1. Hispanics/Latina/os in America
SW 840

2. Non-Hispanic Whites
 Are people in the United States, as defined by the Census Bureau, who are of the White race (Eurocentric) and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity.
Non-Hispanic Whites are a subset of White Americans, the other being White Hispanic and Latino Americans

3. Explore the experience and identity of Latinos in the United States.
Latinos "very often don't share language, don't share class circumstances, don't share education
Hispanic or Latino origin means a person identifies himself in one of four listed categories: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban or "other Spanish”

4.  54 percent said they identify in terms of their or their parents' country of origin. 25 percent choose "Latino" or "Hispanic," and 21 percent chose "American." 
"That's the way you call our people," Susana Clar, 52. She and her family emigrated from Uruguay nearly two decades ago, and she works as a VP in her daughter’s Utah-based communications firm.
"Either you are Latino [or] Hispanic. I'm fine with that, but I think that we are so much more than that," Clar said.

5. Cultural Competence
Start at 1minute
Stop at 9 minutes

6. OUR ROOTS EMBRACING THE DIFFERENCES BRIDGING THE GAPS
CULTURAL INFORMATION ABOUT LATINO/HISPANIC

7. 1 out of 9 Americans

8. Origin of U.S. Latino Population 2010
Mexican %
Puerto Rican %
Cuban %
Salvadoran %
Dominican %
The remainder were Central American, South American or “Other Hispanic”

11. Resident New Hampshire population: Hispanic or Latino Origin, percent, 2010 - (Percent)
County Value
Belknap 1.2
Carroll 1.0
Cheshire 1.4
Coos
Grafton 1.8
Hillsborough 5.3
Merrimack 1.6
Rockingham 2.1
Strafford 1.8
Sullivan 1.1

12. New Hampshire At a Glance
Hispanic Population - 39,000
Hispanics as Percent of State Population 3%
Median Age of Hispanics 23
Hispanics Without Health Insurance 17%
Only English Spoken at Home
16,400 (42%)
Language Other than Only English Spoken at Home
22,600 (58%)

13. In the U.S. the wealth of affluent Hispanics is growing faster than that of the general community, notes Merrill Lynch.
"The number of Hispanic households earning more than $100,000 a year grew 126% between , compared to 77% for the general American population," said Ms. Subha Barry, first vice president and head of Merrill Lynch's multicultural and diversified business development group.

14. * Ralph Alvarez, president and CEO of McDonald's Corporation.
* Jorge A. del Calvo, Partner and Board member of [[Pillsbury Foods
* Roberto Goizueta, former CEO of Coca Cola. Cuban American
* Raul J. Fernandez, entrepreneur, CEO and Chairman of ObjectVideo,
and Co-Owner of the Washington Capitals, Washington Wizards, and
Washington Mystics; Cuban-Ecuadorian American
* Maria Elena Lagomasino, former CEO of JP Morgan Private Bank
* David Martinez, managing partner of Fintech Advisory
* Arte Moreno, first Hispanic owner of a Major League Baseball club.
* George Muñoz, president of Muñoz Investment Banking Group, LLC. * Spain
Joseph A. Unanue, founder and former president of Goya Foods.

15. More than 6 in 10 Latinos in the United States say discrimination is a “major problem” for them, a significant increase in the last three years according to a survey of Latino attitudes by the Pew Hispanic Center, a nonpartisan research group.

18. Latinos and Depression
According to the WHO, depression is the most
debilitating health issue because:
It presents early in life, usually before age 25
Mental health disease represent 5 of the top 10 leading
causes of disability in the US and Canada among people 15
to 44 years of age
Leads to decreased productivity, poverty and increased
morbidity

19. 17.7% of Latinos will experience depression in their lifetimes
Mexican American females were the most likely to have experienced a major depressive episode in the previous 12 months

20. Latinas & Depression Latinas tend to present depression somatic
symptoms that are not usually recognized by culturally challenged health professionals
Other symptoms include nervousness, fatigue,
changes in dietary and sleeping patterns,
irritability, and cognitive problems

21. Latinos are less likely to receive care for
depression
Less than 1 in 11 contacts a provider
Among immigrants this number is reduced to 1 in 20
70% of Latinos who do access mental health care do not return for follow up visits

22. Latinos and Depression
Latinos are more likely to present with mental
health issues at the primary care setting
Few culturally relevant health care providers
Only 1% of APA members identified themselves as Latinos
There are only 20 Latino mental health professionals per 100,000

23. Latinos and Acculturation
Acculturation to increases
Dissonance between parents and their children
Latino children often serve as health brokers for their
families
Latino children are more likely to attend poorer schools
and experience fewer educational opportunities
Changes in psychological well-being result from
the process of adaptation to US norms and values

24. Immigrant Latinos report approximately half
of the mental health issues of their US born
counterparts
Non-immigrants, with the exception of Cubans,
experience higher rates of affective disorders,
anxiety disorders, and chemical use and
dependency
Need to identify, celebrate, and encourage
retention of the protective characteristics and
mores of immigrant Latinos while we
simultaneously prepare them for the new
demands and expectations of living as women
in the US

25. “Our Roots” / “Nuestras Raices”
Embracing the differences, Bridging the gaps.
CULTURAL INFORMATION ABOUT HISPANIC/LATINO
An informational guide for service providers: Advocates, case managers, social workers, health care providers and any other individual who work with the Hispanic/Latino Community.
Developed by Latinas who work closely with Hispanic/Latino families in this community. Dilcia Colindres (Shelter for Help in Emergency), Marcela Estay (ASG), Ivonne Lopez (RHOP), Linda Winston (VSDVAA), Florencia Aranda (SHE).

26. Objectives Recognize diversity within the Hispanic / Latino Community.
 Increase the understanding of the Hispanic / Latino Community and Culture.
 Recognize diversity within the Hispanic / Latino Community.
 Improve the relationships between service providers and Hispanic / Latino families.

27. 2. Barriers that Hispanics Families face in the US to access services.
UNDERSTANDING
Cultural Values
Respeto/ Respect
Personalismo/ Personal Space
Confianza/ Trust
Espiritismo/ Superstitions
Fatalismo / Fatalism
Religion/ Religion
Familismo / Family
2. Barriers that Hispanics Families face in the US to access services.
Suggestions to work with the Hispanic / Latino Community.

28. Cultural Script: Latino/Hispanic Cultural Values and Beliefs
Importance of Family: Family is the primary social unit and source of support. Family goes beyond parents and siblings, it includes the extended family (cousins, uncles, aunts, etc).
Respect: It indicates appropriate behavior towards others based on age, gender, social and economic position and authority. Formality is seen as a sign of respect. Use of suffixes are very important such us: Señor/Don, Señora/Dona.
Personalismo: Latinos/Hispanics tend to stress the importance of personalismo, personal rather than institutional relationships. Person to Person contact it’s very important to develop trust . It’s very common that Latino clients find uncomfortable to leave messages in office voic s.

29. Cultural Script: Latino/Hispanic Cultural Values and Beliefs
Trust: Confianza is built on mutual respect over time. Showing personal interest in Hispanics individual may help establishing trust.
Machismo: Hispanic Families are characterized by traditional gender roles. Men are expected to be rational, strong, authoritarian, independent and strong. Women are expected to be submissive, dependant as well as take care of children and household.
Fatalism: Many Hispanics believe that events are meant to happen because of fate, because of power and that they can not control it. Many clients will say “It’s my cross to bear”, or “If God wishes so”. This may prevent them to seek for help.

30. Cultural Script: Latino/Hispanic Cultural Values,
Beliefs and Characteristics
Espiritismo: In Latino/Hispanic culture spiritual healers play an important role in helping people with physical as well as mental concerns. Curanderas, espiritistas, Santeria.
Religion: In general Latino/Hispanics are very religious. The church serves as a guide for perceptions and behaviors, influencing decisions and judgments. The church is often an important source for social support and interaction.

31. Cultural Script: Latino/Hispanic Cultural Values,
Beliefs and Characteristics
Belief in Bewitching: Some Latino/Hispanics believe that bewitching is often the cause of a change in behavior or illness.  Bewitching involves the use of magical acts and supernatural powers either by humans or supernatural beings.  This may simply involve the casting of a spell. 
Personal space: Personal space tends to be closer, Latino/Hispanic cultures are more open to physical contact and less aware of personal space
Time orientation Latino/Hispanics are generally more concerned with the present than with the future or planning ahead. Often times Latinos need to be reminded the day before of an appointment or activity.

32. History of terms “Hispanic” and “Latino”.
DIVERSITY
History of terms “Hispanic” and “Latino”.
The term “Latino” was introduced in the late 1980’s as a reference to persons living in the United States whose ancestors were from Latin American countries in the Western Hemisphere. It was considered a more linguistically accurate term and more culturally neutral.

33. The term “Hispanic” did not gain wide use until 1970’s and 1980’s
The term “Hispanic” did not gain wide use until 1970’s and 1980’s. In earlier decades, Hispanics tended to be organized around their own national identities as Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, etc.
The term Hispanic, came as a reference to all Spanish-speaking ethnic subgroups into a more unified voice around a variety of social, civil, and political causes.
Hispanic is a English-language term not generally used in Spanish-speaking countries.

34. In current use both terms cover all Spanish-speaking ethnic subgroups.
The Hispanic/Latino population in the US is very diverse in terms of national origin, immigration and migration patterns, historical and racial backgrounds, languages, dialects and cultural values.

35. Reasons for Immigration into the US
Hispanics/Latinos travel to the United States can be understood in terms of pull and push factors.
The network theory: Those who migrated first would help their family and friends come to US, who would then help others, and so on.
Pull Factors:
-Higher living standards
Push Factors:
-Shortage of jobs, unemployment, low wages
-Political conflicts
-Forced displacement
-Persistent poverty, hunger
-Violation of human rights, corruption, high crime indices
-Insufficient lands (specially in Central American countries)

36. Barriers Latino/Hispanic Families face to access services.
Poverty: Approximately 23% of Hispanic families live below the poverty level.
Misunderstanding of cultural values: Lack of bilingual staff in agencies and organizations lead to misunderstandings of cultural believes and values.
Language barriers: Lack of interpreters or bilingual staff available.
Legal Status and Fear of deportation: Many of the Hispanics will be not be eligible for services for being undocumented.
Lack of knowledge on how the US health care system works. They may think it’s cheaper to go to the ER than to a PCP.

37. Barriers Latino/Hispanic Families face to access services.
Many of the Hispanic families won’t have access to health insurance coverage. Latino children who are not US citizens or legal residents will not be eligible for the health insurance state programs.
Lack of knowledge on how the US educational and legal system works. Hispanics may think they can’t file for protective orders or custody.
Lack of information that leads to misconceptions about resources in the community. Hispanics may think that they are not eligible for WIC, Food Stamps, etc.
Transportation: Local Public Transportation does not provide services to some of the Latino neighborhood.

38. Suggestions for providers working with Latino/Hispanic
Strive to spell and pronounce names correctly.
Avoid asking if a person speaks “Mexican or” Puerto Rican”. Spanish is Spanish.
Use qualified interpreters. Children should never be asked to act as interpreters.
Try to learn Spanish. Speaking in Spanish facilitates a greater level of comfort.

39. Identify and address the decision-maker or spokesperson, the Patriarch and Matriarch.
Be formal in interactions with older Hispanic.
Encourage the family to ask questions. Explain thoroughly and confirm understanding.
Check to make sure recommendations will fit into the family lifestyle.
And finally listening is the key
Use Spanish words you know when comfortable.