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Published byErnest Douglas Modified over 8 years ago
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Ecosystems
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Definitions Ecology - Study of interactions between organisms & environment Population – same organisms, living together Community – several populations, living together Ecosystem - abiotic & biotic components of an area
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Definitions Biotic factors – Living things Abiotic factors – Non-living things Soil Water Weather
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Definitions Habitat – where a population lives Niche – function of a species in its community (its job)
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Succession Process where species are gradually replaced by other species Primary Succession : Begins in lifeless area Secondary Succession : Occurs in areas of previous growth
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Primary Succession
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Secondary Succession
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Energy in an Ecosystem Primary productivity Rate in which organic material is made by photosynthesis Determines amount of energy available in an ecosystem Producers – make energy by photosynthesis Consumers – eat to obtain energy
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Regional annual net primary production for Earth
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Food Chains & Trophic Levels
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Food Webs
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Energy Pyramid 10% of energy is passed on to next trophic level
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An overview of ecosystem dynamics
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Biological magnification of DDT in a food chain
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Biogeochemical Cycles Pathways where chemicals cycle between living things and non-living things. Water cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle
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The water cycle
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The carbon cycle
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The nitrogen cycle
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Human Disturbance of Chemical Cycles Acid precipitation pH is too low for organisms to live Toxins in the environment Biological magnification Increasing carbon dioxide Global warming Depletion of atmospheric ozone Sunburn, among other things
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