1. Med Chem Tutoring January 24
By Alaina Darby

2. Know the objectives… I’m sure you have realized this by now.
Some TB drugs are prodrugs that required activation by bacterial enzymes. List up.
What is a general stain method for Mtb? Is Mtb Gram-negative or Gram-positive?
Mtb survive in host for many years by entering dormancy. Study about non-replicating Mtb.
List up the second-line TB drugs. Which one is aminoglycoside?
Molecular target of bedaquline
Molecular target of ethambutol
Structure of delemanide and its mode of action
Molecular target of rifampicin
Study Crohn’s disease. Are antibiotic effective? What are NOD1 and NOD2?
Structure of chloroquine
Structure of artesunate. Is it orally bioavailable?
Combination chemotherapy for Plasmodium falciparum infections.
Mode of action and utility of metronidazole
Study about interferons
What are causative organisms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Study about HIV/AIDS
Nucleoside-based antiviral drugs
Antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS .
General structures of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and SAR
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV
Tamiflu and its mode of action

3. Some TB drugs are prodrugs that required activation by bacterial enzymes. List up.
Which of the following molecules is a prodrug? A. B. C. D.
A and C
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4. Some TB drugs are prodrugs that required activation by bacterial enzymes. List up.
Which of the following enzymes is used to activate Pyraziamide?
A. Acidic conditions
B. Basic condictions
C. Fatty acid synthase I
D. Pyrazinamidase A

5. What is a general stain method for Mtb
What is a general stain method for Mtb? Is Mtb Gram-negative or Gram-positive?
Which of the following would describe the gram stain of Mtb?
A. Gram positive
B. Gram negative
C. Acid fast
D. What is a gram stain? C…
Lipid rich, high mycolic acid content

6. Mtb survive in host for many years by entering dormancy
Mtb survive in host for many years by entering dormancy. Study about non-replicating Mtb.
Which of the following is not true of the Mtb dormant state?
A. Rifampin is active against it
B. It can survive for many years
C. It is not well understood
D. It can reactivate later A
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7. List up the second-line TB drugs. Which one is aminoglycoside?
Which of the following second-line TB drugs is an aminoglycoside?
Ethionamide
Cycloserine
Amikacin
Rifampin C

8. List up the second-line TB drugs. Which one is aminoglycoside?
Which of the following second-line TB drugs is an aminoglycoside? A. B. C. D. D
What are they?
Cipro
Ethionamide (also a prodrug!!)
Cycloserine
Amikacin

9. Molecular target of bedaquline
What is the target of Bedaquiline?
Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit
Mycobacterial ATP synthase
Mycolic acid in the cell wall
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase B
What is each of these?
Aminoglycosides (or tetracyclines)
Bedaquiline
Delamanid (new one)
Rifampin

10. Molecular target of ethambutol
What is the target of Ethambutol?
DNA-dependent RNA synthase
Arabinosyl transferase
Pyrazinamidase
30S ribosomal subunit B

11. Structure of delemanide and its mode of action
Which of the following is delamanide? A. B. C. D. A
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12. Structure of delemanide and its mode of action
Which of the following is not true of delemanide?
Works against intracellular bacteria in vivo
Disrupts the Mtb cell membrane
Part of the nitroimidazole class of anti-TB drugs
Has not been shown that benefits of it outweigh risks A
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13. Molecular target of rifampicin
What is the molecular target of rifampicin?
α-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
β-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
α-subunit of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
β-subunit of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase B

14. Study Crohn’s disease. Are antibiotic effective? What are NOD1 and NOD2?
Which of the following does not describe Crohn’s disease?
Occurs only in the large intestine
Highest prevalence is in Israel, northern Europe, and North America
Causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss
Certain bacteria may be responsible for causing it A

15. Study Crohn’s disease. Are antibiotic effective? What are NOD1 and NOD2?
Which of the following has been assumed to be a causative agent of CD?
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium kansasii
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium gordonae A

16. Study Crohn’s disease. Are antibiotic effective? What are NOD1 and NOD2?
Which of the following describes the mechanism for CD susceptibility?
Mutation of the intracellular pattern recognition receptor NOD1
Mutation of the extracellular pattern recognition receptor NOD1
Mutation of the intracellular pattern recognition receptor NOD2
Mutation of the extracellular pattern recognition receptor NOD2 C
Know that this receptor is involved in host immune response to bacterial infections (MAP)
Also related to IBD!!

17. Structure of chloroquine
Which of the following is chloroquine? A. B. C. D. B
Pamaquine
Chloroquine
Primaquine
Bulaquine

18. Structure of chloroquine
What is the highlighted portion of chloroquine called?
Quinacrine core
Quinine core
Quinone core
Quinolone core B

19. Structure of artesunate. Is it orally bioavailable?
Which of the following is artesunate?
A. C.
B. D. A
B. RBx11160
C. Artemether
D. Arteflene

20. Structure of artesunate. Is it orally bioavailable?
Which of the following is true of artemisin administration?
Cannot be giving orally due to GI side effects
Is given orally as prophylaxis for malaria
Given IV as prophylaxis for malaria
Given IV as treatment for severe malaria D

21. Combination chemotherapy for Plasmodium falciparum infections.
Which of the following drugs is used in combination with quinine for prevention against malaria and is especially effective for prophylaxis of the liver stage of Plasmodium?
Chloroquine
Atovaquone
Doxycycline
Proganil C
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22. Mode of action and utility of metronidazole
Which of the following does not describe metronidazole?
Can be used to treat aerobic bacterial infections
Can be used to treat protozoal infections
May cause CNS toxicity
Forms a redox active compound A

23. Study about interferons
How are interferons typically administered? IM PO IV SQ A

24. Study about interferons
Which of the following diseases may be prevented with an interferon injection immediately following infection?
HIV
HCV
HPV
HAV
B… hep C

25. Study about interferons
Which of the following types of interferon has been approved from prophylactic treatment of CMV?
Interferon-α
Interferon-β
Interferon-γ
Interferon-δ A

26. What are causative organisms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Which of the following viral infections can cause an STI?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D B

27. What are causative organisms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Which of the following bacteria causes syphilis?
Haemophilus ducreyi
Neisseria gonorrhea
Lymphogranuloma vereum
Treponema pallidum D

28. What are causative organisms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Which of the following is a protozoal infection that also causes a STI?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Candida albicans
Human immunodeficiency virus B

29. Study about HIV/AIDS Which of the following is not true of HAART?
May have severe side effects
Compliance is important to prevent resistance
May be of benefit to patients with low viral loads
There are no risks for patients with low viral loads D

30. Study about HIV/AIDS Which of the following is true of HIV/AIDS?
HIV-1 is more infective than HIV-2
HIV-2 is more infective than HIV-1
HIV-1 and HIV-2 are equally infective
Neither HIV-1 and HIV-2 are very infective A

31. Nucleoside-based antiviral drugs
Which of the following is not true of NRTI resistance?
Mutations in the N-terminal polymerase domain reduce enzyme affinity to bind the drug
Mutations may occur as insertions or deletions in the background
Excision enhancement mutations are selected for by thymidine analogs
Resistance to one NRTI does not confer resistance to the other NRTIs D
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32. Antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS .
Which of the following is not included in Atripla?
Efavirenz
Emtricitabine
Zidovudine
Tenofovir C

33. Antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS .
Which of the following is not a component of Trizivir?
Abacavir
Emtricitabine
Zidovudine
Lamivudine B