1. Year-End Tax Planning for 2016 Things to Consider!

2. Anticipation of Changes 2 Will there be tax reform or changes to come in the future based on outcome of election? What will be the priorities of the newly elected Congress?

3. Due Date Changes 3

4. What Do the Due Date Changes Mean for Me? 4 Generally effective for 2016 tax returns Tax returns are due in a more logical order based on flow of information needed Must address the state conformity issues to determine the correct due dates

5. Provisions Made Permanent With the PATH Act of 2015 5 Depreciation/Section 179 Charitable contributions Child Tax Credit American Opportunity Tax Credit Educator expenses deduction Transportation benefits State/local sales tax deduction

6. Permanent Extensions Detail Charitable Distributions for IRA Owners Child Tax Credit American Opportunity Tax Credit Educator Expense Deduction — $250 for 2016 - indexed for inflation Employer-Provided Mass Transit/Parking — exclusions now equal Deduction of State/Local Sales Taxes — option to claim itemized deduction for sales tax in lieu of state and local taxes paid 6

7. Two-Year Expiration (Expire at the End of 2016) 7 Exclusion of discharge of indebtedness on principal residence Deduction of mortgage insurance premiums Above-the-line deduction for qualified tuition and fees 10% credit for qualified energy property

8. Tax Brackets for 2016 8 RATESINGLEMARRIED (JOINT)HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 10%$0–$9,275$0–$18,550$0–$13,250 15%$9,276–$37,650$18,551–$75,300$13,251–$50,400 25%$37,651–$91,150$75,301–$151,900$50,401–$130,150 28%$91,151–$190,150$151,901–$231,450$130,151–$210,800 33%$190,151–$413,350$231,451–$413,350$210,801–$413,350 35%$413,351–$415,050$413,351–$466,950$413,351–$441,000 39.6%$415,051 and up$466,951 and up$441,001 and up

9. Dividend and Capital Gains Rates Unchanged The top tax bracket for dividends and capital gains is 20% (23.8% if the net investment income tax applies). Here’s the breakdown: 9

10. Personal Exemptions 10 2016: $4,050 per eligible person Phase-out starts at these AGI levels: -Single: $259,400 -Married filing jointly: $311,300 -Head of household: $285,350 -Married filing separately: $155,650

11. Itemized Deductions 11 Limited for high-income taxpayers 3% reduction once AGI exceeds threshold Reduction never goes above 20% Exceptions for certain deductions include: -Medical expenses -Investment expenses -Casualty or theft losses

12. Affordable Care Act Provisions 12 Fee increase for uninsured -2016: Higher of 2.5% of yearly household income or $695 per person ($347.50 per child under 18) Premium Tax Credit -Household income between 100% and 400% of federal poverty line

13. Quick Review of Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) Additional 3.8% tax Affects individuals, estates and trusts with income above certain thresholds Capital gains, interest and dividends Rental and royalty income Medicare surcharge of 0.9% may also apply to wages, compensation and self-employment income

14. Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) 14 Created to close loopholes the wealthy exploit How does it work? -Adds back certain non-taxable income and removes some deductions -Re-computed income is then multiplied by the applicable rate (26% or 28%) = AMT Higher of AMT or regular tax is paid Complex to calculate and keep records for Good news: AMT exemption amount and income thresholds to be indexed to inflation in the future (rather than having to wait on legislation every year for these amounts)

15. Retirement Planning 15 401(k)/403(b): -$18,000 + $6,000 for 50 and over IRA: -$5,500 + $1,000 for 50 and over Roth IRA: -Income limits on contributing, but anyone can convert funds to a Roth

16. Estate and Gift Taxes 16 2016 estate tax exemption: $5.45 million Top rate is 40% 2016 gift tax annual exclusion: $14,000 New basis reporting rules Estate planning is more than minimizing estate taxes -Updating documents -Repurposing insurance -Privacy -Asset protection

17. Education Tax Credits 17 American Opportunity Tax Credit -Up to $2,500 for first 4 years post-secondary school Lifetime Learning Credit -Up to $2,000 for all post-secondary expenses Tuition and Fees Deduction

18. Charitable Contribution Reminders Numerous rules on documentation -If don’t follow the rules, no deduction allowed Donation by cash or check -Must have proof of payment. Cash or non-cash donation of $250 or more -Need “contemporaneous written acknowledgement” from the charity. Non-cash donations over $500 -Need details of what was donated, its cost, value and more (see Form 8283) Non-cash/non-publicly traded stock worth over $5,000 -Need a qualified appraisal Clothing and household items -Must be in good used condition or better 18

19. State and Local Tax Issues 19 Beware of withholding, filing and payment obligations if you operate in multiple states Sales tax rules vary: -Type of product -Different counties and municipalities

20. Last-Minute Planning Tips 20 Consult your tax adviser about pre-paying deductible expenses before Dec. 31 -Tuition due in January -Fourt-quarter state estimates Harvest capital losses Maximize retirement savings Avoid mutual fund purchases in December Gift appreciated stock Don’t forget your flexible spending account (FSA)

21. Top Issues for Small Business 21 Capital equipment/vehicle purchases in service by Dec. 31 Bonus/payroll adjustments Defer/accelerate income/deductions based on anticipation of 2017 situation Health insurance Retirement planning

22. Depreciation 22 PERMANENT Property eligible for 15-year straight- line depreciation — qualified leasehold improvements; restaurant and retail improvements Section 179: $500K (indexed for inflation 2017 & forward) HVAC placed in service after 2015 is eligible FIVE–YEAR EXTENDERS (Expire in 2019) Bonus depreciation of 50% of basis of qualifying property for 2015–17 Percentage phases down in 2018, 2019

23. Employer Shared Responsibility (ESR) Employers with 50 or more full-time equivalents (FTEs) are deemed “applicable large employers” (ALE) and can be subject to the ESR penalty Form 1094-C Employer Transmittal Form: Summary of health coverage provided -Filed with the IRS by Feb. 28 or March 31 (if filing electronically) -Helps IRS to determine if ALE is subject to ESR penalty Form 1095-C Employee Transmittal Form: Provide to full-time employees for tax return filing use -Due to employees by Jan. 31 -Reports health insurance coverage offered -Help determine if ALE is subject to ESR penalty AND if employees are eligible for premium tax credit 23

24. SHOP Marketplace 24 Employers with 50 or fewer FTEs can participate in the SHOP Marketplace Small businesses can qualify for a credit: -Fewer than 25 full-time equivalents -Average annual wages less than $50,000 -Contribute 50% or more to employee premiums

25. Small Business — Saving for Retirement 25 Savings Incentive Match for Employees (SIMPLE) Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) plans Profit-sharing plans A variety of 401(k) plans

26. Protect Yourself from Identity Theft 26 Individuals -Protect your information -Shred your mail -Don’t be fooled by “phishing” or other phone or email scams -Check your credit report regularly -Contact all three reporting agencies as soon as you have a breach Businesses -Only collect what you need for as long as you need it -Secure your network -Train and restrict access -Audit regularly

27. Planning Opportunities 27 Complexity = possible savings opportunities A CPA can help

28. Questions © 2016 American Institute of CPAs. All rights reserved. 20583-312