1. Environmental Issues HUMAN IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2. 2 RESOURCES  RESOURCE- something used to take care of a need  TYPES: 1. Non Renewable- can’t be replenished; available only in limited amounts Ex: fossil fuel coal, oil, natural gas 2. Renewable- are replaceable by natural processes Ex: fresh water, trees  RESOURCE- something used to take care of a need  TYPES: 1. Non Renewable- can’t be replenished; available only in limited amounts Ex: fossil fuel coal, oil, natural gas 2. Renewable- are replaceable by natural processes Ex: fresh water, trees

3. RESOURCES tinSilverPhosphorusNitrogenAir freshwaterTopsoilOilForestsTrees

4. BIODIVERSITY REFERS TO THE VARIETY OF SPECIES, ECOSYSTEMS, AND THE GENETIC VARIATION. Over-huntingOver-hunting Habitat lossHabitat loss Invasion of non-native speciesInvasion of non-native species PollutionPollution Climate changeClimate change

5. POLLUTION  Contamination of soil, water, air  Result of human activity  Affects organisms and their habitats.

6. OZONE DEPLETION CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) destroy ozone (O 3 ) molecules that make up the ozone layer. -Ozone layer protects the earth from harmful UV rays of the sun. CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) destroy ozone (O 3 ) molecules that make up the ozone layer. -Ozone layer protects the earth from harmful UV rays of the sun. -CFCs are emitted in the atmosphere through the use of aerosol cans, old cooling units, and the burning of Styrofoam

7. 7 GLOBAL WARMING Increase in temperature of Biosphere Caused by more CO 2 and greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere → hold in heat from sun

8. SMOG

9. Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxide are released in atmosphere → Combine with rain Kill plants, pollutes water 9 ACID RAIN

10. Can harm freshwater and marine ecosystems WATER POLLUTION

11. BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION Increasing concentrations of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels Caused by … non biodegradable chemicals (i.e DDT) introduced into aquatic ecosystems due the runoff of pesticides and fertilizers into nearby lakes ans streams.

12.  Any contaminate found in an ecosystem becomes increasingly more dangerous as you move up the food chain or food web.  EXAMPLE: Who will be the most contaminated by a dangerous pesticide? grass → mouse → snake → hawk ANSWER: _____________ BIOMAGNIFICATION

13. Which organism will be most affected by the water waste contamination?

14. EUTROPHICATION Pond Succession pond caused by fertilizer run off from near by farms. Excess nutrients in the water cause algal blooms that can destroy pond ecosystems

15. DEFORESTATION Destruction of forests for timber and farm land

16. SOIL EROSION Top soil is considered to be non- renewable 500 yrs=1in Wearing away of topsoil by wind and water Erosion can be prevented by planted by planting rye grass between growing seasons

17. DESERTIFICATION Creation of desert with sand instead of soil which is not efficient at holding water

18. HABITAT FRAGMENTATION  when a barrier forms that prevents an organism from accessing its entire home range.  This is often caused by building roadways or harvesting of forests.

19. INVASIVE SPECIES -An Introduced Species is any organism that was brought to an ecosystem as the result of human actions. -They can pose a great threat to the stability of an ecosystem if they prey on or crowd out native species. -An Introduced Species is any organism that was brought to an ecosystem as the result of human actions. -They can pose a great threat to the stability of an ecosystem if they prey on or crowd out native species.

20. PollutionDefinitionCauseEffectSolution CREATE A CHART… Instructions… -For the 10 types of pollution that we discussed today, create a chart like the one above to address the information. -You can use your notes, the textbook, the internet… 10 POLLUTIONS Habitat Fragmentation Invasive Species DesertificationDeforestationSoil Erosion EutrophicationBio- Magnification SmogGlobal Warming Ozone Depletion

21. PollutionCAUSEEFFECTSOLUTION Habitat Fragmentation-Deforestation -Urban Development -greatest threat to biodiversity -decreased populations/extin ction Preserving plant corridors -reduce and reuse materials so as not to destroy more habitats Invasive Species Introducing non- native species into stable ecosystems -destruction or takeover of ecosystems -loss of population control of non- native species due to lack of predators -Import natural predators of the invasive species -dispose of unwanted species properly -tougher inspections of imports

22. PollutionCauseEffectSolution DeforestationRemoval of entire forests or large sections for timber, grazing, or urban development -Loss of animals and ecosystems -less CO 2 absorbed from the atmosphere -desertification Sustainable use of forests via selective harvesting -protect old forests - Replace harvested trees with saplings Soil Erosion- Over farming - over grazing - deforestation -Loss of top soil -desertification in dry climates -contour plowing - Wind screens - Plant ground cover during off season Desertificatio n -deforestation -farming and overgrazing - Drought -erosion of topsoil -sand holds less water; fewer species can live here -ecosystems disappear -reduce soil erosion -selective harvesting -plant cover crops

23. PollutionCAUSEEFFECTSOLUTION Eutrophication-Fertilizer run-off from farms -nutrient overload in aquatic ecosystems -algal bloom on surface of pond -decrease in dissolved 0 2 in water -loss of pond ecosystem Composting instead of using fertilizers -decrease pollution Biological Magnification Run off introduces non- biodegradable chemicals (ex. DDT pesticide) introduced to aquatic ecosystems Chemical concentrations increasing as it moves up the food chain. - Possible species extinction -Ban the use of DDT -use “eco- friendly” pesticides -use natural predators of pests

24. PollutionCAUSEEFFECTSolution SMOGCombination of smoke(air pollution)and fog in the atmosphere -Acid Rain -unhealthy air quality that affect breathing Reduce CO 2 emissions -use less electricity Ozone DepletionCFCs from aerosol cans, old cooling units, and burning styrofoam Harmful UV rays penetrate the earth’s atmosphere and damage the cells of living things -Use pump sprays -update appliances and AC units -Don’t use styrofoam Global WarmingExcess CO 2 in the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels Increase in the earth’s average temperature -magnification of the greenhouse effect -Reduce CO 2 emissions -use less electricity -PLANT MORE TREES!