1. Weather Ms. Susinno intro: Weather instruments, Temperature Clouds
Dewpoint
Relative humidity
Ms. Susinno

2. Weather: The daily conditions of the troposphere in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, and moisture.
Weather Variables:

3. Weather Station Model
Sometimes weather maps have the weather variables recorded on weather station models.

4. Weather Instruments: 8. 1.________________________
2.________________________
3.________________________
4.________________________
5.________________________
6.________________________
7.________________________
8.________________________

5. The most effective tool to detect precipitation is radar
The most effective tool to detect precipitation is radar. Radar, which stands for RAdio Detection And Ranging, has been utilized to detect precipitation, and especially thunderstorms, since the 1940's. Radar enhancements have enabled NWS forecasters to examine storms with more precision.
The radar used by the National Weather Service is called the WSR-88D, which stands for Weather Surveillance Radar Doppler (the prototype radar was built in 1988). As its name suggests, the WSR-88D is a Doppler radar, meaning it can detect motions toward or away from the radar as well as the location of precipitation areas.
This ability to detect motion has greatly improved the meteorologists’ ability to peer inside thunderstorms and determine if there is rotation in the cloud, often a precursor to the development of tornadoes.
There are 155 WSR-88D Doppler radar in the nation, including the U.S. Territory of Guam and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, operated by the National Weather Service and the Department of Defense.

6. WHY?

7. TEMPERATURE
Base your answer on the temperature field map below. The map shows temperature readings (°C) recorded by students in a science classroom. The readings were taken at the same time at floor level. Temperature readings for points A and B are labeled on the map.
Draw the 18°C, 20°C, and 22°C isotherms
2. Find the temperature gradient between A and B?

8. Base your answer on the weather map below, which shows temperature readings at weather stations in the continental United States.
On the weather map provided on your answer paper, draw three isotherms: the 40°F isotherm, the 50°F isotherm, and the 60°F isotherm.

9. TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
But don’t worry...
You have a
HANDY DANDY ESRT!

10. Clouds

12. Cirrus

13. Cirrostratus

14. Cirrocumulus

15. Altocumulus

16. Altostratus

17. STRATUS

18. Nimbostratus

19. Cumulus

20. Cumulonimbus

23. What the hail? 

24. Cloud Prefixes Nimbo- precipitation Cirro- very high-level clouds
Alto-mid-level
Stratus- low level

27. DEWPOINT
the temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled, at constant barometric pressure, for water vapor to condense into water. The condensed water is called dew. The dewpoint is a saturation point.
As altitude increases,
temperature _________
Air temp = dewpoint

29. This means that the air must be cooled to 12ºC
The Dewpoint is 12ºC
This means that the air must be cooled to 12ºC
for condensation to occur.
Sling psychrometer

30. Expansion cooler or adiabatic cooling
Molecules further apart= less vibration
Temperature = average kinetic energy
cooler
Remember?
Molecules closer together= more vibration
Temperature = average kinetic energy warmer

31. Let’s do the CLOUD DANCE!!!

32. Warm moist air rises
Density
Air temperature

33. Expands and cools (adiabatically)

34. The air temperature meets the dewpoint

35. Condensation happens… on condensation nuclei

36. And when they get heavy enough, they fall.

37. Take a bow.

38. Humidity As humidity increases, density of the air ______________
The amount of water vapor in the air.
As humidity increases, density of the air ______________
As humidity increases, evaporation __________________

39. RH%= How humid the air FEELS
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Relative humidity is the percent of water vapor in the air compared to how much the air can hold.
Metaphorically speaking, warmer air can “hold” more water vapor.
Dewpoint is a measure of how much water vapor is actually in the air.
RH%= How humid the air FEELS
Meteorologist’s view of how this is a very broad generalization:

40. 19 ºC

43. Which weather station has the highest relative humidity?
What is your evidence? B A

44. CLOUD BASE

46. Next up...
Air Pressure
Winds
Weather Station Model
Air Masses
Fronts.