1. Unit 1 – An Introduction to Biology

2. Q: What is Biology?

3. A: Biology is the Study of Life
Q: What is Biology?
A: Biology is the Study of Life

4. Branches of Science Related to Biology
Anatomy – the study of an organisms parts
Bacteriology – the study of bacteria
Botany – the study of plants
Ecology – the study of organisms and their relationship with their environment
Genetics – the study of genes and heredity
Herpetology – the study of reptiles

5. Branches of Science Related to Biology Cont'd
Microbiology – the study microorganisms
Physiology – the study of what body parts do (functions)
Taxonomy - the study of classification
Zoology – the study of animals

6. Q: What is the Scientific Method?
A: A set of directions that scientists use to solve problems.

7. Step 1 – Define the Problem

8. Step 2 – Create a Hypothesis

9. Step 3 – Experiment (tests the hypothesis)+

10. Parts of an Experiment
Variables – The part(s) of an experiment that changes.
Controls – The part(s) of an experiment that doesn't change (good for comparing).

11. The plates below contain human cells with MRSA
The plates below contain human cells with MRSA. Plates 1,2&3 are treated with drugs A,B&C. Plate 4 is not changed in any way.
Sample Experiment

12. Sample Experiment Cont'd
After 5 days, the plates are observed. 50% of the cells in plate 1 have died. 10% of the cells in plate 2 have died. 75% of the cells in plate 3 have died. In plate 4, 50% of the cells have died. What happened and why was plate 4 needed?

13. Step 4 – Observe the Results (gather data)or

14. Step 5 – Anaylze the Results and Draw Conclusions=

15. Step 6 – Record Your Work
In science, it is often useful to keep a record of what you did, so you don't repeat experiments, can see patterns and a wide variety of other reasons.

16. Q: All living things share 7 characteristics. What are they?

17. 1. All living things must use energy.

18. 2. All living things must grow.

19. 3. All living things must reproduce.

20. 4. All living things must respond to stimuli (changes).

21. 5. All living things have a definite form and limited size.

22. 6. All living things change over a long period of time.

23. 7. All living things have a limited lifespan.

24. Microscopes
Microscopes are special tools scientists use to view small objects
Magnification – how large you can make something appear
Resolution – how clear the magnified image appears (image quality)

25. Types of Microscopes
Compound Light – uses light and more than one lens to form an image
Objects viewed must be thin enough for light to pass through them
Can view living creatures
Maximum magnification is about 2,000X

26. Types of Microscopes Cont'd
Scanning Electron Microscope – uses a beam of electrons to create an image
Gives incredible detail of surface structures
Object being viewed is dead (sprayed with gasseous metal)
Maximum magnification is about 50,000X

27. Types of Microscopes Cont'd
Transmission Electron Microscope – uses a beam of electrons to create an image
Only dead objects may be viewed (object must be thin enough for electrons to pass through it)
Gives great detail of internal structures
Maximum magnification power is about 2,000,000X

28. Parts of a Compound Light Microscope

29. Part 1 Base – gives the microscope support
Also one of the parts you hold onto when carrying the microscope

30. Part 2
Light Source – provides the light that passes through the object being viewed
Usually, this is an electric light, but in older microscopes, it may be a mirror

31. Part 3
Diaphragm – allows you to adjust the amount of light being used to view an object

32. Part 4
Stage – the part that the object being viewed is placed upon

33. Part 5
Stage Clips – hold slides in place

34. Parts 6&7
Objectives Lenses – lenses that allow you to change the magnification power used to view an object

35. Part 8
Revolving Nosepiece – rotates to allow you to change the objective lens being used

36. Part 9 Arm – supports the upper parts of the microscope
Also, it is the second structure used to properly hold and carry a microscope

37. Part 10
Fine Adjustment Knob – used to fine focus the image you are viewing

38. Part 11
Body Tube – a structure that allows light to pass through it and spaces the lenses apart so a clear image can be viewed

39. Part 12 Coarse Adjustment Knob – begins the focusing process
Brings the image close to being clearly in focus

40. Part 13
Eyepiece or Ocular – the lens that you look through at the top of a microscope
Usually, they have a magnification power of 10X