1. November 19, 2016 Guide:- Mrs. Kale J. S. Presented By:- Hamand Amol Sambhaji. Hamand Amol Sambhaji. Pardeshi Dhananjay Rajendra. Pardeshi Dhananjay Rajendra. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

2. November 19, 20162 Introduction Types Of Data Sharing Traditional Client-Server Downloading Peer-Peer Downloading What is BitTorrent? Why BitTorrent? Origin! BitTorrent Terminology How BitTorrent works? Swarm, Tracker, Peers, Leeches, Seeds Architecture of BitTorrent Piece Selection Conclusion References Pardeshi Dhananjay.

3. November 19, 20163 Humans tend to share things. As electronic data plays a vital role these days, they acquire the “sharing” attribute. Sharing electronic data(emails, eBooks, multimedia files) is the need of the hour. Usually the data is of large size and takes too much time and bandwidth to be downloaded. Data sharing must be fast enough as we are now moving to 3G and 4G technologies, users expect data sharing at high speeds. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

4.  Manual Sharing Using Removable Media: Such as Memory Cards, USB drives, External Hard disks etc.  Centralized Servers of Computer Networks: Network of computers interconnected for sharing resources and information via a central server (One server – many clients).  Distributed Peer-to-Peer networking: Is a Computer network where each system in the network acts as client or server allowing shared access of resources without the need of central server. November 19, 20164 Pardeshi Dhananjay.

5. November 19, 20165 The client – server model is a centralized model. A server is a computer that selectively shares its data on Web. A client is a computer that contacts the server in order to request for the data. The Web browser software on your computer (the client) tells the server to transfer a copy of the file to your computer. Single server provides service to several clients simultaneously. Handling multiple requests. Server Client Pardeshi Dhananjay.

6. November 19, 20166 Protocols used:- 1)FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 2)HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). The transfer speed is affected by a number of variables, including the type of protocol, the amount of traffic on the server and the number of other computers that are downloading the file. If the file is both large and popular, the demands on the server are great, and the download will be slow. Client-server model fails if 1.Single server fails. 2.Cant afford to deploy enough servers. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

7. November 19, 20167 A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a decentralized network. In peer-to-peer sharing, all individual nodes(‘Peers’) act as both supplier and consumer of data or resources. In peer-to-peer sharing, a software program is used instead a Web Browser to locate computers that have the file user want. You run peer-to-peer file-sharing software (for example, a Napster program or Gnutella) on your computer and send out a request for the file you want to download. To locate the file, the software queries other computers that are connected to the Internet and running the file-sharing software. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

8. November 19, 20168 When the software finds a computer that has the file you want on its hard drive, the download begins. Others using the file-sharing software can obtain files they want from your computer's hard drive. The file-transfer load is distributed between the computers exchanging files, but file searches and transfers from your computer to others can cause bottlenecks. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

9. November 19, 20169 Bit-Torrent is a peer to peer (P2P) protocol used for sharing files over the network. A P2P client is used on every participating nodes. No central resource allocation. A single data is accessed effectively by hundreds of peers. The data is chopped into pieces and further into sub pieces. Every peer acts as both, client and server. One of Bit Torrent's most powerful idea is the choking mechanism. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

10. November 19, 201610 Unlike some other peer-to-peer downloading methods, BitTorrent is a protocol that offloads some of the file tracking work to a central server called a Tracker. Another difference is that it uses a principal called tit-for-tat. This means that in order to receive files, you have to give them. This solves the problem of leeching -- one of developer Bram Cohen's primary goal. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

11. November 19, 201611 The BitTorrent protocol was designed by Bram Cohen in April 2001, now maintained by BitTorrent, Inc. BitTorrent was written in Python prior to version 06 and was a free software, now rebranded as µTorrent, no longer open source. In November of 2004, BitTorrent was responsible for 35% of all Internet traffic. As of 2009, BitTorrent reportedly had about the same number of active users online as viewers of YouTube and Facebook combined. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

12. November 19, 201612.torrent - A pointer file that directs your computer to the file you want to download. Peer – Active node in the network that does not have the complete file (upload & download). Leeches - People who download files but do not upload files on their own computer with others. Seed - A computer with a complete copy of a BitTorrent file (At least one seed computer is necessary for a BitTorrent download to operate). Swarm - A group of computers simultaneously sending (uploading) or receiving (downloading) the same file.. Tracker - A server that manages the BitTorrent file-transfer process. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

13. November 19, 201613 Tracker - A server that keeps track of leechers and seeds in the network. The tracker is centralized. Share Ratio – The ratio of amount of a file downloaded to that of uploaded. Index sites -Also referred to as a torrent search engine. Contains.torrent files for download. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

14. November 19, 201614 You open a Web page and click on a link for the file you want. BitTorrent client software communicates with a tracker to find other computers running BitTorrent that have the complete file (seed computers) and those with a portion of the file (peers that are usually in the process of downloading the file). The tracker identifies the swarm, which are connected computers that have all or a portion of the file and are in the process of sending or receiving it. The tracker helps the client software to trade pieces of the file we want with other computers in the swarm. Your computer receives multiple pieces of the file simultaneously. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

15. November 19, 201615  Swarm  Set of peers all downloading the same file.  Organized as a random mesh.  Each node knows list of pieces downloaded by neighbors.  Node requests pieces it does not own from neighbors.  Exact method explained later. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

16. November 19, 201616  File Ubantu.iso.torrent hosted at a (well-known) webserver.  The.torrent has address of tracker for file.  The tracker, which runs on a webserver as well, keeps track of all peers downloading file. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

17. November 19, 201617  File Ubantu.iso.torrent hosted at a (well-known) webserver.  The.torrent has address of tracker for file.  The tracker, which runs on a webserver as well, keeps track of all peers downloading file. www.bittorrent.com Peer 1 Ubantu.iso.torrent Pardeshi Dhananjay.

18. November 19, 201618  File Ubantu.iso.torrent hosted at a (well-known) webserver.  The.torrent has address of tracker for file.  The tracker, which runs on a webserver as well, keeps track of all peers downloading file. Peer Tracker Addresses of peers 2 www.bittorrent.com Pardeshi Dhananjay.

19. November 19, 201619  File Ubantu.iso.torrent hosted at a (well-known) webserver  The.torrent has address of tracker for file  The tracker, which runs on a webserver as well, keeps track of all peers downloading file Peer Tracker3 www.bittorrent.com Swarm Pardeshi Dhananjay.

20. November 19, 201620 Manages users participating in a torrent (known as peers). Stores statistics about the torrent. Allows peers to find each others and start communication. Keeps track of pieces of file and what peer have which piece. Peers communicate with tracker using HTTP protocol. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

21. November 19, 201621 Pardeshi Dhananjay.

22. November 19, 201622  Peers:-  A peer is another computer on the internet that you connect to and transfer data. Generally a peer does not have the complete file.  Leeches:-  They are similar to peers in that they won’t have the complete file. But the main difference between the two is a leech will not upload once the file is downloaded.  Seeds:-  A computer that has a complete copy of a certain torrent. It only uploads the file. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

23. November 19, 201623 Web page with link to.torrent A B C Peer [Leech] Downloade r “US” Peer [Seed] Peer [Leech] Tracker Get-announce Response-peer list pieces Web Server Pardeshi Dhananjay.

24. November 19, 201624 Web page with link to.torrent A B C Peer [Leech] Downloade r “US” Peer [Seed] Peer [Leech] Tracker Web Server.torrent Pardeshi Dhananjay.

25. November 19, 201625 Web page with link to.torrent A B C Peer [Leech] Downloade r “US” Peer [Seed] Peer [Leech] Tracker Get-announce Web Server Pardeshi Dhananjay.

26. November 19, 201626 Web page with link to.torrent A B C Peer [Leech] Downloade r “US” Peer [Seed] Peer [Leech] Tracker Response-peer list Web Server Pardeshi Dhananjay.

27. November 19, 201627 Web page with link to.torrent A B C Peer [Leech] Downloade r “US” Peer [Seed] Peer [Leech] Tracker Shake-hand Web Server Shake-hand Pardeshi Dhananjay.

28. November 19, 201628 Web page with link to.torrent A B C Peer [Leech] Downloade r “US” Peer [Seed] Peer [Leech] Tracker pieces Web Server Pardeshi Dhananjay.

29. November 19, 201629 Web page with link to.torrent A B C Peer [Leech] Downloade r “US” Peer [Seed] Peer [Leech] Tracker pieces Web Server Pardeshi Dhananjay.

30. November 19, 201630  Random First Piece  Special case, at the beginning.  Rarest First  General rule.  Endgame Mode  Special case. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

31. November 19, 201631  Initially, a peer has nothing to trade.  Important to get a complete piece ASAP.  So as to assemble first complete piece quickly.  Then participate in uploads.  Select a random piece of the file and download it. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

32. November 19, 201632  Look at all pieces at all peers, and request piece that’s owned by fewest peers.  Increases diversity in the pieces downloaded.  avoids case where a node and each of its peers have exactly the same pieces; increases throughput.  Increases likelihood all pieces still available even if original seed leaves before any one node has downloaded entire file. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

33. November 19, 201633  Near the end, missing pieces are requested from every peer containing them.  This ensures that a download is not prevented from completion due to a single peer with a slow transfer rate.  Some bandwidth is wasted, but in practice, this is not too much. Pardeshi Dhananjay.

34. November 19, 201634 Seeder: A Downloader B {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} {} {1,2,3} Downloader C {} {1,2,3} {1,2,3,4} {1,2,3,5} {1,2,3,4,5} Pardeshi Dhananjay.

35.  News of increased adoption of this revolutionary protocol continues to emerge, and this seems to be a rich area for continued research in computer networking, with significant potential benefits to society.  If BitTorrent and similar protocols do find a legal place in the internet, it will certainly help to pave the way for distributing rich media on the internet, and provide the impetus for new innovations. November 19, 201635 Pardeshi Dhananjay.

36. November 19, 201636 1.http://computer.howstuffworks.com/bittorrent.htm 2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent 3.http://computer.howstuffworks.com/file-sharing.htm 4.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web 5.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network 6.http://www.bittorrent.com/help/guides/beginners-guide Pardeshi Dhananjay.

37. November 19, 201637 Pardeshi Dhananjay.