1. Animals Chapter 2-1 Mollusks- invertebrates with soft unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard shell Mollusks- invertebrates with soft unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard shell Mantle- thin layer of tissue that covers their internal organs and produces the shell. Mantle- thin layer of tissue that covers their internal organs and produces the shell. (notes) (notes) most mollusks move with a foot, live nearly everywhere on Earth, bilaterally symmetrical, organs located in one area most mollusks move with a foot, live nearly everywhere on Earth, bilaterally symmetrical, organs located in one area

2. Animals 2-1 Kidneys- organs that remove waste Kidneys- organs that remove waste Gills- organs that remove oxygen from the water covered with cilia. Gills- organs that remove oxygen from the water covered with cilia. Cilia- tiny hair like structures that make water flow over the gills Cilia- tiny hair like structures that make water flow over the gills Radula- flexible ribbon of teeth that scrape food off a surface Radula- flexible ribbon of teeth that scrape food off a surface

3. Arthropods 2-2 There are more arthropods than all other species combined! 1,000,000 species There are more arthropods than all other species combined! 1,000,000 species Arthropod- an invertebrate animal with an external skeleton, segmented body, and jointed attachments called appendages. Arthropod- an invertebrate animal with an external skeleton, segmented body, and jointed attachments called appendages. (notes) (notes) arthro- “joint” podos- “foot” or “leg” arthro- “joint” podos- “foot” or “leg” Appendages- wings, legs, mouth parts Appendages- wings, legs, mouth parts

4. Arthropods 2-2 (notes) (notes) Arthropod characteristics- Arthropod characteristics- –Open circulatory system –Most reproduce sexually –Most are either male or female –Internal fertilization (in female) Vocab Exoskeleton- waxy outer skeleton that protects the animal and helps prevent evaporation of water

5. Arthropods 2-2 Chitin- long polymers that make up an exoskeleton Chitin- long polymers that make up an exoskeleton Antenna- an appendage on the head that contains sense organs Antenna- an appendage on the head that contains sense organs Crustacean- an arthropod that has two or three body sections 6 appendages for chewing 10 or more legs each body section has an appendage on it. Only arthropod with 4 antennae Crustacean- an arthropod that has two or three body sections 6 appendages for chewing 10 or more legs each body section has an appendage on it. Only arthropod with 4 antennae

6. Arthropod 2-2 Metamorphosis- a process in which an animal’s body undergoes dramatic changes in form during its life cycle Metamorphosis- a process in which an animal’s body undergoes dramatic changes in form during its life cycle (notes) Crustaceans live in nearly every watery environment from oceans to puddles, most have gills. Crustaceans are carnivores, scavengers, and herbivores

7. Animals 2-2 Arachnid- arthropod 2 body sections, 8 legs, no antennae Arachnid- arthropod 2 body sections, 8 legs, no antennae Abdomen- hind section that hold the reproduction organs and digestive tract Abdomen- hind section that hold the reproduction organs and digestive tract Cephalothorax- head and chest section of arachnid Cephalothorax- head and chest section of arachnid(notes) Most familiar arachnid is the spider, all are predators, use fangs to inject venom and ingest food

8. Animals 2-3 Insect feeding - depends on insect could be herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, parasite, or scavenger Insect feeding - depends on insect could be herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, parasite, or scavenger Insect defense Insect defense 1. Camouflage 2. Flying or running away 3. Resembling a larger animal 4. Painful stings 5. Hard exoskeletons 6. Bad smell or taste Camouflage- protective coloration

9. Animals 2-4 Sound is produced by vibrations that create waves that move outward from a source Sound is produced by vibrations that create waves that move outward from a source Sound must travel through a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) Sound must travel through a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) Many insects use sound to attract mates Many insects use sound to attract mates Usually the male makes the sounds Usually the male makes the sounds

10. Animals 2-5 Echinoderm- radially symmetrical invertebrate that lives on the ocean floor, has an endoskeleton “spiny skinned” Echinoderm- radially symmetrical invertebrate that lives on the ocean floor, has an endoskeleton “spiny skinned” Endoskeleton – spiny internal skeleton made of calcium Endoskeleton – spiny internal skeleton made of calcium Water Vascular System- fluid filled tubes that are connected to tube feet. Contracted tubes squeeze water to fill feet, act like suction cups Water Vascular System- fluid filled tubes that are connected to tube feet. Contracted tubes squeeze water to fill feet, act like suction cups

11. Animals 2-5 Notes Notes Five part radial symmetry, respond to food, mates, and predators from any direction Five part radial symmetry, respond to food, mates, and predators from any direction Fertilization happens in open water Fertilization happens in open water Male / Female Male / Female Larvae go through metamorphosis Larvae go through metamorphosis

12. Animals 2-5 Sea stars- Sea stars- Carnivores- mollusks, crabs, other echinoderms Carnivores- mollusks, crabs, other echinoderms Use tube feet to capture prey, ejects stomach to partially digest prey Use tube feet to capture prey, ejects stomach to partially digest prey Regeneration Regeneration Replace lost arms Replace lost arms Reproduction- new sea stars can form from detached arms Reproduction- new sea stars can form from detached arms NO BRAIN, eye spots to detect light NO BRAIN, eye spots to detect light

13. Animals 2-5 Brittle stars are related to sea stars Brittle stars are related to sea stars -can regenerate -have longer more slender arms -most mobile echinoderm -flexible joints -tube feet used only for food catching Sand dollars Sand dollars -no arms -look like large coins -flat bodies covered with very short spines -burrow into the sand

14. Animals 2-5 Sea urchins Sea urchins –Long movable spines –Five strong teeth that can be projected from their mouth for eating or digging Sea cucumber -Soft, flexible, and muscular body -Crawl SLOWLY on tube feet -Round tentacles around mouth for capturing food (filter feeding) -Can be colorful