1. Internet Governance
Session 4: Internet Governance When the Internet Collides With the Offline World
ANG Peng Hwa
Nanyang Technological University
Organized by
UN Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development (UN-APCICT) 1

2. Agenda
Learning Objectives: To appreciate the overlap of the Internet with the offline world in key areasconcerning the government, the economy and with respect to content.
Learning Outcomes: To appreciate the different regulatory responses that may be needed in addressing Internet issues.

3. Agenda Competition Policy Censorship and Freedom of expression
New technologies

4. Competition Policy
As far as possible, access to the Internet should be competitive
Game theory says you should have at least 3 players
Low pricing increases Internet penetration
Broadband changes Internet use pattern

5. Censorship and Freedom of Expression
How to block objectionable materials on the Internet—principally for children
Not possible to agree on what is objectionable for adults but possible agreement on what is objectionable for children
How to protect national interests against foreign undesirable materials
How to reconcile conflicting cultural values in information content.
Local vs International interests and values

6. Solutions to Objectionable Content
Filters
Internet Content Rating Association (now FOSI for Family Online Safety Institute)
Software filters
Server level
National level proxy servers
Blocking at the national level is not best practice

7. How A Proxy Server Works
Computers
Proxy
Server
Web
Server
Benefit: Saves on traffic costs,

8. New Technologies
When happens when the Internet challenges offline rules?
Apple TV–should foreign TV programs be allowed over the Internet in Iran?
AirBnB—should individual home-owners be allowed to rent out rooms to tourists?
Should they comply with hotel rules or are new rules needed?
Uber—should private car owners be allowed to work as taxi drivers?

9. Exercise: New Tech vs Old Rules
Discuss how new technologies that clash with current rules should be addressed.
Examples:
AirBnB
Uber taxi
E-Auctions
E-Payment systems (should those who collect money be regulated like banks?)
Streaming video: should they be subject to rules concerning broadcast TV?