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Ecosystems. Definitions  Ecology - Study of interactions between organisms & environment  Population – same organisms, living together  Community –

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Presentation on theme: "Ecosystems. Definitions  Ecology - Study of interactions between organisms & environment  Population – same organisms, living together  Community –"— Presentation transcript:

1 Ecosystems

2 Definitions  Ecology - Study of interactions between organisms & environment  Population – same organisms, living together  Community – several populations, living together  Ecosystem - abiotic & biotic components of an area

3 Definitions  Biotic factors – Living things  Abiotic factors – Non-living things  Soil  Water  Weather

4 Definitions  Habitat – where a population lives  Niche – function of a species in its community (its job)

5 Succession  Process where species are gradually replaced by other species  Primary Succession : Begins in lifeless area  Secondary Succession : Occurs in areas of previous growth

6 Primary Succession

7 Secondary Succession

8 Energy in an Ecosystem  Primary productivity  Rate in which organic material is made by photosynthesis  Determines amount of energy available in an ecosystem  Producers – make energy by photosynthesis  Consumers – eat to obtain energy

9 Regional annual net primary production for Earth

10 Food Chains & Trophic Levels

11 Food Webs

12 Energy Pyramid 10% of energy is passed on to next trophic level

13 An overview of ecosystem dynamics

14 Biological magnification of DDT in a food chain

15 Biogeochemical Cycles  Pathways where chemicals cycle between living things and non-living things.  Water cycle  Carbon cycle  Nitrogen cycle

16 The water cycle

17 The carbon cycle

18 The nitrogen cycle

19 Human Disturbance of Chemical Cycles  Acid precipitation  pH is too low for organisms to live  Toxins in the environment  Biological magnification  Increasing carbon dioxide  Global warming  Depletion of atmospheric ozone  Sunburn, among other things


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