1. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 1 © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. David P. Twomey - Boston College Marianne M. Jennings - Arizona State University

2. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Chapter 2 The Court System and Dispute Resolution 2

3. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 A. The Court System 1.The Types of Courts 2.The Federal Court System 3.State Court Systems

4. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 4 A. The Court System [LO.1]  A court is a tribunal established by the government to: – Hear evidence and decide cases brought before it, – Provide remedies when a wrong has been committed, and – Prevent possible future wrongs by issuing the equitable remedy of an injunction.

5. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 5 A. The Court System 1.Types of Courts: – Courts hear disputes according to their jurisdiction (the authority to hear cases). –Subject matter jurisdiction covers types of proceedings a court may hear. –Original jurisdiction conduct ‘first findings’ in a case. –General jurisdiction gives broad authority over different types of cases.

6. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 6 A. The Court System 1. Types of Courts (continued): –Limited or special jurisdiction courts deal with cases restricted to certain subject matter. –Appellate jurisdiction reviews the work of a lower court. Either affirm or reverse.  Yates v State case: using non-existing (or misleading) material in the cross-examination and closing argument is reversible error.

7. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. A. The Court System 2.The Federal Court System:  Supreme Court –Highest appeals court –Review from lower appeals courts are usually at their discretion  U.S. Court of Appeals –Circuit Courts have jurisdiction by geographic area –Federal Circuit has nationwide jurisdiction by subject area 7

8. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 8 A. The Court System 2. The Federal Court System: (A)Federal District Courts: general trial courts of original jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. Jurisdiction limited to: –Civil suits in which the United States is a party. –Cases between citizens of different states involving damages of $75,000 or more. –Cases arising under US Constitution or federal laws and treaties.

9. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 9 A. The Court System 2.The Federal Court System: (B) U.S. Courts of Appeals: Appeals from federal district courts in twelve circuits, including one for D.C. A thirteenth Federal Circuit hears certain types of appeals from all circuits.

10. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 10 A. The Court System 2.The Federal Court System: (C)U.S. Supreme Court: Highest court in the land. Final appeal for all federal and state cases. Original jurisdiction for ambassadors, public ministers or consuls and suits involving two states.

11. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 11 A. The Court System 3.State Court Systems:  State Supreme Court: –Possible appeal to the US Supreme Court –Has different names in different states  General Trial Court: –County Court –Circuit Court –Superior Court

12. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 12 A. The Court System 3.State Court Systems: (A)General Trial Courts: Courts of general and original jurisdiction that hear both civil and criminal cases. (B)Specialty Courts: Limited jurisdiction for family law, probate, or juvenile cases. (C)City, Municipal, and Justice Courts: Handle civil matters below $5,000 or $10,000 in dispute and misdemeanor cases.

13. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 13 A. The Court System 3.State Court Systems: (D)Small Claims Courts: Limited jurisdiction for specific amounts in controversy, typically where no lawyers represent the parties. (E)State Appellate Courts: Intermediate-level courts similar to the federal court of appeals. (F)State Supreme Courts: The highest court on most states. Decisions are final except when federal law or treaty of the U.S. constitution is involved.

14. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 14 B. Court Procedure 4.Participants in the Court System 5.Which Law Applies—Conflicts of Law 6.Initial Steps in a Lawsuit 7.The Trial 8.Posttrial Procedures

15. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 15 B. Court Procedure [LO.2] 4.Participants in the Court System: Plaintiff: initiates civil proceedings. Prosecutor initiates criminal proceedings. Defendant: party against whom civil or criminal proceedings are brought. Judge: primary officer of the court, manages case. Attorney-Client Privilege: confidentiality between counsel and client. Jury: body of citizens sworn by court to reach a verdict.

16. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 16 B. Court Procedure 5. Which Law Applies? - Conflict of Laws: –Law of state where complaint is filed governs procedural issues and evidence rules. –For contract litigation, courts apply law of state in which contract was formed. –For contract performance, courts apply law of state in which contract is to be performed. –International contracts follow similar rules.

17. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 17 B. Court Procedure 6. Initial Steps in Lawsuit: (A)Commencement of a Lawsuit: Begins with filing a complaint and request for damages. (B)Service of Process: Paperwork served on a defendant to give proper notice of complaint. (C)Defendant’s Response and Pleadings: Defendant is required to answer. May deny the allegations or file a motion to dismiss (demurrer). Defendant may also file a counterclaim. Initial documents are called pleadings.

18. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 18 B. Court Procedure 6. Initial Steps in Lawsuit: (D) Discovery: Requires each side to disclose, upon request, information relevant and admissible to the case, including potential witnesses. – Deposition: testimony of witness under oath, can be used to impeach and preserve. – Interrogatories: written questions – Requests for Production of Documents

19. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 19 B. Court Procedure 6. Initial Steps in Lawsuit: (E) Motion for Summary Judgment: When there are no ‘material facts’ in dispute, judge may decide the case as a matter of law. (F)Designation of Expert Witness: Special expertise that will help the trier of fact (usually a jury) explain a standard of care or give value to a legal injury.

20. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 20 B. Court Procedure 7. The Trial: (A)Selecting a Jury. Process of voir dire, the parties may challenge the selection of certain potential jurors. (B)Opening Statements. (C)Presentation of Evidence. Judge determines admissibility. Direct-exam of own witnesses, cross-exam of opposing witnesses. (D)Motion for Directed Verdict. Asks the court to grant verdict due to no basis for recovery.

21. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 21 B. Court Procedure 7.The Trial: (E)Closing Arguments or Summation. (F)Motion for Mistrial. To avoid great injustice, usually based on misconduct or when jurors cannot reach a verdict. (G)Jury Instructions and Verdict. (H)Motion for New Trial; Motion for Judgment N.O.V. Court may grant judgment n.o.v. if verdict is clearly wrong as a matter of law.

22. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 22 B. Court Procedure 8. Posttrial Procedures: (A)Recovery of Costs/Attorney Fees. Generally prevailing party is awarded costs. (B)Execution of Judgment. Accomplished by seizure and sale of losing party’s assets by sheriff. Garnishment is also a common method for collecting a judgment.

23. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 23 C.Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 9.Arbitration 10.Mediation 11.MedArb 12.Reference to a Third Person 13.Association Tribunals

24. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 24 C.Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 14.Summary Jury Trial 15.Rent-A-Judge 16.Mini-Trial 17.Judicial Triage 18.Contract Provisions

25. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 25 C. Alternative Dispute Resolution [LO.3] 9.Arbitration: –Neutral third parties listen to evidence and determine binding resolution on the parties. –Uniform Arbitration Act provides that parties to a contract may agree in advance that any disputes will be submitted to arbitration. –Federal Arbitration Act provides that an arbitration clause in a contract relating to an interstate transaction is valid, irrevocable, and enforceable.

26. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 26 C. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 9.Arbitration: (A)Mandatory Arbitration. Some statutes require that certain types of disputes be submitted to arbitration. (B)Finality of Arbitration. Most parties provide within their arbitration agreement that the decision will be final. If arbitration is mandatory under statute, the losing party may generally appeal it to a court.

27. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 27 C. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 10. Mediation: –Neutral third party makes decision but is usually not binding on the parties. 11.MedArb: – New ADR form in which arbitrator also acts as a mediator/messenger for parties on unresolved issues. 12.Reference to a Third Person

28. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 28 C. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 13. Association Tribunals: –Courts created by trade associations or groups to arbitrate issues between members. 14. Summary Jury Trial: –‘Mock trial’ where lawyers present evidence to a jury of six people. 15.Rent-A-Judge: –Judge is referee, decision can be final.

29. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Twomey - Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. Twomey – Jennings, Anderson’s Business Law and the Legal Environment, 22 nd Ed. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 29 C. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 16. Minitrial: –A trial held on portions or certain issues of a case. 17.Judicial Triage: –Court management tool that is used to expedite cases where time is of the essence. 18.Contract Provisions