2. HITLER AND THE NUREMBERG LAWS Stephen Watts Edisto High School

4. HITLER’S WELTANSCHAAUNG “That nobody from Bohemia” Father a tyrant Both Parents die at a young age

5. Vienna –Artist Rejected by Vienna Arts Academy –Very worldly in views –Viewed Jews as reason for him not getting in school –Street artist –Homeless shelters

6. Munich – on the run from A-H authorities June 28, 1914 Enlisted in German army

7. Wartime service –Bicycle messenger –Promoted to corporal –Awarded Iron Cross 1918 surrender… Weimar Republic  “November Criminals”

8. 1919-1923 Weimar Republic Germans felt betrayed after WWI –“Stabbed-in-the-back” theory: did not loose on the battlefield –Many people, soldiers mostly, join right- wing groups Afraid of communists Economic problems plus harsh treaty –Right wing groups said they wouldn’t obey treaty –They would Fix Economic problems

9. German Nazi Base Racism was key: anti-Semitism –Hate all Jews Use Force against communists Nationalism and rhetoric [good speaking] are popular with common people –“Traditional Values” –“Who is to Blame”

10. Hitler remains in Germany after war Spied on radical groups German Workers Party -> becomes National Socialist (Nazi) party –Hitler becomes leader –Creates his 1 st S.P force, the S.A Munich – Beer Hall Putsch (1923) –Tries to use force Total failure –Shows him legal way is only way

11. Hitler is arrested –Sham trial –Most judges/people support his idea Landsberg Prison Mein Kampf –Lebensraum –Biological/ Racial anti- Semitism

12. Mein Kampf The great masses of the people will more easily fall victim to a big lie than to a small one. I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord. The art of leadership... consists in consolidating the attention of the people against a single adversary and taking care that nothing will split up that attention.... The leader of genius must have the ability to make different opponents appear as if they belonged to one category.

13. NSDAP (Nazi’s) Shift focus to propaganda to gain support “First power, then politics” The “Germany Fights”

14. What major change occurs? 1924-1929 –Focus on traditional values –Built on fear of left wing groups –Use of military imagery –Good economy does not allow good support 1929-1932 - A Change in Fortunes –Great Depression Hits –Unemployment rises rapidly –Hyperinflation recurs –Threat of Communism increases –Coalition government fails to address problems successfully

15. Major Pre-Gov’t strategies Nazis used force to prevent uprisings Their rhetoric played on people’s fears New economic policies Emphasis placed on military power won support of many soldiers Propaganda and shows of might impressed the masses {spectacles}

16. Won majority of seats in Reichstag in 1933

17. I.In 1933, Nazi’s burn down Reichstag, but blame Communists and Jews I.Begin to crackdown on everyone they hate II.Gain legal “seizure of power” through elections III.President of Germany appoints Hitler chancellor (like our president) IV.Enabling Act = allowed government to ignore constitution and do whatever it needed V.President Dies, Hitler gets total power

19. Photo is NOT REAL Hitler and friends set it up How it Hitler dressed? How it the other guy dressed (The President) What kind of message do you think this sends?

20. In 1933 – Hitler is now in total control –All other political parties outlawed –“Gestapo” or secret police created Also has “SS” bodyguards Work begins on the “Final Solution” –Extermination of 10 million unwanted people –Concentration camps

21. –a massive state propaganda program was implemented, inc. Nuremberg Rallies Goebbels, as Min. of Truth and Enlightenment, created the “Big Lie” Unacceptable ideas were stamped out – the “Burning of the Books”

22. The Big Lie The great masses of the people will more easily fall victim to a big lie than to a small one.

24. –Nuremburg Laws of 1936 –These included the Civil Service Law and the Preservation of Blood and Honour Laws ARTICLE 2 –A citizen of the Reich may be only one who is of German or kindred blood, and who, through his behavior, shows that he is both desirous and personally fit to serve loyally the German people and the Reich. –German Jews were systematically denied their rights of citizenship and pushed out of the German nation

25. Nazi racial thinking – Ger. natl community drew its strength from pure blood and sacred Ger. earth So the bureaucracy grew – the 1933 and later laws sought to exclude Jews from this utopian vision: the Civil Service Law – the physicians law, –the disbarring of lawyers, –the Law against Overcrowding of Ger. Schools, – the Law for Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring (sterilization program/T4), – the Reich Flag Law (swastika as symbol), –the Citizenship Law, –the Law for the Defense of Ger. Blood and Honour, –Law for the Protection of the Hereditary Health of the German People (the last outlawed Hebrew and any kind of sexual contact b/n Aryans and no-Aryans)

26. The Nazis had to figure out a way to implement the Nur. Laws…the layers of fault/blame in implementation of Nur. Laws can be portrayed in a bull’s eye pattern…(D. Bankier) Innermost layer – Hitler/Nazi core … Next – the idealists/careerists - SS/Gestapo Next, someone in the Min. of Welfare who makes the rule that Jews can’t redeem vouchers for glasses, so Jewish opticians end up w/ a ltd. customer base (these “micro” details don’t come from the top but instead come from a bureaucrat who is working for promotion) At the next level, an opera director is fired because he is a Jew, and his replacement takes the job, even if thinks that it might not be fair… The racial laws, inc. the Civil Service Law, have the effect of tranquilizing the situation (the law is not the fault of the bureaucrats – the gov’t passed it – but it is the role of the bureaucrats to implement it)

27. 1938 – Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass” Jewish homes, temples, business destroyed all over Germany 100’ die 50,000 sent to concentration camps –Which means death German Jews required to wear the famous “Yellow Star” Concept of Final Solution created –Eliminate all Jews from the planet German focus of “Pure” Germans only is now 100% in focus. All other persons are worthless

28. The Nazis let the “laws” of the market go after Jews the Nazis would go to companies and offer to buy “x” amt. and go on to ask if was it “fair” that the co. should sell to Jews as well… the Nazi boycott led cos. to deny sales to Jews then the Nazis would go to and extort individual merchants  this forced Jews into bankruptcy – they had to sell at low prices and even the 5% the Jewish merchant would get he wouldn’t be able to take if he emigrated (and emigration had been a major goal of the Nazis, inc. the 1930s Madagascar scheme and the Havarah Agreement)  most Jews realistically faced the restrictions of the Evian Conference…

29. this eco shift was key to the Aryanization of the eco. maybe 40% of the buyers were unscrupulous profiteers, 40% were the sleeping partners, 20% were the well-meaning and sympathetic business owners who tried to be fair… so on average 80% took advantage not b/c they were anti-Semitic but b/c they wanted to get richer  and thus the Nuremberg Laws were sold and the Holocaust set in motion… Hitler did this to eliminate the Jews; and the redistribution of property appeased people…the Holocaust can thus for Bankier be traced to eco. determinism…

30. Your Turn! Creative Thinking Time! Choose some way, I don’t care how, and summarize Hitler's rise to power up to this point. –You can draw, color, rap, use graphic organizers, or write it out in outline/paragraph form. –It must include major changes in power, beliefs, or significant events (you get to decide)

31. –Hitler was lionized as “der Fuehrer”, and the 3rd Reich born –WW2 starts one year later

32. Germany Invades the Rhineland March 7, 1936

33. The Austrian Anschluss, 1936

34. The “Problem” of the Sudetenland

35. The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939 Francisco Franco

36. The Spanish Civil War: A Dress Rehearsal for WW II? Italian troops in Madrid

37. “ Guernica” by Pablo Picasso

38. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain

39. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov