1. 1 Contents Chapter Learn About Children
Section 1.1 Make a Difference in Children’s Lives
Section 1.2 Studying Children
Section 1.3 Observing Young Children

2. Section 1.1 Make a Difference in Children’s Lives
Caregivers use their skills and knowledge to interact with children.
Caregivers can make a positive difference in a child’s life.
Childhood is viewed differently today than in past years. 2

3. Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary typical behavior caregiver
impact
moral

4. Benefits of Studying Children
Understand why children do what they do.
Taking care of children is one of the most important responsibilities you can have.

5. Benefits of Studying Children
Learn job skills by working with children.
Better understand yourself by evaluating your own childhood.
How do you think learning about children can help you understand yourself?

6. Views of Childhood Childhood is known to be:
a period of rapid development
a time of dependence on caregivers
preparation for adult life
caregiver
A person who takes care of a child. 6

7. Views of Childhood Childhood has changed over time in the areas of:
health
education
work
play
dress
Children learn through play.

8. Section 1.2 Studying Children
Childhood is an important time of physical, mental, and emotional development.
A child’s heredity and environment affect development.
Development continues throughout the life cycle.

9. Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary stimulation theory heredity
environment
self-esteem
human life cycle
developmental task
theory
sequence

10. Importance of Childhood Development
Childhood prepares us for adulthood.
Babies receiving stimulation develop more quickly and have a more secure self-image.
stimulation
Any activity that arouses a baby’s sense of sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell.

11. Importance of Childhood Development
Development builds upon earlier learning and proceeds at an individual rate.
Development continues throughout life.
Different areas of development are interrelated.

12. Importance of Childhood Development
Heredity and environment influence a child’s development.
Self-esteem affects the ability to handle challenges.
heredity
The biological transfer of certain characteristics from earlier generations.
self-esteem
Self-worth; the value people
place on themselves.

13. Stages of Life After Childhood
adolescence
young adulthood
the thirties
middle age
late adulthood
very late adulthood

14. Section 1.3 Observing Young Children
An important component in learning and understanding child development is observation.
Observation allows caregivers to better understand individual children and their particular needs. 14

15. Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary assumption subjective judgment
objective
running record
anecdotal record
frequency count
baseline
developmental checklist
interpretation
confidentiality
assumption
judgment

16. Why Observe Children? We learn more by observing than by reading.
Observing allows you to see personalities.

17. How to Observe Young Children
Separate fact from opinion.
Observations can be subjective or objective.
subjective
To rely on personal opinions and feelings, rather than facts, to judge an event.
objective
Something is factual, and leaves aside personal feelings and prejudices.

18. How to Observe Young Children
Observation records should include:
date
time
number of children and adults present
names and ages of all present

19. How to Observe Young Children
Choose the correct type of observation record.
Avoid interacting with the children unless necessary.
Keep observations and interpretations confidential.

20. How to Observe Young Children
Explain each of the following actions.
Action
Explanation
Know your purpose.
Before you begin, define the purpose of your observation. What are you supposed to observe?
Note the physical features of the setting. Who is there? What activities are going on? Record the time and place.
Identify the when, where, who, and what.
Be descriptive.
Use words and phrases to capture the moment. Give a picture of what you see.

21. How to Observe Young Children
Explain each of the following actions.
Action
Explanation
Make comparisons.
Look for similarities and differences.
Uncover the data.
Record factual information, focus on the evidence at hand.
At the end, read through your comments, make clarifications or corrections, and add any additional notes.
Review and clarify.

22. Make a Difference in Children’s Lives
Chapter Summary
Section 1.1
Make a Difference in Children’s Lives
By studying children, you can
learn why they act the way they do.
discover why caregivers are an important influence.
enjoy children more.
Attitudes and practices have changed due to research. 22

23. Heredity and environment both impact development.
Chapter Summary
Section 1.2
Studying Children
Experiences in the first years of life promote rapid brain development.
Heredity and environment both impact development.
Self-esteem influences a person’s ability to face life’s challenges. 23

24. Observing Young Children
Chapter Summary
Section 1.3
Observing Young Children
Learn things by observing that you cannot learn from a book.
There are four types of observation methods.
Observations should be conducted carefully and kept confidential. 24

25. Review
Do you remember the vocabulary terms from this chapter? Use the following slides to check your knowledge of the definitions.
The slides in this section include both English and Spanish terms and definitions.
Start

26. comportamiento típico
typical behavior
comportamiento típico
A way of acting or responding that is common at each stage of childhood.
Una manera de actuar o responder que es común en cada etapa de la infancia.
Show Definition

27. persona a cargo del ciudado caregiver
A person who takes care of a child.
Persona que se encarga de un niño.
Show Definition

28. stimulation estimulación
Any activity that arouses a baby’s sense of sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
Una actividad que despierta el sentido de la vista, el oído, el olfato y el tacto en el bebé.
Show Definition

29. heredity
herencia
The biological transfer of certain characteristics from earlier generations.
La transferencia biológica de características de generaciones anteriores.
Show Definition

30. environment
entorno
The people, places, and things that surround and influence a person, including family, home, school, and community.
Las personas, lugares y cosas que rodean e influyen a una persona, como la familia, la escuela, la comunidad.
Show Definition

31. Self-worth; the value people place on themselves.
self-esteem
autoestima
Self-worth; the value people place on themselves.
Autovaloración, el valor que las personas se dan a sí mismas.
Show Definition

32. human life cycle ciclo de vida humano
A set of stages of human development that each present different challenges to be met or skills to be acquired.
Serie de etapas en el desarrollo humano; cada una presenta retos por alcanzar y habilidades por adquirir.
Show Definition

33. developmental task escala de desarrollo
The challenge to be met or skill to be acquired in each stage of the human life cycle.
Reto por alcanzar o habilidad que se debe tener en cada una de las etapas del ciclo de vida humano.
Show Definition

34. subjective
subjetivo
To rely on personal opinions and feelings, rather than facts, to judge an event.
Basarse en opiniones  y sentimientos personales, en vez de en hechos, para juzgar un suceso.
Show Definition

35. objective
objetivo
Something is factual, and leaves aside personal feelings and prejudices.
Algo que se basa en hechos, y hace caso omiso de sentimientos personales y prejuicios.
Show Definition

36. A record of everything observed for a set period, such as 15 minutes.
running record
registro continuo
A record of everything observed for a set period, such as 15 minutes.
El registro de todo lo observado por un periodo de tiempo, como 15 minutos.
Show Definition

37. anecdotal record anecdotario/récord
A report of a child’s actions that concentrates on a specific behavior or area of development.
Reporte de la actividad de un niño que se enfoca en ciertos comportamientos y áreas de desarrollo.
Show Definition

38. A tally of how often a certain behavior occurs.
frequency count
conteos de frecuencia
A tally of how often a certain behavior occurs.
Cuenta de la frecuencia en la que ocurre un comportamiento específico
Show Definition

39. (comportamiento) base
baseline
(comportamiento) base
A count made before any steps are taken to try to change a behavior.
Medición que se realiza antes de tomar medidas para cambiar un comportamiento.
Show Definition

40. developmental checklist lista de indicadores de desarrollo
A list of skills children should master, or behaviors they should exhibit, at a certain age.
Lista de habilidades o comportamientos que un niño debería tener o dominar a cierta edad.
Show Definition

41. The analysis an observer forms and expresses about what was observed.
interpretation
interpretación
The analysis an observer forms and expresses about what was observed.
El análisis que alguien se forma y expresa sobre algo que ha observado.
Show Definition

42. confidentiality confidencialidad
The protection of another person’s privacy by limiting access to personal information.
Protección de la privacidad de alguien al limitar acceso a información personal.
Show Definition

43. impact impacto A significant effect. Efecto significativo.
Show Definition

44. Ethical; relating to issues of right and wrong.
moral
moral
Ethical; relating to issues of right and wrong.
Ético; se refiere a lo correcto y lo incorrecto.
Show Definition

45. A belief; an abstract thought or idea.
theory
teoría
A belief; an abstract thought or idea.
Creencia; un pensamiento o idea abstracto.
Show Definition

46. sequence
secuencia
An order of steps.
Orden de pasos.
Show Definition

47. A fact that is taken for granted. Algo que se da por hecho.
assumption
suposición
A fact that is taken for granted.
Algo que se da por hecho.
Show Definition

48. judgment
juicio
An opinion.
Opinión.
Show Definition