاب حنجره،نای،نایژه)
:Pulmonary Embolismامبولی ریه) ) :Arterial Blood Gas (گازهای خونی شریانی) PE ABG

PFT PND RDS :Pulmonary Function Test ازمایش عملکرد ریه) (
:Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea تنگی نفس حمله ای شبانه) ) :Respiratory Distress Syndrome (سندروم زجر تنفس) PND RDS

SOB SIDS TB : Shortness Of Breath ( تنفس کوتاه )
:Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (سندروم مرگ ناگهانی شیرخوار) :Tuberculosis (سل) SOB SIDS TB

T&A URI A&P :Tonsil and Adenoid(ectomy) برداشتن لوزه و شبه غده
:Upper Respiratory Infection عفونت تنقسی فوقانی :auscultation and percussion T&A URI A&P

BA :bronchial asthma :chronic respiratory disease :intermittent positive pressure breathing CRD IPPB

LLL : left lower lobe :left upper lobe :right lower lobe LUL RLL

RUL :right upper lobe :turn, cough, and deep breathe :ventilation/perfusion scanning TCDB VPS

Some of conditions & Diseases

:pneumonopathy(هرگونه عارضه ریوی)
pneumonosis :pneumonopathy(هرگونه عارضه ریوی) :difficult breathing(اختلال تنفسی) :expectoration(خلط ) :expectorant(خلط اور ) dysnea sputum aerosal

tachypnea :very rapid respiration ( تندی تنفس) :stop breathing( عدم تنفس موقتی ) :dysnea that is relieved in the upright position ( (تنگی نفس در حالت خوابیده :inflammation of the pleura التهاب پرده جنب)) apnea orthopnea pleurisy

: سم آ :پیدایش گاز در مجرای مهره ای : :وجود چرک و هوا در حفره جنب :خروسک، خناق ، التهاب حنجره و نای و نایژه asthma pneumatorrhachis pneumopyothorax laryngotracheobronchitis

:a discontinuous sound consisting of a series of
Rale :a discontinuous sound consisting of a series of short sounds,heard durin inhalation صدای غیر طبیعی در سینه،خس خس سینه :incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth or collapse of the adult lung( اتساع ناقص ریه ها ) atelectasis

:هوای باقیمانده در ریه ها پس از حالت بازدم
Vital capacity :ظرفیت حیاتی :هوای باقیمانده در ریه ها پس از حالت بازدم پویایی و تحرک تنفسی: :بیرون کشیدن مایع از حفره ی قفسه ی سینه Residual body pneodynamics Thoracocentesis

دستگاه ظرفیت سنج ریه: وسیله ای جهت ثبت حرکات قفسه ی سینه: pulmometer
pneumatograph

asphyxia: the condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function
aspiration pneumonia: can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs

antitussive: administered to prevent or relieve coughing (cough medicine)
asbestosis: the form of pneumoconios caused by asbestos particles in the lungs

allergic rhinitis: an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus
anthracosis: the form of pneumoconios caused by coal dust in the lungs; also known as black lung disease

Ronchi: Course rattlin sound somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretion in a bronchial airway Wheezing: A continuous, course, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing.

Mesothelioma: A usually malignant tumor of mesothelial tissue, especially that of pleura or peritoneum. Pleural effusion: The seeping of serous, purulent, or bloody fluid into a body cavity or tissue

Emphisema: A pathological condition of the lungs marked by an abnormal increase in the size of the air spaces, resulting in labored breathing and an increased susceptibility to infection. It can be caused by irreversable expansion of the alveoli or by the destruction of the alveolar walls.

Pulmonaryfibrosis: scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lung Sarcoidosis: Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules or tubercules develop in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.

Mesothelioma: A usually malignant tumor of mesothelial tissue, especially that of pleura or peritoneum. Pleural effusion: The seeping of serous, purulent, or bloody fluid into a body cavity or tissue

collapsed lung: a lung that is unable to expand to receive air due to a pneumothorax or atelectasis
croup: an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough

byssinosis: caused by inhaling cotton dust into the lungs and usually occurs after working in a textile factory Cheyne-Stokes respiration: a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea

senses

Suffixes pertaining to the senses
esthesia algesia -osmia - geusia Meaning Sensation Pain Sense of smell Sense of taste Example Cryesthesia Hypalgesia Pseudoosmia Parageusia Definition of Example Sensitivity to cold Decreased sensitivity to pain False sense of smell Abnormal sense of taste

Roots ear Audi\o Audiologist Audiometry Audianalgesia Audiogenic
Audiogram Hearing A person skilled in audiology Measurement of hearing Alleged reduction or abolition of pain accomplished by listening produced by sound a record of the thresholds of hearing of an individual for various sound frequencies

Roots ear Acous Acoustic Pertaining to sound or hearing Dysacousis
Echoacousia Otoacoustic Statoacoustic Sound, hearing Pertaining to sound or hearing Any impairment of hearing involving difficulty in processing details of sound as opposed to any loss of sensitivity to sound The subjective experience of hearing echoes after normally heard sounds Referring to the emission of very faint sounds produced by the ear; thought to represent mechanical vibrations in the cochlea Relating to balance and hearing

Roots ear Ot\o Ear Ototoxic Poisonous or harmful to the ear Otodynia
Otogenic Otology Otopathy Otoscopy Otorrhea Otoplasty Ear Poisonous or harmful to the ear Earache Of otic origin That branch of medicine which deals with the medical treatment and surgery of the ear Any disease of the ear Examination of the ear by means of the otoscope A discharge from the ear Plastic surgery of the ear

Roots ear Myring\o Myringotome Myringodermatitis Myringoplasty
Myringosclerosis Tympanic membrane Knife used for surgery on the eardrum Inflammation of the outer layer of the membrana tympani, with the formation of the blebs Surgical restoration of a perforated tympanic membrane by grafting Formation of dense connective tissue in the tympanic membrane, not usually associated with hearing loss

Roots ear Tympan\o Tympanometry Tympanectomy Tympanotomy Tympanoplasty
Tympanogram tympanocentesis Tympanic cavity ( middle ear ), tympanic membrane Measurement of the transmission through the tympanic membrane and middle ear Excision of the tympanic membrane Surgical opening of the middle ear Operative correction of a damaged middle ear The printout of immittance showing the stiffness or the compliance of the middle ear structures as it varies with changes in pressure within the external auditory canal Puncture of the tympanic membrane with a needle to aspirate middle ear fluid

Roots ear Salping\o Salpingosopy Endosalpingitis Tube, eustachian tube
Salpingopharyngeal Endosalpingitis Tube, eustachian tube Endoscopic examination of the eustachian tube Related to the auditory tube and pharynx Inflammation of the lining membrane of the eustachian tube

Roots ear Staped\o , stapedi\o Stapedoplasty Stapedectomy Stapedial
Stapedotomy Stapediovestibular suprastapedial Stapes Plastic repair of the stapes Excision of the stapes Relating to the stapes Surgical creation of the small opening in the footplate of the stapes Pertaining to the stapes and vestibule Above the stapes

Roots ear Labyrinth\o Labyrinthitis Labyrinthine
Labyrinthectomy Labyrinthotomy Labyrinthine Labyrinth ( inner ear ) Inflammation of the inner ear Excision of the labyrinth of the ear Surgical incision into the labyrinth Relating to any labyrinth or taking such form

Roots ear Vestibul\o Vestibulotomy Vestibular Vestibulopathy
Vestibulocochlear Vestibulopathy Vestibule, vestibular apparatus Incision of the vestibule of the inner ear Relating to the vestibule, especially the vestibule of the ear Relating to the vestibule and cochlea of the ear Any abnormality of the vestibular apparatus

Roots ear Cochle\o Retrocochlear Cochleitis Cochleotopic
Sacculocochlear electrocochleogram Cochlea of inner ear Beyond the cochlea Inflammation of the cochlea Referring to the frequency-responsive organization of the central auditory pathways in the brain Relating to the sacculus and the membranous cochlea The record obtained by the electrocochleography

Suffixes for the Eye and Vision
-opsia -opia Meaning Vision Eye, vision Definition of Example Unequal vision in the two eyes Blidness in half the visual field Example Heteropsia hemianopia

Roots for external eye structure
Blephar\o Synblepharo Blepharitis Blepharedema Blepharoplasty blepharospasm Eyelid Adhesion of the eyelid to the eyeball Inflammation of the eyelids Edema of the eyelids Any operation for the correction of a defect in the eyelids Involuntary spasmodic contraction of the orbicularis

Palpebr\o Palpebral Palpebrate interpalpebral Eyelid Pertaining to an eyelid Having eyelids, to wink Between to eyelids

Dacry\o Dacryorrhea Dacryoadenitis Dacryoma Dacryostenosis dacryolith Tear, lacrimal apparatus Discharge from the lacrimal apparatus Inflammation of the lacrimal gland A tumor-like swelling caused by obstruction of the lacrimal duct Stricture of the lacrimal duct A concretion in the lacrimal apparatus

Dacryocyst\o Dacryocystocele Dacryocystalgia Dacryocystectomy Dacrycystitis dacryocystitome Lacrimal sac Hernial protrusion of the lacrimal sac Pain in the lacrimal sac Excision of the wall of the lacrimal sac Inflammation of the lacrimal sac An instrument for incising strictures of the lacrimal duct

Lacrim\o Lacrimation Lacrimatory Lacrimotomy Nasolacrimal Tear , lacrimal apparatus Secretion of tears Causing lacrimation Incision of the lacrimal sac or duct Relating to the nasal and lacrimal bones

Roots for the eye and vision
Opt\o Optometer Optomeninx Optomyometer Eye, vision Instrument for measuring the refractive power of the eye Retina An instrument for determining the relative power of the extrinsic muscle of the eye

Ocul\o Sinistrocular Alternocular Oculomotor Oculopathy oculodynia Eye Pertaining to the left eye Denoting the use of each eye separately instead of binocularly Pertaining to or effecting movements of the eye Ophthalmopathy Pain in the eyeball

Ophthalm\o Exophthalmos Ophthalmodynia Microphthalmos Ophthalmolith Ophthalmology Ophthalmopathy ophthalmoscope Eye Protrusion of the eyeball Ophthalmoalgia Abnormal smallness of the eye A concretion in the lacrimal apparatus The medical specialty concerned with the eyes , its disease and refractive errors Any disease of the eyes A device for studying the interior of the eyeball through the pupil

Scler\o Episcleritis Scleroiritis Scleractasia Sclerophthalmia Sclerostomy sclerokeratitis Sclera Inflammation of the tissue on the surface of the sclera Inflammation of both sclera and iris Localized bulging of the sclera An abnormality in which most of the normally transparent cornea resembles the opaque sclera Surgical perforation of the sclera, as for the relief of glaucoma Inflammation of the sclera and cornea

Corne\o Cercumcornea Entocornea Corneobleoharon Pericorneal Ectocornea iridocorneal Cornea Around the cornea Posterior limiting of the cornea Adhesion of the eyelid margin to the cornea Surrounding the cornea The outer layer of the cornea Related to the iris and the cornea

Kerat\o Keratoplasty Keratitis Keratography Dyskeratosis Keratoectasia keratoleptynsis Cornea Plastic repair of the cornea Inflammation of the cornea A record or portrayal of the cornea Epidermalization of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium A bulging forward the cornea An operation for removing the surface of the cornea and replacement by bulbar conjunctiva for cosmetic reasons

Lent\i Lentiform Lenticular Lentiglobus lenticonus Lens Resembling a lens Of the shape of a lentil Rare congenital anomaly with a spheroid elevation on the posterior surface of the lens of the eye Conical projection of the anterior or posterior surface of the lens of the eye, occurring as a developmental anomaly

Lens Absence of a lens Operative breaking down and removal of the lens Hernia of the lens of the eye through the sclera An instrument comprising a dark chamber for observing the changes in the lens during accommodation Rarely used term for surgical removal of a portion of the capsule of the lens of the eye A hamartoma found in phacomatosis; often refers to a retinal hamartoma in tuberous sclerosis Phak\o , Phac\o Aphakia Phacolysis Phacocele Phacoscope Phacocystectomy phacoma

Uve\o Uveal Uveoscleritis Uveatidis uveocutaneous Uvea Pertaining to the uvea Inflammation of the sclera involved by extension from the uvea Plural of uveitis Pertaining to the uvea and the skin

Chori\o, choroid\o Subchoroidal Choroiditis Choroidipathy Choroidosis Choroideremia Perichoroidal chorioretinal Choroid Below the choroid Inflammation of the choroid Noninflammatory degeneration of the choroid Another term for choroidopathy Progressive degeneration of the choroid in males Surrounding the choroid coat of the eye Relating to the choroid coat of the eye and the retina

Cycl\o Cycloplegic Cyclectomy Cyclitis Cycloduction Cyclodialysis cyclotomy Ciliary body, ciliary muscle Pertaining to or causing paralysis of the ciliary muscle Excision of a portion of the ciliary body Inflammation of the ciliary body Rotation of the eye around its visual axis Establishment of a communication between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma Operation of cutting the ciliary muscle

Ir, irit\o, irid\o Iridoschisis Iridocele Iridodilator Iridotomy Iridopathy iridomalacia Iris Splitting of the iris Herniation of a portion of the iris through a corneal defect Causing dilation of the pupil; applied to the musculus dilator pupillae Transverse division of some of the fibers of the iris, forming an artificial pupil Pathologic lesions in the iris Degenerative softening of the iris

Pupill\o Iridopupillary Pupillography Pupillometer Pupillomotor Pupil Pertaining to the iris and the pupil The recording of pupillary reactions An instrument for measuring and recording the diameter of the pupil Relating to the autonomic nerve fibers that supply the smooth muscle of the iris

Retin\o Retinoscopy Retinopathy Retinoid Retinopexy Retinotomy retinopapillitis Retina Examination of the retina Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the retina Resembling the retina A procedure to repair a detached retina by holding it in place; by producing chorioretinal adhesions by freezing A surgical incision through the retina Inflammation of the retina extending to the optic disc

In the name of God

Medical terminology Of urinary system

kidneys 1-cortex لایه خارجی یا قشری
2-pyramid(medulla) (میانی)قسمت داخلی -nephrons مویرگ ها و سلول های کلیه

Nephr/o : kidney ( کلیه)
Nephroma: tumor of the kidney (تومور کلیه) Nephrorrhagia: hemorrhage from the kidney (خون ریزی کلیه)

Nephromegaly: enlargement of the kidney (بزرگی کلیه)
Nephropexy: fixation of the kidney (ثابت کردن کلیه)

Nephroptosis: drooping of the kidney (افتادگی کلیه)
Nephrorrhaphy;: suture of the kidney ( بخیه زدن کلیه) Nephrolysis: break down the kidney (تخریب کلیه )

Nephrolithiasis: formation of the stone in the kidney

Nephrotic syndroma:syndrom related to kidney
(سندروم مربوط به کلیه) Nephrotuberculosis:renal disease to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.(سل کلیه)

Nephrology: the branch of medical science that deals with the kidneys
Nephrology: the branch of medical science that deals with the kidneys.(کلیه شناسی) Nephropathy: disease of the kidneys.(بیماری کلیه ها)

Ren/o :kidney کلیه Renography: radiography of the kidney
Renopathy: nephropathy Renoprival: lack of kidney function (فقدان عملکرد کلیه)

Nephron The functional unit inside the kidney. They filter
wastes from the blood and retain water and need materials.

The Structure Of The Nephron

glomerulus: The glomerulus is a microscopic ball of blood vessels
inside the bowman's capsule which forces nutrients out of glomerulus into Bowman's capsule during urine formation. Pressure filtration occurs here.

Glomerul/o :Glomerulus (گلومرول)
Glomerulopathy: any diseas of the renal glomeruli (بیماری گلومرول) Glomerulosclerosis: fibrosis and scarring which resulting senescence of the renal glomeruli (گرفتگی گلومرول)

Glomerulonephritis: a variety of nephritis
charecterized by inflammation of the capillary loops in the glomeruli of the kidney ( التهاب نفرون و گلومرول های کلیوی)

Glomerulitis: inflammation of the glomeruli of the
kidney (التهاب گلومرول) Juxta Glomerular:near of the glomeruli(نزدیک گلومرول)

peritubular capillary network:
Capillary network that surrounds the nephrons. They used concentration gradients to absorb water as well as nutrients from the Nephron.

collecting duct: The location where urine flows
through to get to renal pelvis. ADH results in increased water reabsorption from the urine, thus causing urine to be very concentrated.

proximal and distal convoluted tubules:
between Bowman's capsule and loop of Henle. Specialized to allow selective reabsorption of nutrient molecules and other specific components of the filtrate

afferent and efferent arterioles:
the Afferent arterioles supply blood supply to individual nephrons. They also carry blood to glomerulus of nephron.

The Efferent arterioles carry blood from the
glomerulus into another capillary network called peritubular network.

Bowman's capsule: Cup like end of nephron where wastes are forced out of blood and into the nephron. Blood enters glomerulus.

loop of Henle: located between the proximal and distal convoluted
tubules. At the loop of Henle water and salts are reabsorbed into the surrounding peritubular capillary network.

Pyel/o (لگنچه) Pyelovenous: (لگنچه سیاهرگی)
pertaining to the renal pelvis and renal veins Pyelostomy: surgical for opening in to the renal pelvis ( ایجاد منفذ درون لگنچه کلیه)

Pyelolithotomy : incision of the renal pelvis for removal of the stone( برش دادن لگنچه جهت خارج کردن سنگ) Pyelography:radiography of the renal pelvis and ureter Pyeloplasty: plastic repair of the renal pelvis

Calic/o .Cali/o: calix (کالیس)
Caliectasis: dilatation of a calix of the kidney (انبساط کالیس کلیوی)

Ureter/o: (حالب/میزنای)
Ureteralgia: pain in the ureter (درد حالب) Ureteritis: inflammation of the ureter (التهاب حالب)

Ureteropyelitis: inflammation of the pelvis of a kidney and ureters
Uretrocele: sacculation of the terminal portion of the ureter in to the urinary bladder ( فتق حالب)

Uretrorrhaphy: the operation of the suturing the ureter for fistula (بخیه زدن حالب)
Ureterolithomy: removal of a stone lodged in a ureter. (بریدن حالب برای خارج کردن سنگ)

Urethr/o :) urethra پیشابراه)
Urethrocele: prolapse of the female urethra ( فتق پیشابراه) Urethrocystitis: inflammation of the urethra and bladder ( التهاب پیشابراه و مثانه)

Urethrodynia: urethroalgia
pain in the urethra (درد پیشابراه) Urethrorrhea: abnormal discharge from the urethra (ترشح غیر طبیعی پیشابراه)

Urethrostenosis: constriction of the urethra
(تنگ شدگی پیشابراه) Urethrorrhagia : flow of blood from the urethra خونریزی پیشابراه) )

Urethritis:the inflammation of the urethra
(التهاب پیشابراه) Urethrectomy: excision of the urethra or a part of it.(برداشتن پیشابراه)

Uro : urine ) ادرار) Urodynia: pain accompanying urination
( درد هنگام دفع ادرار) Urogenous: producing urine ( ادرار زا) Urolithiasis: the formation of the urinary calculi (تشکیل سنگ ادرار)

Uropathy: any pathologic change in the urinary tract بیماریهای دستگاه ادراری))
Uropoiesis: the production of the urine تشکیل ادرار) ) Urochezia: the discharge of urine in the feces. (دفع ادرار به داخل مدفوع)

Urin/o:Urin ( ادرار) Urinoma: a cyst containing urine.(کیست حاوی ادرار) Urinometer: an instrument for determining the specific gravity of urine (ادرار سنج)

Cysto : bladder (مثانه)
Cystoalgia: pain in the bladder درد مثانه)) Cystetasia : dilatation of the bladder ((کشیدگی مثانه

Cystocele:the hernia of the bladder(فتق مثانه)
Cystography: radiography of the urinary bladder. (پرتو نگاری از مثانه)

Cystorrhaphy:suture of the bladder.(بخیه زدن مثانه)
Cystoplegia: paralysis of the bladder.(فلج مثانه) Cystoptosis: prolapse of part of the inner bladder in the urethra.(افتادگی مثانه)

vesica : bladder (مثانه)
Vesicotomy : the fomation of an openinig in to the bladder ) برش مثانه ) Vesicocervical : ) (مثانه ای-گردنی

Vesicouterine:(مربوط به مثانه و رحم)
Vesicostomy: the formation of an opening in to the bladder.(مثانه گشایی)

Dips/o : ( تشنگی / نوشیدن)
Dipsogen: an agent or measure that induces thirst and promote the ingestion of the fluids ماده ای که باعث تشنگی میشود) ) Dipsosis: morbid thirst (تشنگی بیش از حد )

Hydro/o : water(آب) Hydronephrosis: abnormal condition involving back
up of urine in to the kidney Hydro ureter: اتساع حالب به وسیله مایع

اختصارات کلیه و مجاری ادرار
ADH: ANTI DURETIC HORMONE هورمون ضد ادرار ALB: ALBUMINآلبومین

Enuresis: is involuntary urination while asleep after th
e age at which bladder control usually occurs.(شب ادراری) Incontinence: involuntary discharge or evacuation of urine(بی اختیاری ادراری) Polyuria:the production of an abnormally large amount of urine(ادرار زیاد) Diuresis:excessive urination (ادرار زیاد)

ARF: Acute Renal Failure نارسایی حاد کلیه
BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogenنیتروژن اوره خون

CRF:Chronic Renal Failureنارسایی مزمن کلیه
ESRD: End Stage Renal Diseaseبیماری کلیه در مراحل انتهایی

ESWL:Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
( خردکردن سنگ با موج شوکی خارج بدنی) GFR:Glomerular Filtration Rate (میزان فیلتراسیون گلومرولی)

GU:Genito Urinary ادراری تناسلی
IVP:Intra Venous Pylography پیلو گرافی داخل وریدی

IVU:Intra Venous Urogheraphy (یوروگرافی داخل وریدی)
SUI:Stress Urinary Incontinence (عدم کنترل ادرار ناشی از استرس (

UA:Urin Alysis (تجزیه ی ادرار) UTI:Urinary Tract Infection ( (عفونت مجرای ادراری

PKD: Poly Cystic Kidney Disease بیماری کلیه پلی سیستیک
The kidneys contain masses of cysts. Typically polycystic kidneys weight 20 times more than their usual weight.

Renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

بار خدایا... از کوی تو بیرون نرود پای خیالم،نکند فرق به حالم
چه برانی،چه بخوانی،چه به اوجم برسانی،چه به خاکم بنشانی نه من آنم که برنجم،نه توآنی که برانی

تهییه کنندگان: زهرا امیری سرور اورنگی سمانه السادات حدیقه شبنم شریعت مریم قائدیان فرناز موسوی

Cardiovascular system

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Cardiovascular system

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