1. The student will analyze the age of revolutions and rebellions.
SSWH14
The student will analyze the age of revolutions and rebellions.

2. ABSOLUTISM:
Form of government where the monarch (king/queen) has complete power over all aspects of society
Divine Right
The idea that a ruler is given authority to rule from God and answers only to God.

3. Built the strongest army in Europe
Louis xiv (France):
King of France
Nicknamed the “Sun King” because it seemed as if the world revolved around him.
No decision could be made without his approval.
Built the strongest army in Europe
Uses it against his own citizens if they question him.

4. Louis xiv (France): Vast majority of people in France were peasants
Performed many odd jobs
Lived hard & simple lives
Forced to pay heavy taxes to support the nobles’ wealthy lifestyles
Caused a lot of tension

5. Versailles Louis’s palace located near Paris.
Louis xiv (France):
Versailles
Louis’s palace located near Paris.
Most expensive and elaborate building in Europe at the time
Symbol of Louis XIV’s wealth and power.

11. Peter the great (Russia):
Tsar of Russia
Ruled with Absolute power (most autocratic)
Expanded Russia’s borders by using a strong
military
St. Petersburg became his Versailles
Westernization
Brought Europeans to Russia to bring Western ideas, technology, & culture
Purpose was to help Russia compete with the other European countries.

12. Peter the great (Russia):
Control methods:
*Brought Russian Orthodox Church under his power
*made men shave their beards
*made nobles wear Western clothing
*strengthened serfdom (status of peasants under feudalism)

13. Shogun of Japan from 1603-1616 (Tokugawa Shogunate)
Tokugawa ieyasu:
Shogun of Japan from (Tokugawa Shogunate)
Unified Japan under one government, ending feudalism.
Had absolute power by controlling the activities of nobles
Required nobles to live in the capital city every other year

14. Revolutions & rebellions:
English civil war latin American revolution
American revolution opium war
French revolution taiping rebellion
Haitian revolution

15. English civil war: CHARLES I: Became King of England in 1625
Parliament
Legislature in England
Made up of nobles and middle class from all over England
Even though the King had absolute power, Parliament controlled the country’s money
CHARLES I:
Became King of England in 1625
Continually asked Parliament for money.
Parliament gave it to him, but he had to promise not to ask for any more.
In 1640, he again asked for money for a war with Scotland
Parliament refused

16. ENGLISH CIVIL WAR:
Supporters of Parliament and supporters of the King went to war to answer this question
Parliament’s forces were led by Oliver Cromwell
In 1649 Charles I was captured and executed.
England goes without a monarch for a few years and then realize they don’t like it.
When they bring back the monarchy, they pass a law limiting the monarch’s power.
Establish a Constitutional Monarchy
In 1707, England, Scotland, Wales, and N. Ireland joined together to form Great Britain.

17. AMERICAN REVOLUTION (1776):
Great Britain’s colonies in North America objected to taxes that GB was trying to pass.
In 1776, the Americans wrote the Declaration of Independence saying that they were no longer under British rule.
GB went to war trying to hold on to its colonies.
The Americans won the war and established the United States of America in 1783.

18. Louis XVI Estates Estates-General French revolution (1789):
King of France
Estates
3 Divisions of French society
1st Estate…clergy
2nd Estate…nobles
3rd Estate…everybody else (97% of population)
Estates-General
Legislative Body in France
Made up of representatives of the three estates
Any new taxes had to be approved by the EG

19. 1789-1799 was a time of disorder and panic in France
French revolution:
CAUSES:
France was in a lot of debt
Louis XVI wanted to impose new taxes to pay the debts
The 3rd Estate tried to prevent this, but was ignored.
National Assembly
Representatives of the 3rd Estate decide to revolt and form a new government for France.
REVOLUTION:
was a time of disorder and panic in France
Mob violence, mass murders, and riots were common
1793: Louis XVI is executed
Reign of Terror
Revolutionaries take over the government and have anyone who they suspect is against the Revolution killed

20. http://www. biography. com/people/marie-antoinette-9398996 https://www

21. Military officer who takes over the French gov’t in 1799.
NAPOLEON:
Military officer who takes over the French gov’t in 1799.
Held absolute power, but had the full support of the French people
Brought stability to France

22. New code of laws established by Napoleon for his entire Empire.
NAPOLEONIC CODE:
New code of laws established by Napoleon for his entire Empire.
Based on Enlightenment principles
Equality of everyone in the law
Religious toleration
Innocent until proven guilty
Valued order and authority over individual rights

23. Conquered several European countries
NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE:
Conquered several European countries
Only Great Britain was able to defend itself from France
In 1812, Napoleon tried to invade Russia
Winter forced him to retreat

24. Waterloo Congress of Vienna NAPOLEON’S FALL:
Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia join together and defeat Napoleon
Congress of Vienna
European leaders met in Vienna, Austria to restore order to Europe
Gave land and power back to the people who had it before Napoleon
Balance of power
European nations vowed to stay as equal as possible

26. HAITIAN REVOLUTION (1791):
1802: Napoleon sent troops to retake Haiti
1803: yellow fever destroyed French army, forced to surrender
Jan. 1804: Haiti declares its independence
Used American and French Revolution ideas to start a slave revolt in Haiti
Haiti: ruled by the French
Main crop: sugar plantations ran by French plantation owners & worked by Haitian slaves
Revolt led by Toussant L’Ouverture (slave)
1798: rebels won, slavery was abolished

27. Latin American revolutions (1808-1825):
, countries in Latin America began to one-by-one revolt and overthrow their European leaders
Simon Bolivar
“The Liberator”
Helped Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia gain independence from Spain
Wanted to unite all of S. America under one gov’t, but failed.

28. Isolation in east asia:
Both Japan and China wanted to isolate themselves from Western powers
They did not want westerners coming in and messing with their culture
Western nations wanted to trade with Japan and China

29. Opium war: Great Britain asks China to trade with them.
China refuses
Great Britain starts secretly trading Opium into China in exchange for tea
The Chinese gov’t tells GB to stop, but they don’t.
Chinese get addicted & sell silver to pay for drug
1839: Britain & China go to war
China was easily defeated b/c of outdated weapons
Unequal Treaties
Forced China to trade with Britain
China lost territory to Britain
Christian missionaries were allowed in to China
of-all-of-us/videos/opium-in-china#opium-in-china

30. Taiping rebellion:
Peasants in China felt that the Qing gov’t was not taking care of them and wanted to overthrow them.
(peasant revolt)
Qing gov’t won
20-30 million people died
Deadliest civil war in world history

31. Japan: Japan: isolated for 200 years 1853: Commodore Matthew Perry
US military officer who brought US warships to Japan to force Japan to trade with US
Japan couldn’t compete with US, so they agreed.
Japan was forced to sign Unequal Treaties similar to those signed by China