1. 5G Spectrum IN Europe
GSA spectrum group
December 2016

2. GSA Spectrum Group
The Spectrum Group within GSA is the GSA focus group for policy matters related to the radio frequency spectrum and radio regulatory matters pertaining to the successful evolution of International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT) of ITU and associated administrative, operational and technical aspects.

3. Europe’s 5G PIONEER BANDS AND action plan
700 MHz
MHz
24.25 – 27.5 GHz
“5G Action Plan”
&
“5G spectrum roadmap”
Spectrum selection
Common timelines
Commercial
(1 major city
per country)
Seamless coverage
(all major cities,
transport paths)
Pioneer
Bands (*)
Extended set of
Bands (**)
Trials
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2025
FCC rules for 28, 37 and 39 GHz bands
(Jul ‘15)
Korea
Winter Olympics
(Feb ‘18)
China
Product R&D trials
( )
Japan
Summer Olympics
(Jul ‘20)
(*) “Radio Spectrum Policy Group strategic roadmap towards 5G for Europe – Opinion on spectrum related aspects for next generation wireless systems (5G)
(**) Supplementary Opinion from RSPG

4. 5G Needs Spectrum LOW AND high frequencies
Higher and lower frequencies are both needed to meet all multiple 5G use cases
Low frequencies
High frequencies 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
GHz
Low frequencies
Full area coverage allowing cost effective delivery of mobile services
Bandwidths considerably wider (in the order of 100s of MHz) than those of today,
providing a combination of capacity and coverage
New bands below 6GHz should be made available for 5G
High frequencies
Needed for applications requiring very high data rates
Will accommodate wider channel bandwidths (e.g. up to 1GHz per MNO)
within a coverage area that can reach several 100s meters in outdoors
Propagation characteristics may facilitate sharing with existing services
In scope of WRC-19, allocated to Mobile Service already
In scope of WRC-19, may require allocation to Mobile Service
In scope of previous WRCs

5. EXAMPLE Mapping of RSPG Pioneer bands with 5G use cases
Low frequencies
with wide bandwidth
100 Mbps user experience anywhere
E.g MHz
High frequency
with very wide bandwidth
For very high end user peak data rate: 20 Gbps
E.g (pioneer) and GHz
eMBB
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Gigabytes in
a second
3D video,
UHD screens
Work & play
in the cloud
Smart Home / Building
Augmented
reality
Industry automation
Voice
Mission critical application
Smart
City
Self Driving
Car
Future IMT
Low frequencies
with good coverage
wide and deep coverage,
massive IoT connections
E.g. 700, MHz
Low frequencies
For wide reliable coverage
E.g. 700, MHz
mMTC
Massive Machine Type
Communications
URLLC
Ultra-reliable and
Low Latency Communications
All existing IMT frequency bands should be ready for 5G
based on market demand on a technology and service neutral basis

6. C-Band: first 5G band globally
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.9
5.0
GHz
Japan: investigations on the promising bands for 5G including e.g MHz, MHz, MNOs considering these bands for 5G amongst others
China ongoing 5G technology trial in the MHz band. MNOs considering MHz for 5G
Korea: MHz band is a good candidate for 5G
USA: further studies proposed for a number of bands including MHz and MHz (in addition to MHz already being opened for mobile use)
Available for IMT / offical plans
Under discussion for IMT
Targeting at least MHz contiguous bandwidth in most countries
Enabling around 100 MHz of contiguous spectrum per MNO (within the MHz range)
Refarming and auctions under consideration in a number of European countries
NOTE FOR THE GSA SPAEKER
Network implementation can start / has started with LTE-A in some markets (e.g. USA, Japan)
China Academy of Information and Communication Technology has announced the ongoing 5G technology trial in the MHz band. Operators considering MHz for 5G
Japan: investigations on the promising bands for 5G including e.g MHz, MHz in the Radio-policy 2020 council established recently, operators considering these bands for 5G amongst others
The 3500MHz band in the U.S. and Korea is also a good candidate for 5G deployments – In the U.S. “The Mobile Now Act” proposes further studies for a number of bands including MHz and MHz (in addition to MHz already being opened for mobile use)

7. C-Band: LARGER BLOCKS NEEDED for 5G
Number of individual usage rights across Europe
C-Band spectrum is fragmented across Europe:
paired assignments (but used for TDD rollout)
some FS and FSS incumbents still remain
multiple regional / local assignments, many with expiry dates after the year 2021
Target:
Around 100 MHz of contiguous spectrum per MNO within the MHz range
Up to 200MHz / MNO within the MHz range
(**)
3400
3500
3600
3410
3420
3430
3440
3450
3460
3470
3480
3490
3510
3520
3530
3540
3550
3560
3570
3580
3590
(*)
FIN (*) FR
GER
IT (*)
SWE UK
Regional licenses
** Auction under planning
Source: - Oct ’16 and Huawei
(**)
Current fragmentation in the MHz band requires
action to enable 5G by 2020.

8. UHF: For WIDE AND DEEP COVERAGE
Spectrum below 1GHz can cost effectively address 5G use cases requiring smaller bandwidth and good coverage (e.g. IoT 5G use case)
700 MHz
The common schedule for the band availability by 2020 is important
The band may deliver important benefits to 5G, noting that LTE rollouts will start before 2020 in some European countries
MHz (longer term)
IMT identification in a number of countries (at WRC-15)
Region 2: & MHz: Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Mexico, U.S.; MHz: Belize, Colombia;
Incentive auction already in progress in the US
Region 3: MHz: Micronesia, Solomon, Tuvalu, Vanuatu; MHz: Bangladesh, Maldives, New Zealand
Added to the preliminary agenda for WRC-23 for Region 1: Europe should develop its position for WRC-19 (when the Agenda Item description will be finalized)
NOTES FOR THE GSA SPEAKER:
Commissioner Oettinger (Feb ‘16 PR): “We cannot have high quality mobile internet for everything and for everyone everywhere unless we have modern infrastructure and modern rules”

9. WRC-19
Bands between GHz and 86 GHz are being studied for WRC-19 (Agenda Item 1.13)
27.5
40.5
42.5
45.5
47.0
50.2
52.6
In scope of WRC-19, allocated to Mobile Service already
3.25
1.6
3.5 2
1.5
3.0
2.2 5 5 5
In scope of WRC-19, may require allocation to Mobile Service
GHz
24.25
31.8
33.4
37.0
42.5
43.5
47.2
50.4 66 71 76 81 86
Propagation models and 5G parameters are being defined to support sharing studies
Spectrum needs for IMT and compatibility with other services are being analyzed

10. 26ghz (pioneer) and 40GHz NOTES FOR THE GSA SPEAKER:
24.25
27.5
29.5
31.8
33.4 37
40.5
42.5
43.5
GHz
Europe’s 5G pioneer band and
other bands considered for 5G
3.25 GHz
(agreed pioneer)
1.6 GHz
3 GHz
U.S. has the bands , , GHz for licensed use, the band 64-71GHz for unlicensed use
0.85 GHz
3 GHz
China is conducting compatibility studies
for the 26 and 40 GHz bands
3.25 GHz
6.5 GHz
Japan is investigating the promising bands for 5G including 28GHz
2 GHz
Global primary MS band
Confirmed
Non-global primary MS band
Likely
Korea: has decided GHz
for 5G trial
3 GHz
Non AI1.13 band
TBD
NOTES FOR THE GSA SPEAKER:
USA: Report and Order “Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz For Mobile Radio Services”
China: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)
Japan: in the Radio-policy 2020 council established recently
The & GHz are the most promising bands for early 5G global commercialization

11. SPECTRUM HARMONIZATION at HIGH FREQUENCIES
Spectrum harmonization remains important for the development of IMT as it allows for:
Adequate economies of scale for cost effective solutions for end users
Global roaming for end user devices
Reduced efforts in cross border coordination
Reduced equipment design complexity, preserving battery life, and improving efficiency in spectrum use
There may be new challenges in the terminal implementation to support multiple
non-contiguous bands (above 6GHz) in the same device – especially in the initial stage
Spectrum harmonization is even more important for higher frequencies
in order to support the development of the new ecosystem.

12. The 24.25 – 29.5 GHz tuning range allows Europe to benefit
26GHz (24.25 – 27.5 ghz)
‘Tuning range’ approach allows to benefit from early developments in other Regions, maximizing economies of scale and reducing fragmentation of spectrum
Feasibility and time availability of tuning ranges are impacted by various factors inlcuding the required width and the compatibility and sharing requirements for existing services
Early access to the 28 GHz band is driving the development of the first 5G infrastructure and devices for early trials and deployments in 2017/2018
The implementation of this band is further supported by the upcoming
5G trials in Korea (see slide 5) where the GHz range will be used
(resulting in an overlap of 1GHz)
Other options are presented in the next slide
“25+28” tuning range
(3.25)
(2.0)
19%
The – 29.5 GHz tuning range allows Europe to benefit
from early ecosystem being developed for the 28 GHz band in other Regions.
NOTES FOR THE GSA SPEAKER:
No single frequency range satisfies all the criteria required to deploy IMT systems, particularly in countries with diverse geographic and population density; therefore, to meet the capacity and coverage requirements of IMT systems multiple frequency ranges would be needed
Contiguous and broader channel bandwidths than available to current IMT systems would be desirable to support continued growth.
development of technologies such as small cells, 3D beamforming and massive MIMO techniques that “may realize their full potential when applied to smaller wavelengths, which are characteristic of higher frequency bands”.
Higher frequencies will be mainly used in dense urban environments to provide high data rate services

13. TUNING RANGES – FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION
In line with the wide support during the WRC-15, different portions of spectrum within the 37.0 – 43.5 GHz range are now being considered for 5G in various regions, e.g.:
37 – 40 GHz already decided in the USA
40.5 – 43.5 GHz in Europe
(2.5)
(2.0)
16%
“28+32” tuning range
31.8 – 33.4 GHz supported for studies towards WRC-19 by all regions at WRC-15
The size of the potentially available bandwidth (1.6GHz) could be limited by the fact that “all emissions are prohibited” in adjacent passive band GHz
26.5 /
(3.0 / 2.0)
Passive
Services
(*)
(1.6)
23%
19%
The application of tuning range concept
to the GHz bands is not a viable option.
(*) RR 5.340: “all emissions are prohibited in the following bands: GHz (R1,2,3), GHz (R2)”
NOTES FOR THE GSA SPEAKER:
No single frequency range satisfies all the criteria required to deploy IMT systems, particularly in countries with diverse geographic and population density; therefore, to meet the capacity and coverage requirements of IMT systems multiple frequency ranges would be needed
Contiguous and broader channel bandwidths than available to current IMT systems would be desirable to support continued growth.
development of technologies such as small cells, 3D beamforming and massive MIMO techniques that “may realize their full potential when applied to smaller wavelengths, which are characteristic of higher frequency bands”.
Higher frequencies will be mainly used in dense urban environments to provide high data rate services

14. New sharing opportunities
Sharing with IMT-2020 at higher frequencies:
Higher signal propagation fading
Typical deployments will address capacity enhancements in hotspot and indoor scenarios
Low frequencies will ensure seamless coverage
Urban and suburban outdoor small cell deployment
Below rooftop antenna in urban areas has large clutter loss
Lower transmitter power than in Macro cells
Indoor deployment
Higher building entry loss reduces the indoor IMT operation risk to interfere other users in outdoors
Narrow beams
Only covering small areas, e.g. tens of meters
Limiting the signal power to the unwanted directions
Vertical angular discrimination
mitigates interference
typical
h = 30 m
IMT base station
typical
h < 10 m
Dense Urban area
The satellite and mobile industries both rely on efficient use of scarce spectrum to ensure continued growth.
It is important to establish adequate protection (not over-protection) for satellite systems:
spectrum sharing must be discussed on realistic terms.
GSA encourages efforts to improve the mutual understanding.

15. GSA VIEWS ON THE KEY Next steps (1/2)
Low frequency spectrum will be essential for 5G
Europe should actively promote 5G deployments in the 700 and MHz bands by 2020
700 MHz
The band may deliver important benefits to 5G, noting that LTE rollouts will start before 2020 in some European countries
MHz
Ensure a suitable regulatory framework for 5G
Address current fragmentation to enable around 100 MHz of contiguous spectrum per MNO
Clearing of the band from incumbent users (development of sharing frameworks when required)
Auction rules to incentivize largest contiguous assignments
For the longer term, Europe should further investigate new spectrum possibilities:
MHz
It can further extend the MHz range allowing up to 200 MHz per MNO, on a shared basis where needed
MHz
To increase the availability of spectrum with good coverage
More long term deployment in Europe

16. Gsa VIEWS ON THE KEY Next steps (2/2)
High frequency with very wide bandwidth will be needed to address very high end user peak data rate: ~20 Gbps
26GHz
Europe (CEPT) will develop a harmonization decision, before the WRC-19, setting the conditions for the introduction of 5G in the 26 GHz band
Conditions should take into account protection (not over-protection) of existing services in the same and adjacent frequency bands (e.g. EESS / SRS earth stations)
40GHz
In addition, within the preparation for WRC-19, CEPT will kick off studies addressing sharing in the 40GHz bands,
The engagement within Region 1 and with other Regions is important to ensure that Europe’s 5G bands will rely on widest economies of scale.
Low frequencies
High frequencies
NOTES FOR THE GSA SPEAKER:
Bands with the following characteristics should be prioritized:
Potential for harmonization, best propagation properties, least constraints from incumbents’ use
Subject to concrete national initiatives which may trigger the initial required economies of scale
the O2I intended is for windows without metal coating, or for micro-cell scenarios.
GHz 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
European 5G pioneer bands
In scope of WRC-19
Additional options

17. Examples of recent trial activities
Many trials ongoing & planned around the world mainly in 3.5 GHz, 4.5 GHz and 28 GHz
28 GHz trials in the United States by Verizon and AT&T. Verizon announced commercial launch in AT&T also looking at trials in 3.5 GHz and 15 GHz.
28 GHz trials in South Korea in time for the 2018 Olympics with SK, KT and LG U+ using 1 GHz of spectrum per operator.
Early system trials planned in Japan for MHz, MHz and GHz, starting 2017 in Tokyo, and continuing as a larger-scale field trial through 2018 and 2019.
The IMT-2020 Promotion Group of China has announced the ongoing 5G technology trial in the MHz band. In addition, the bands 3300 – 3400 MHz, 4400 – 4500 MHz, 4800 – 4990 MHz, 25 GHz and 40 GHz are being considered for 5G use.
In Russia operator Megafon intends to run a 5G network in 2018 (in time for FIFA World Cup).
In Sweden Telia Company is conducting field trials in the Stockholm area and plans to bring 5G experience to customers in Stockholm and Tallinn in 2018.
The European Commission recently published their 5G Action Plan with preliminary trials from 2017 onwards, and pre-commercial trials from Likely bands are MHz and GHz (see pioneer band discussion)
and many more …

18. Promoting the Mobile Broadband Technology Roadmap
Global mobile Suppliers Association

19. BACKUP

20. SPECTRUM ACCESS SCHEMES
NOTE: to be shown “when needed” depending on the audience
The assignment of exclusive spectrum usage rights (i.e. “licensed spectrum”) will remain of central importance also for 5G as key enabler for:
Mission critical applications
Low latency applications
Guaranteed Quality of Experience (QoE) to end users
Shared spectrum access schemes (e.g. License Shared Access) could be considered as a complementary option if the band cannot be cleared
While defining sharing frameworks to protect an incumbent services in a certain band, Administrations need to find the appropriate trade-off between the complexity of the framework, degree of spectrum use and QoS to be assured for end users and time to market

21. SPECTRUM Sharing EXAMPLE 3.8-4.2 GHz
NOTE: to be shown “when needed” depending on the audience
Targeting protection of incumbent users AND maximized spectrum utilization
FSS
Earth Station
IMT
heterogeneous networks
IMT Macro + Small Cell
In urban areas
“Buffer zone”
(exclusion / restriction / protection zone)
Ubiquitous / specific
FSS Earth Stations
outside of urban areas
NOTES FOR GSA SPEAKER
Max permitted interference from IMT to be allowed at FSS receiver

22. Implementation of bands from WRC-12 and WRC-15
< 1 GHz
Unit: MHz
450
600
700
Asia-Pacific
450
600
700
850
Americas
450
700
800
900
Africa (*), Europe, Middle East
WRC-23
1 - 3 GHz
“L-band”
“AWS”
“PCS” 1900
“AWS”
2300
2600
Americas
“L-band”
1800
”Core” 2000
2000
2300
”Extension” 2600
Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Middle East
3 - 5 GHz
3300
3400
3600
3800
4200
4800
4990
3700
IMT identification in the ITU-R Radio Regulations (WRC-15)
Implemented / discussed at national / regional level
(*) The band 850 MHz is used in some countries in Africac
IMT identification in the ITU-R Radio Regulations (before WRC-15)
No IMT identification