1. Great Depression Learning Focus 3.1

2. The Depression Begins Banking Crisis = Borrowers began defaulting on their loans. Banks were left with depreciating assets. People could not pay the money they borrowed. Banks themselves start to go broke. If you had money in a bank, you lost it. Millions of people lost all their money. You became poor overnight. Banking Crisis = Borrowers began defaulting on their loans. Banks were left with depreciating assets. People could not pay the money they borrowed. Banks themselves start to go broke. If you had money in a bank, you lost it. Millions of people lost all their money. You became poor overnight. Crowd at New York's American Union Bank during a bank run early in the Great Depression.

3. The Depression Begins Business Cycle = Regular ups and downs of business in a free- enterprise economy. A business cycle can show you how good or bad your business is doing at any given time of the year. It allows you to track your losses or profits. Business Cycle = Regular ups and downs of business in a free- enterprise economy. A business cycle can show you how good or bad your business is doing at any given time of the year. It allows you to track your losses or profits.

4. The Depression Begins Consumer debt = Credit which is outstanding by ordinary Americans. This is the debt that all Americans owe. The total amount of money owed in millions by all Americans. Consumer debt = Credit which is outstanding by ordinary Americans. This is the debt that all Americans owe. The total amount of money owed in millions by all Americans.

5. How some people reacted to the Great Depression: its affect on society Some families broke up under the pressure and others decided not to marry. Some families broke up under the pressure and others decided not to marry.

6. How some people reacted to the Great Depression: its affect on society Unemployment often led to psychological depression and shame, which placed stress on family relationships. Unemployment often led to psychological depression and shame, which placed stress on family relationships.

7. How some people reacted to the Great Depression: its affect on society Great Migration - 1910 -1930; was the migration of African Americans to northern cities for defense and industrial jobs, and personal freedoms. Great Migration - 1910 -1930; was the migration of African Americans to northern cities for defense and industrial jobs, and personal freedoms.

8. Farmers who lost farms during the Depression were forced to leave the Midwest and head to California and to Florida to harvest crops. Farmers who lost farms during the Depression were forced to leave the Midwest and head to California and to Florida to harvest crops. How some people reacted to the Great Depression: its affect on society

9. Families were left homeless, starving, jobless and left to sale everything. Business men who were once wealthy were left to beg for money and food for their families.

10. The Great Depression - Hoovervilles “Hoovervillies” – Families were forced to live in shanties and tents. Often referred to as Hoovervilles, shantytowns or tent cities. Called Hoovervilles after President Herbert Hoover. “Hoovervillies” – Families were forced to live in shanties and tents. Often referred to as Hoovervilles, shantytowns or tent cities. Called Hoovervilles after President Herbert Hoover.

11. The Great Depression Breadlines = Poverty stricken men and women waited for bowls of soup and bread given out by charitable organizations. Salvation Army, Catholic Charities, Soup Kitchens, etc.

12. Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover President of the U.S. during this time of economic failure, however his philosophy was optimistic. Hoover characterized the depression as “a temporary halt in the prosperity of a great people.” President of the U.S. during this time of economic failure, however his philosophy was optimistic. Hoover characterized the depression as “a temporary halt in the prosperity of a great people.” Hoover’s policies failed to end the Great Depression He fails to win re-election due to his philosophy Hoover’s policies failed to end the Great Depression He fails to win re-election due to his philosophy

13. A New President is Elected: 1932 President Franklin D. Roosevelt = won election in 1932 on a promise to help the national economy and the people in need. President Franklin D. Roosevelt = won election in 1932 on a promise to help the national economy and the people in need.

14. The New Deal 1933-1939 His New Deal legislation ushered in an unprecedented era of government “relief, recovery, and reform” legislation. His New Deal legislation ushered in an unprecedented era of government “relief, recovery, and reform” legislation.

15. The New Deal 1933-1939 What did it exactly do? The New Deal Measures: Provided some immediate relief for people through the creation of jobs such as: A. the Civilian Conservation Corporation (CCC) = it hired over 250,000 men who had to leave their families to help reforest and plant trees across the country. B. Works Progress Administration (WPA)= it the WPA provided almost 8 million jobs. The program built many public buildings, projects and roads. Almost every community in America has a park, bridge or school constructed by the agency.

16. The New Deal 1933-1939 What did it exactly do? C. Public Works Administration (PWA) = It allowed $3.3 billion to be spent on the construction of public works, (roads, bridges, buildings) to provide employment, stabilize, improve, and contribute to a revival of American industry. D. National Youth Administration (NYA) = it had from $6 to $40 a month for "work study" projects at their schools. Another 155,000 boys and girls from relief families were paid $10 to $25 a month for part-time work that included job training.

17. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation = Restored trust in the banking system with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and bank holiday. It insures all bank deposits up to $200,000 for all its member banks. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation = Restored trust in the banking system with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and bank holiday. It insures all bank deposits up to $200,000 for all its member banks. The New Deal 1933-1939 What did it exactly do? You see this sign on the doors at every bank and savings and loan.

18. Social Security = programs still provide handicapped and survivors’ benefits and retirement funds. Social Security = programs still provide handicapped and survivors’ benefits and retirement funds. The New Deal 1933-1939 What did it exactly do?

19. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) = is a public corporation still providing assistance and electricity as well as jobs to the Appalachian Region. to provide navigation, flood control, electricity, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly impacted by the Great Depression. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) = is a public corporation still providing assistance and electricity as well as jobs to the Appalachian Region. to provide navigation, flood control, electricity, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly impacted by the Great Depression. Tennessee Valley Authority Project The New Deal 1933-1939 What did it exactly do?

20. Impact of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal on the American People Roosevelt’s leadership restored trust and hope in the economic system. His policies eased the problems of depression, but the depression lingered until World War II began in Europe.

21. Other things that FDR’s did that he considered necessary to get the country’s economy going again. President Roosevelt proposed a plan to add one Supreme Court member to the court for every Justice over the age of 70, feeling that this “court packing” would give him a majority in the Supreme Court favorable to the New Deal plans. President Roosevelt proposed a plan to add one Supreme Court member to the court for every Justice over the age of 70, feeling that this “court packing” would give him a majority in the Supreme Court favorable to the New Deal plans.

22. The Securities and Exchange Commission = regulates the buying and selling of stocks and bonds in an effort to protect the public from bogus stock and inside trading. The Securities and Exchange Commission = regulates the buying and selling of stocks and bonds in an effort to protect the public from bogus stock and inside trading. Other things that FDR’s did that he considered necessary to get the country’s economy going again.