1. Hydraulic , Pneumatic and Electrical Telemetry Systems
ZANKHANA MEHTA

2. Hydraulic Telemetry System

3. What is fluid power?
Fluid power is the use of fluids under pressure to generate, control, and transmit power.
Fluid power is subdivided into hydraulics using a liquid such as mineral oil or water, and pneumatics using a gas such as air or other gases

4. ADVANTAGES OF FLUID POWER
safety in hazardous environments because they are inherently spark-free and can tolerate high temperatures.
force or torque can be held constant — this is unique to fluid power transmission
high torque at low speed — unlike electric motors, pneumatic and hydraulic motors can produce high torque while operating at low rotational speeds. Some fluid power motors can even maintain torque at zero speed without overheating
pressurized fluids can be transmitted over long distances and through complex machine configurations with only a small loss in power
multi-functional control — a single hydraulic pump or air compressor can provide power to many cylinders, motors, or other actuators
elimination of complicated mechanical trains of gears, chains, belts, cams, and linkages
motion can be almost instantly reversed

5. TYPES OF HYDRAULIC FLUIDS:
Petroleum based Fluid
Synthetic Fluid
Water based FLuid

6. Petroleum based Fluid
Petroleum-based or mineral-based fluids are the most widely used fluids today.
The properties of a mineral-based fluid depend on the additives used, the quality of the original crude oil and the refining process
Additives in a mineral-based fluid offer a range of specific performance characteristics.

7. Synthetic Fluid
Synthetic fluids are man-made lubricants and many offer excellent lubrication characteristics in high- pressure and high- temperature systems.
Some of the advantages of synthetic fluids may include fire-resistance ,lower friction, and thermal stability.
The disadvantage to these types of fluids is that they are usually more expensive than conventional fluids, they may be slightly toxic and require special disposal, and they are often not compatible with standard seal materials.

8. Water based FLuid
Water-based fluids are used for fire-resistance due to their high-water content.
Water-based fluids can provide suitable lubrication characteristics but need to be monitored closely to avoid problems.
Because water-based fluids are used in applications when fire resistance is needed, these systems and the atmosphere around the systems can be hot. Elevated temperatures cause the water in the fluids to evaporate, which causes the viscosity to rise.
Occasionally, distilled water will have to be added to the system to correct the balance of the fluid.
Whenever these fluids are used, several system components must be checked for compatibility, including pumps, filters, plumbing, fittings and seal materials.
Water-based fluids can be more expensive than conventional petroleum-based fluids and have other disadvantages (for example, lower wear resistance) that must be weighed against the advantage of fire-resistance.

9. Components used in Hydraulic Transmissions
Reservoir,
Strainers,
Filters,
Hydraulic Pumps- Centrifugal, reciprocating and Rotary
Lines -Types of tubes and pipes, fittings and connectors for impulse line tubing,
Sealing Devices
Direction Control Valve

10. Reservoir
The purpose of the hydraulic reservoir is to hold a volume of fluid, transfer heat from the system, allow solid contaminants to settle and facilitate the release of air and moisture from the fluid.

11. STRAINERS:
Strainers are used primarily to catch only very large particles and will be found in applications where  this  type  of  protection  is  required.
 Most hydraulic  systems  have  a  strainer  in  the  reservoir at  the  inlet  to  the  suction  line  of  the  pump.

12. Filters
The   most   common   device   install ed   in hydraulic  systems  to  prevent  foreig n  particles  and contamination from remaining in the system are referred to as filters.
They may be located in the reservoir, in the return line, in the pressure line, or in any other location in the system where the designer of the system decides they are needed to safeguard the system against impurities.

13. Hydraulic Pumps
The purpose of a hydraulic pump is to supply a flow of fluid to a hydraulic system.
The pump does not create system pressure, since pressure can be created only by a resistance to the flow.
Three Types
Centrifugal,
reciprocating
Rotary

14. Centrifugal pump
a pump that uses an impeller to move water or other fluids.

15. Reciprocating pump
The term  reciprocating  is  defined  as  back-and-forth motion.

16. Rotary Pump
All  rotary  pumps  have  rotating  parts  which trap the fluid at the inlet (suction) port and force it  through  the  discharge  port  into  the
  system

17. Lines The three types of lines used in systems pipe (rigid), tube
hose  (flexible).

18. Sealing Devices
Packing device is to prevent  system’s external  leakage

19. DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE
Directional   control   valves   are   designed   to direct the flow of fluid, at the desired time, to the point  in  a  fluid  power  system  
where  it  will  do work

20. Accumulators
An  accumulator  is  a  pressure  storage  reservoir in which hydraulic fluid is stored under pressure from  an  external  source.  
The  storage  of  fluid under  pressure  serves  several  purpos es  in  hydraulic systems.
In some hydraulic systems it is necessary to maintain  the  system  pressure  within  a  specific pressure range for long periods of time

21. Types of Accumulator Piston type Bag or bladder type
 Direct-contact  gas-to-fluid  type
 Diaphragm  type

22. PISTON-TYPE ACCUMULATORS
Piston-type   accumulators   consist   of   a cylindrical body called a barrel, closures on each end  called  heads,  and  an  internal  piston

23. BLADDER-TYPE ACCUMULATORS
Bladder- or bag-type accumulators consist of a shell or case with a flexible bladder inside the shell

24. DIRECT-CONTACT GAS-TO-FLUID ACCUMULATORS:
Direct-contact  gas-to-fluid  accumulators generally are used in very large installations where it  would  be  very  expensive  to  require  a  piston-or   bladder- type   accumulator

25. DIAPHRAGM TYPE ACCUMULATOR
The   diaphragm- type   accumulator   is   constructed in two halves which are either screwed or bolted together.
A synthetic rubber diaphragm is  installed  between  both  halves,  making  two chambers

26. Pneumatic Telemetry system

27. Components of Pneumatic Telemetry system:
Receiver tank,
Strainers,
Filters
Compressor - Centrifugal, reciprocating and Rotary
Lines -Types of Tubes and Pipes Fittings and connectors for Impulse Line tubing,
Sealing Devices
Junction boxes, Enclosures, clamps-P- U type, Numbering / Tagging system
Direction Control Valve - Types

28. Receiver tank
A tank in a pneumatic system, located close to the compressor, that stores and assists in conditioning compressed air

29. Strainers,
Strainers are used primarily to catch only very large particles and will be found in applications where  this  type  of  protection  is  required

30. Filters
The compressors breathe the air from the atmosphere which is finally compressed.
The air entering the compressor may carry dirt and dust with it.
If the dirt and dust are not prevented they may scratch the tightly fitted components.

31. Compressor
A compressor is a machine that compresses air or another type of gas from a low inlet pressure (usually atmospheric) to a higher desired pressure level

32. Types of Compressor
Centrifugal
Reciprocating
Rotary

33. Centrifugal Compressor
In a centrifugal compressor, energy is transferred from a set of rotating impeller blades to the gas.
Centrifugal compressors deliver high flow capacity per unit of installed space and weight, have good reliability, and require significantly less maintenance than reciprocating compressors

34. Reciprocating Compressor
A reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive- displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure.

35. Rotary Compressor
A rotary-screw compressor is a type of gas compressor that uses a rotary-type positive-displacement mechanism.
They are commonly used to replace piston compressors where large volumes of high-pressure air are needed,

36. Lines The three types of lines used in systems pipe (rigid), tube
hose  (flexible).

37. Sealing Devices (Fittings)
Pipes and tubes are joined to other pipes and tubes or components in an installation through fittings for their leak-proof connections.
For pneumatic systems, different types of fittings are available.
Push-in-fittings are used for simple and quick assembly of pneumatic circuits

38. JUNCTION BOX
In pneumatic telemetry system, pneumatic signal output of all the transmitters located in particular area, are brought to the junction box

39. Direction Control Valve
These control the direction of flow of the compressed air.

40. ELECTRICAL TELEMETRY

41. Components of Electrical Telemetry
Cables,
Junction boxes,
Enclosures,
connectors
clamps
Numbering/ Tagging system,
Terminals Terminating types (Soldered-unsoldered (screwed , pressed, crimped )

42. Cables
There are basically two ways by which electricity is transported from generating plants to load areas.
These are by overhead transmission lines and by underground cables.
Overhead transmission is more favoured for economic reasons

43. Junction boxes
An electrical junction box is a container for electrical connections.
junction boxes made from metal or plastic. junction box may be buried in the plaster of a wall, concealed behind an access panel or cast into concrete with only the lid showing.
It sometimes includes terminals for joining wires

44. Enclosures
An electrical enclosure is a cabinet for electrical or electronic equipment to mount switches, knobs and displays and to prevent electrical shock to equipment users and protect the contents from the environment

45. connectors
An electrical connector is an electro-mechanical device for joining electrical circuits as an interface using a mechanical assembly

46. clamps
In electrical telemetry clamp or probe is an electrical device having two jaws which open to allow clamping around an electrical conductor.

47. Numbering/ Tagging system,

48. TERMINALS
A terminal is the point at which a conductor from an electrical component, device or network comes to an end and provides a point of connection to external circuits.

49. Thank You!!!!