1. Chemical Equilibrium For Technological SMK and Agriculture Class XI Semester 4 Compiler : SMK Negeri 7 Bandung

2. Adaptif chemical equilibrium INTEREST STANDARD Comprehends chemical equilibrium in reacting other, the pH measurement method and applying Page 2

3. Adaptif chemical equilibrium ELEMENTARY INTEREST 1.Explains way to express concentration of condensation, the theory asam-basa according to arrhenius, Bronsted-lowry and Lewis 2.Explains character acid solution of its(the alkaline and meaning 3.Explains meaning of condensation hydrolysis, buffer and titration of alkaline acid 4.Explains applying of condensation alkaline acid of buffer in life one day day 5.Explains the forming of sediment based on condensation and solubility product Page 3

4. Adaptif chemical equilibrium Differentiates acid compound, alkaline and neutral Identifies is alkaline acid with various indicators Estimates a condensation which unknown PURPOSE OF STUDY Page 4

5. Adaptif CONDENSATION DELIVERER ALKALINE ACID chemical equilibrium Car batterycleaner vinegarOrange Character acid solution and alkaline of vital importance in chemistry,seperti sulphate acid which there is in car battery, vinegar and orange is example of from acid solution of while ammonia which there is in cleaner merupakn example of from alkaline solution Page 5

6. Adaptif ALKALINE ACID ACCORDING TO ARRHENIUS chemical equilibrium According To Arrhenius the year 1903 Acid is matter which in water will yield hydrogenic ions ( ion hidronium) causing can increase concentration of H3O? ( ion hidronium). Example : Alkaline is matter which in water will yield hydroxide ion causing can increase konsentrasi OHˉ ( hydroxide ion) page

7. Adaptif CONTINUTIONAL chemical equilibrium Example : Concepted alkaline acid Arrhenius only limited to aqueous solution, causing cannot be applied at condensation non water. Page 7

8. Adaptif ALKALINE ACID ACCORDING TO BRONSTED LOWRY chemical equilibrium According To Bronsted-Lowry the year 1923 : Acid is a compound which can give proton ( H ⁺ ) Alkaline is a compound standing as proton acceptor ( H ⁺ ) Bronsted- Lowry tahun 1923 : Asam adalah suatu senyawa yang dapat memberikan proton (H?) Basa adalah suatu senyawa yang berperan sebagai penerima proton (H?) Reaction : Page 8

9. Adaptif ALKALINE ACID ACCORDING TO LEWIS chemical equilibrium According To Lewis : Acid is chemistry compound acting electron pairs receiver. Alkaline is chemistry compound acting electron pairs giver. Reaction : Page 9

10. Adaptif ALKALINE ACID STRENGTH chemical equilibrium Degree of acidity ( pH) be concentration of ion H ⁺ in a condensation Formula : pH = - log[H ⁺ ] For pure water at temperature 25 ° C [H ⁺ ]=[OH ⁻ ]= 10 ⁻⁷ mole/litre So pure water pH = - log10 ⁻⁷ = 7 On the basis of this understanding, obtained : if pH = 7 → condensation haves the character of neutral If pH < 7 → condensation haves the character of acid If pH > 7 → basic condensation At room temperature pKw = pH + pOH = 14 Page 10

11. Adaptif Condensation Of Buffer chemical equilibrium 1.Takes 10 ml acid solution of acetate 0,1M ( condensation 1). Condensation hydrogen ion exponent measure with menggunkan universal indicator. Then takes also 15 ml NH4OH 0,2M ( condensation 2) condensation hydrogen ion exponent measure by using universal indicator. Page 11

12. Adaptif CONTINUATION 2. Enters 5 ml condensation of sodium acetate kedalam condensation 1 and 20 ml condensation of ammonium chloride 0,1M kedalam condensation 2, condensation hydrogen ion exponent measure by using universal indicator. 3. What is earning you concludes ? chemical equilibrium Page 12

13. Adaptif CONDENSATION OF BUFFER A.Condensation of buffer is condensation which can maintain hydrogen ion exponent B.Distinguished condensation characteristic of buffer was didn't change hydrogen ion exponent if it is added is rather acids, alkaline or water a.condensation of Buffer can be made of b.Acid weak mixture with its(the salt) c.Weak base mixture with its(the salt) chemical equilibrium Page 13

14. Adaptif WAY OF CALCULATION CONDENSATION pH chemical equilibrium Way of determining condensation pH of buffer coming from acid weak with its(the salt) Way of determining condensation pH of buffer coming from weak base with its(the salt) Page 14

15. Adaptif HYDROLYSIS AND CONDENSATION pH OF SALT 1.Ion ion dissolved in water can be grouped to become four kinds : 1.Anion from acid strong : Cl ⁻, NO ₃⁻,SO ₄²⁻ 2.Anion from acid weak : CH ₃ COO ⁻,CN ⁻,HCO ₃⁻,S ²⁻ 3.Cation from strong alkaline : Na ⁺,K ⁺,Mg ²⁺ 4.Cation from weak base : NH ₄⁺,Ag ⁺,Cu ²⁺ 2.Reaction of salting in general can be written down as follows HA + MOH → MA + H ₂ O Acid alkaline salt water 3. If a salt dissolved in water, there is two possibilities which can happened 4. Ion ion coming from acid weak or coming from weak base will react with water. Reaction of ion with water called as hydrolysis 5. Ion ion coming from acid strong or coming from strong alkaline doesn't react with water chemical equilibrium Page 15

16. Adaptif CONTINUATION  Salt salt can be grouped to become four types based on its(the acid and origin alkaline 1.Acid coming from strong acid strong and alkaline, example NaCl,K ₂ SO ₄,Ba(NO ₃ ) ₂ pH = 7 2.Acid coming from weak acid strong and alkaline, example CH ₃ COOK, Mg(CN) ₂ pH = ½(14 + pKa + log M) 3.Acid coming from acid strong and weak alkaline, example (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄, AgCl pH = ½(14 - pKb - log M) 4. Acid coming from acid weak and weak alkaline, example CH ₃ COONH ₄, AgCN pH = ½(14 +pKa + pKb) chemical equilibrium Page 16

17. Adaptif Alkaline Acid Mixture pH  There is three possibilities which can happened, if we mix acid solution and alkaline solution : 1.If miscible acid and alkaline nothing that its(the bersisa(semua is [used up/finished] reacts), hence formed is condensation of salt. Formula which we apply is condensation hydrogen ion exponent formula of salt ( hydrolysis) 2.If there is rest of acid weak or rest of weak base, hence formed is condensation of buffer. Formula which we apply is condensation hydrogen ion exponent formula of buffer 3.If there is rest of acid strong or rest of strong alkaline, hence formed is strong acid solution or strong alkaline solution. Formula which we apply is strong acid strong hydrogen ion exponent formula or alkaline hydrogen ion exponent chemical equilibrium Page 17

18. Adaptif ALKALINE ACID TITRATION 1.Volumetric analysis is determination of concentration of a condensation by the way of reacting a number of the condensation volumes to a number of volume other condensation which its(the concentration have been known 2.Volumetric analysis executed through a method so-called titration 3.Titration formula : 1.If konsentasi molarity V ₁ M ₁ = V ₂ M ₂ 2.If concentration of normality V ₁ N ₁ = V ₂ N ₂ 4.condensation of Indicator is condensation applied in titration to determine titration end point by experiencing discoloration chemical equilibrium Page 18

19. Adaptif SOLUBILITY PRODUCT 1.Solubility product ( Ksp) defined as product concentration of ion ion an electrolyte in saturated solution 2. Pays attention to equation reaction of under this MA → M⁺ + A⁻ Ksp = [M⁺][A⁻] 3. Formula is upper able to be made moderate to become : For binary electrolyte ( n=2), applies formula Ksp = S 2 S = For electrolyte terner ( n=3), applies formula Ksp = 4S 3 S = chemical equilibrium Page 19

20. Adaptif PRECIPITATION 1.The Price Of Ksp an electrolyte applicable to consider is an the soluble electrolyte or tuanging in a condensation 2.Rule a soluble condensation or tuangs like criterion under this : 1.If [M ⁺ ][A ⁻ ] < Ksp, condensation of saturate has not ( do not happened precipitation) 2.If [M ⁺ ][A ⁻ ] = Ksp, condensation of saturate precise ( do not happened precipitation) 3.If [M ⁺ ][A ⁻ ] > Ksp, supersaturated solution ( happened precipitation) chemical equilibrium Page 20

21. Adaptif ENDING “Thank “ Compiler : Rochim Muliawan,S.Pd, Dra. Hj. Nunun Kusworini and Oktaviani Budiarti,S.Pd SMK Negeri 7 Bandung chemical equilibrium Page 21