1. The Social Service Delivery System CHAPTER 4

2. Cell Phones  Keep them on silent  Check them during breaks if needed  Please, please, please, please do NOT just sit and scroll during lecture

3. Types of Social Service Delivery  Public  Created by federal, state and local government agencies  Funded by taxes  Laws dictate the extent and scope of programs (some are mandated by law)  Mostly civil service  Examples  DCFS, OJJ, FPHSA  Private  Community, national or international special-interest groups  Board of Directors develop policies  Income from multiple sources – donations, grants, endowments, fees for service  Mostly voluntary  Examples  New Horizons YSB, Child Advocacy Center

4. Two types of Organizations  Agencies  Organization that actually delivers the services  Associations  Groups that come together to advance a common purpose of their members  NASW and CSWE

5. Settings  Primary Setting  Offer the social services  Social work services directly relate to agency mission  Host Setting  Social service component compliments, supports or enhances the agency mission  Social workers are adjuncts to the organizational purposes  Examples  Schools, hospitals, court services

6. Religion  Nonsecratarian – no religious affiliation  All public agencies  Private agencies with no religious affiliation  Sectarian Affiliation  Designates a religious affiliation  Smaller – church supported groups  Larger – hospitals, child care facilities

7. Nonprofit vs. For-Profit  Nonprofit  Service Motive  Refers to tax status – does not mean the agency does not generate income  Income and profit is used for agency services and resources – paychecks  For-Profit  Profit Motive  Portion of profit is returned to investors

8. Private/Independent Practice  Social workers that practice on their own or in a group without an agency affiliation  Responsible for the business of their practice and arrange their own contract for services  Increased level of burnout  Consult with other professionals  What level of licensure must you have to have a private practice?

9. Geographic Locations  Urban  What does urban mean?  What are some of the issues this population may face?  Large population  Overcrowding  Unemployment  Poverty  Rotating population

10. Group Activity  Describe some specific situations that may arise working with this population.  Is there any particular types of training you feel you would need for this group?

11. Geography Continued  Rural  What does rural mean?  What are some of the unique challenges with a rural population?  Social workers are usually members of the community  Poverty rates are higher than the national average  Higher rate of single parent families and older adults – why?  Lower educational levels  No public transportation  Less agency resources – services typically cluster in one location  Fewer Professionals and Higher burnout

12. Group Activity  Describe some specific situations that may arise working with this population.  Is there any particular types of training you feel you would need for this group?

13. What can you do with Rural Location Barriers?  Must develop partnerships with local resources  Use volunteers  Initiate community work/forums/planning committees  Attend local chamber meetings, etc.  Set boundaries  Separate personal from professional life

14. Break

15. Types of Funding  How are we funded?  Federal and State Funding – taxes  Grants  Community Funds  Endowments and Special Funds  Insurance Reimbursement  Fees for Services

16. Federal and State Funding  Legislative Mandates earmark appropriations from general taxes and social security contributions  If funding is reduced – services are cut  Southeast Hospital went from more than 200 beds to 54  State level positions frozen – who does the work  Federal Programs – SNAP, Social Security Act

17. Group Activity  Think of some community outcomes that result when government funding is cut  Think of things that may affect everyone when certain populations are without resources

18. Grants  SW organizations that submit applications for particular program or service  Time limited – must be reviewed  Subject to a strict review system  Grants typically have – documentation of the problem, stated target population, assessment of needs, service goals, MEASURABLE objectives, program evaluation method, letters of support showing the grant would impact that program, population, community  Federal government and private organizations offer grants – SLU has its own grant writing department

19. Insurance Reimbursement  SW services are expanding service options that generate income through insurances  SW weren’t always approved to bill insurance  Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO’s) require certain credentials  Problems:  Often insurance guides decisions about interventions – could this be a problem? Is it ethical?  Some insurances are not willing to pay very much or for very many sessions – if do elongate services – must be justified

20. Issues in Funding  Privatization  Governments give their money to private agencies instead of expanding governmental programs  Issues with this?  Social Triage  Each agency screens clients for services  Issues of waiting lists – what happens during the wait?  Must define clients and “treatable” or “untreatable” or “worthy/unworthy”  Issues with this?

21. Staffing Patterns  Social workers – What are the levels of licensure  Trend is to hire out staff that is not as expensive…  Paraprofessionals – some specialized training, but not at the level of professional  Volunteers

22. Computers and Technology in Service Delivery  Obviously increasing – keeping notes, data, writing reports, communicating electronically, etc.  Technology use is increasing for greater population – accessing emails, applying for jobs, computerized tests  Issues  Not everyone has a computer – widens the gap between those who have and those who don’t  Security issues – confidentiality – web based programs – are they confidential  Social media – clients access to personal information, your access to clients information, conflicts of interest, ethics

23. Group Activity  Think of issues that could occur relating to serving clients and computers…..  You are providing therapy to someone who has 15 mutual friends  They attempt to contact you on social media  Your phone gets hacked  Your computer gets stolen

24. Self-Help Groups  10 million people per year (1/3 substance abuse groups)  Parent support groups, Grief groups, Disability, Illness, etc.  Based on empowerment from other individuals who have been through the same thing  Swers should keep a record of current groups in the area  Not always run by a professional – be careful  Studies report that they are effective, but how effective or if they are more effective in comparison to other treatments needs to be studied

25. Social Service Delivery System  One view – the system is a collection of discrete program options that are available to eligible clients (Fragmented)  Other view – pictures the social service delivery system as a coordinated system that addresses quality of life issues and flexibly responds to the needs of clients – generalist – not specialized (Coordinated)

26. Fragmented  Limited service options – rigid criteria and delivery – restricted in their ability to help clients  Issues  Funding and advocacy focuses on only serving an individual problem and not the greater community  Funding is based on categories – not generalized – most clients don’t fit into one category  Funding does not allow duplication and often forces elimination of agency choice

27. Coordinated Services  Social Service Provisions are:  Comprehensive and universal  Incorporate client's participation, choice and decision making  Involve a broad base of representation – clients, consumers, providers, etc.  Evaluate outcomes to ensure effectiveness  Afford procedural simplicity to ensure efficiency and client access  Allocate adequate financing

28. Values and Ethics in Social Work CHAPTER 5

29. Values  What are values?  They are the implicit and explicit ideas we cherish as ideal or valuable  They shape our beliefs, emotions and attitudes  They define our norms and guide our behavior  The can be emotionally charged

30. Values into Action  Values provide motivation and direction for behavior  Values are arranged hierarchically – depending on situations, one may take precedence over another to guide actions  Values can create conflict in actions  Example from the book: Most people say they believe in the “sanctity of life”  People who are both for abortion and who oppose it may believe that same value, but translate it into different directions for action  Individuals may have conflict within – against abortion, but have a client that has cancer and needs chemo to live – certain instances may cause individuals to go against what they believe to be important values

31. Values Shift  Late 19 th century  Focus on reforming individuals  Poor people required “guidance” and were only poor because they refused to profit from the abundant opportunities they were presented  Early 20 th century  Focus on social reform  The Great Depression – everyone affected – changed the mindset of individual responsibility

32. Social Workers Professional Values  Value statements usually express ideals accepted by the profession as a whole  Concrete Terms….  If social workers believe in the dignity and worth of all people, how do their beliefs shape their actions?  If social workers believe all people should have access to resources, what are the implications for those beliefs in advocacy?  IF social workers believe people have the right to self-determination, how does that change their approach to practice?

33. How Values Guide Practice  They influence how clients and social worker define presenting issues or problems  Approaches to resolving social problems may reflect opposing community and agency priorities  Appropriateness of intervention methods described by agency policies may conflict with professional opinions  Family members in disagreement could affect social workers belief of Self-Determination

34. Agencies and Values  An agency mission statement should reflect the agency's values and it should be apparent in client treatment  Any agency that employs a social worker is required to hold up the professions values  NASW has developed professional standards that should be followed – with specific indications for certain populations

35. Client System and Values  All people have their own unique set of values  Influence can include racial or ethnic heritage, gender, educational level, and socioeconomic status  Do not generalize about a value you think a person may have or that may exist within a group  Social workers must individualize each clients situation

36. Group Activity  Name a value that you hold in high regard.  How could this help you in social work practice?  How may this create conflict?  Write it down.

37. Next Week  Guest Speaker  Remainder of Chapter 5  Values paper due