1. Clean Technology (PB386) Click to edit Master title style Numfon Eaktasang, Ph.D. numfon.e@fph.tu.ac.th numfoneak@hotmail.com

2. What is Clean Technology?  Any product or service that improves operational performance, productivity, or efficiency  While reducing costs, inputs, energy consumption, waste or environmental pollutions

3. Why do we need clean technology?  Limitation environmental resources or natural capital  Renewable and Nonrenewable  High population, high consumption  Increase environmental pollution

4. How can we live more sustainably?  Renewable resources: solar energy, wind power, hydropower, biofuels, etc.  Reduce pollution  Reduce footprint: ecological footprint, carbon footprint  Carbondioxide: greenhouse gas, global warming potential (GWP) impact

5. How big is your footprint?

6. Solutions to Pollution  Pollution Prevention prevent pollutants from entering the environment (Front-of-Pipe) – Clean Technology  Pollution Clean-up after pollutants released into environment (End-of-Pipe) – Treatment Technology

7. Production without any environmental protection technologies

8. Production with environmental end-of-pipe technologies

10. Production process based on Clean Technologies

11. Solutions to Pollution

12. Waste Management Practices Top priority EliminationComplete elimination of waste Source reductionAvoidance, reduction or elimination of waste, generally within the confines of the production unit, through changes in industrial processes or procedures RecyclingUse, reuse and recycling of wastes for the original or same other purpose such as input material, material recovery or energy production TreatmentThe destruction, detoxification, neutralization, tec., of wastes into less harmful substances DisposalThe discharge of wastes to air, water or land in properly controlled or safe ways Lower priority

13. How clean is the technology?  Environmental life cycle assessment  Clean production refers to the “life cycle of a product or of a process” (UNEP)  Environmental life cycle assessment is a formal approach to defining and evaluating the total environmental load from cradle to grave  Life cycle assessment (LCA) is support tool in improving environmental performance, by reducing environmental load

14. How clean is the technology?  With specific products, with an accepted methodology and recognised internationally as the essential basic for awarding “ecolabels”

15. How clean is the technology?  As a public recognition of products or services with improved environmental performance  The idea of LCA is considering all activities from “ cradle to grave”

16. Life Cycle Assessment

17. Principle of Clean Technology Cleaner Technology Reuse/Recycle Source Reduction Product Change Process Change Reuse Recycle Raw Material Change Technology Improvement Operational Management Before After

18. Concept of 3Rs  Reduce- try to reduce the amount of waste  Reuse- use items wherever possible  Recycle- materials you throw away to be used again by making them into new products

19. Concept of 3Rs 1. Source Reduction: - Product change (new product design, increase lifetime, material change) - Process change (input material change, technology improvement, operational management)

20. Product Design

23. Biodegradable plastics

24. Product Design BiodegradableNon- Biodegradable  

25. Technology Improvement

26. Concept of 3Rs 2. Reuse: water reuse Washing process Water Can Wash (1) Wash (2) Wash (3) Cleaned Can Water reuse Fruit processing Orange Washing Peeling/ Cutting WashingPackaging Product

27. Concept of 3Rs 3. Recycle: HCl recycle Stor age tank Ion exchang e Process Stor age tank HCl Wastew ater Treatme nt Fe 2+ Rush removal (Wash 1) Rush removal (Wash 3) Rush removal (Wash 2) Steel HCl + H 2 O Wastewate r Treatment Plant

28. HCl recycle FeO + 2HClFeCl 2 + H 2 O FeCl 2 + 2RSO 3 HFe(RSO 3 ) 2 + 2HCl

29. Energy/Material Recovery Particle board Sugar cane Sugar Industry Bagas se Waste to Energy Energy Recovery Material Recovery

30. Clean Technology Application Before CT Application Raw material Energ y Wat er Process Produc t Energy Loss Emission Solid Waste Dispos al Waste water Wastew ater treatme nt Wat er Energ y

31. Clean Technology Application After CT Application Raw material Energ y Wat er Process Emission Solid waste Recycling/D isposal Wastew ater ProductBy- product Wat er Energ y

32. Conclusions  CT is an approach to providing services and benefits, avoiding the environmental damage at source.  To ensure that technology is really clean, it is necessary to consider the whole life cycle of the materials or objects which provide the service or benefit.  An organisation intending to apply CT must concentrate on the service which it provides, rather than on the products which it sells.

33. Conclusions  Waste should be avoided at source rather than cleaned up at the end of the pipe.  If a waste is unavoidable, it should be managed, not diluted and dispersed into the environment.

34. Process of Clean Technology  Planning and Organization  Pre-Assessment  Detail Assessment  Feasibility Study  Implementation and Evaluation