2. TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE ORIGINATION: Upper part- External occipital protuberance, medial third of the superior nuchal line, the ligamentous nuchal, and the spinouse process of C7 Medial part- spinouse process of T1-T5 Lower part- Spinouse process of T6-T12 INSERTION: Upper part- lateral third of the clavicle and the medial aspect of the acromion process of the scapula Middle part- medial edge of the superior surface of the acromion process Of the scapula and the scapular spine. Lower part- tubercles of the apex of the scapular spine INNERVATION: Spinal accessory cranial XI, ventral rami C2-C4 BLOOD SUPPLY: Branches from the thyrocervical trunk.

3. SERATUS ANTERIOR ORIGION : The lateral aspect of the superior eight ribs and the anterior intercostal membranes from the midclavicular line,The lower slips interdigitating with external abdominal oblique. INSERTION : Volar surface of the axillary border of the scapular, spanning the superior and inferior angles INERVATION : long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7) BLOOD SUPPLLY : Thoracic branch of the axillary artery

4. SERATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ORIGIN: Lower part of the nuchal ligament and the spinous process of the vertebrae C7 through T3 and their corresponding supraspinous ligaments INSERTION: Superior borders and external surfaces of the second to fifth ribs, lateral to their angles. INNERVATION: Ventral rami of T1,2,3,4,and 5. BLOOD SUPPLY: superior intercostal artery ACTION: Elevates the ribs which aids in inspiration

5. SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR ORIGIN: Spinous process of T11 – L2/L3 and their corresponding supraspinous ligaments, blending with the lumber part of the thoracolumbar fascia INSERIOTN: inferior borders and outer surface of the lower four ribs (9 th -12 th ), lateral to their angles INNERVATION: Ventral primary of T9-T12 (intercostal and subcostal nerves). BLOOD SUPPLY: Dorsal branches of the subcostal arteries. ACTION: Depress the lower ribs aid in expiration, Assists rotation and extension of the trunk.

6. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle STERNAL HEAD: Origin: upper part of the anterior surface of the manubrium CLAVICULAR HEAD: Origin- superior surface of the medial one third of clavicle INSERTION: lateral surface of the mastoid process of the occipital bone, from its apex to its superior border, and by a thin aponeurosis to the lateral half of the superior nuchal line INNERVATION: Accessory nerve: cranial nerve XII and ventral rami of the (C2,C3) BLOOD SUPPLY: Branches from the vertebral artery

7. References References : o Gerard J.Tortora.(1989). Principles Of Human Anatomy, 5 th Edition. Harper & Row. Bergen Community College. o TeachMeAnatomy.info (http://www.teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/muscles/thoracic-cage/)http://www.teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/muscles/thoracic-cage/ o thewellnessdigest.com/serratus-anatomy o thewellnessdigest.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/12/seratus_posterior_superior.jpg o thewellnessdigest.com/serratus-posterior-inferior-muscle-anatomy/

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