1. HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION
These civilization consist in 2600 and 1900 BC.
Also known as indus valley civilization.
Made of known called steatite.
Seals like this one contain animal mutifs and script signs.
Harappan culture have distinctive object include seals,beads,weights stone blndes and even blaked bricks.
These are found in AFGHANSTAN,JAMMU,BALUCHISTAN(PAKISTA N) and GUJARAT.

2. MAJOR HARAPPAN SITES

4. BEGINNIGS Several archaeological cultures in the mature Harappan.
Cultures are
distinctive
evidence of agriculture
pastoralism
crafts
Settlements were generally small there were no larger building

5. SUBSISTENCE STRATEGIES
Mature harappan culture developed in some of areas occupied by early harappan culture.
Harappans ate wide range of plants and animal products like fish.
Grains in harappan sites were
wheat,
barlog
Lentil
chickpea
Sesame
millets
These are found in gujarat.
Animal bones are found in harappan sites consist of cattle,sheep,goat,buffalo and pig.
They hunted these animals themselves or obtained meat from other hunting communities.

7. TERRACOTTA SCULPTURE
For ploughing bulls were used and these have the evident from terracotta sculpture from cholistan and banawali(Harayana)and kalibangan(Rajasthan).
Most harappan sites are located in semi arid land so irrigation was used for agriculture.
Trace of canal are there in Shortughai.
Wells are used for irrigation.
Dholavina reseviours of found may be used to store water for agriculture.

8. COPPER TOOLS

9. DHOLAVINA RESERVIOUR

10. Saddle querns
Saddle quern it is used for grinding cereals.

11. MOHENJODARO

13. SETTLEMENTS The settlements were divided into two sections
Smaller(higher)
larger(lower)
Archaeologists designate these as citadel and lower town.

14. CITADEL Citadel owes its height.
These are constructed on the mud bricks platforms.
Walled
Physically seperated from lower town.

15. CIADEL

16. LOWER TOWN Its also walled. Built on platform.
Once the platform were placed all the building activity was restricted to fixed area of platform.

17. ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM Father of indian archeology.
1875 director general of arrchaeological survey of india.

18. Bricks taken from the ancient site was enough to lay bricks of railway line between lahore an multan.
Ancient structure were damage.
Mohenjodro was far better preserved.

19. DRAINAGE SYSTEM