1. Muscles
HCS SLO 2

2. Types of Muscles Smooth muscles
Location: Makes up the walls of hollow body organs, blood vessels, respiratory, passageways
Cell Characteristics: Tapered at each end, branching networks, non-striated
Control Action: Involuntary
Produces peristalsis; contracts and relaxes slowly, may sustain contraction

3. Smooth Muscle

4. Types of Muscle Cardiac Muscle Location: Wall of the heart
Cell Characteristics: Branching networks; special membranes between cells; single nucleus; lightly striated
Control Action: Involuntary
Pumps blood out of heart; self-excitatory my nervous system and hormones

5. Cardiac muscle

6. Types of Muscle Skeletal Muscle Location: Attached to bones
Cell Characteristics: Long and cylindrical; multinucleated; heavily striated
Control Action: Voluntary
Produces movement at joints; stimulated by nervous system; contracts and relaxes rapidly

7. Skeletal Muscle

9. Three Primary Functions of skeletal Muscles
Movement of the skeleton
- muscles are attached to bones and contract to change position of the bones at a joint
Maintenance of posture
- a steady partial contraction of muscle, known as muscle tone, keeps the body in position
Generation of heat
- muscles generate most of the heat needed to keep the body at 37 degrees Celsius

10. The Mechanics of Muscle Movement
Most muscles have two or more points of attachment to the skeleton.
Muscles are attached to a bone at each end by a cordlike extension called a tendon.
One end of the bone is attached to a relatively stable, less movable attachment called the origin
The other end of the muscle attaches to a body part that the muscle puts into action. This is called the insertion

11. Tendons, origins and insertions

12. Fascia or Deep Fascia covers, separates and protects skeletal muscle
Ligaments are bands of connective tissue that connect a bone to another bone
Cartilage is found on the bone surfaces of freely movable joints and form a smooth layer also known as articular cartilage. Some complex joints such as the knee, also have additional cartilage between the bones (crescent-shaped medial and lateral meniscus)

13. Ligaments of the knee

14. fascia

15. cartilage

16. How Muscles are named
Location – using a nearby bone, a position such as lateral, medial, internal or external
Size – using terms such as maximus, major, minor, longus, or brevis
Shape – such as circular (orbicularis), triangular (deltoid) or trapezoid (trapezius)
Direction of fibers – including straight (rectus) or angled (oblique)

17. How Muscles are named
Number of heads (attachment points)- example biceps, triceps and quadriceps
Action – as in flexor, extensor, adductor, abductor or levator