1. Cell Introduction Chapter 4

2. What you need to know! The 3 pillars of Cell Theory and their importance. Different types of microscopes used by biologists The differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. Important Discoveries 1.Light microscope1630 Anton Leeuwenhoek 2.The cell1665 Robert Hooke 3.Cell Theory1839 Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann

4. Cell Theory 1.All living things are made out of one or more cells Unicellular: prokaryotes (i.e. bacteria), some eukaryotes Multicellular 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things a.All body parts are made out of or by cells b.All functions performed by organisms exist on the cellular level (i.e. breathing, moving, digestion, and reproduction) c.Organisms have organs, cells have organelles

5. Cell Theory 3.All cells come from other cells a.Cell division (asexual) b.Sperm/egg (sexual) c.No spontaneous generation

6. Microscopes Magnifying Power: how much a microscope can magnify Resolving Power: the clarity of the image (focus) Compound Light Microscope – 1,000 x’s Electron Microscope – 500,000 x’s 1.Transmission Electron Microscope 2D slices 2.Scanning Electron Microscope 3D surfaces

7. Cell Size Surface Area (SA) – How a cell gets what it needs Volume – Size of the cell (cytoplasm) SA/V ratio = survivability (the higher the number, the better)

8. Prokaryotes No Nucleus –Nucleoid: coiled DNA Strucutres: Membrane, ribosomes, cell wall, capsule, pili, flagella Much smaller than Eukaryotes Simplest form of life Cells divide rapidly Ex: Bacteria

9. Bacteria Slide Draw a sketch of what you see How many do you think are in your field of view?

10. Eukaryotes Cells with a membrane bound nucleus DNA inside nucleus (chromatin/chromosomes) Specialized Organelles (membrane bound) Very complex Cells can specialize Ex: Animal & Plant cells

11. Eukaryotic Slide Draw a sketch of what you see How many do you think are in your field of view?