2. ABSTRACT This paper explores the symbolic significance of magic realism present in the works of Paulo Coelho such as The Alchemist and The Devil and Miss Prym. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between realism and dreaming in modern literature. The researcher hypothesized that Coelho uses the theme of magic realism or dream realism in his narratives, starting from an object quest to lead the reader to self actualization. Dream discourse begins with a realist setting as we see in the Alchemist, a shepherd boy travelling from Spain to the pyramids of Egypt to follow his dream with fantasy elements slowly following like treasure king and the crystal. Similarly the first few pages of The Devil and Miss Prym depict a realist setting as we find a man on a journey to discover the true face of mankind travelling to Viscos a small village in France before it progresses into a magical fantasy with Berta’s ability to talk to her dead husband and see the devil, the forest with a hidden treasure of gold bars, blended with Chantal Prym dream to escape to the big city and be rich This study sets forth the transformational power of our dreams through psychoanalysis of magic realism in literary text Key Words Magic Realism, Dream Fantasy, Transformation, Self Actualization etc

3. 1.1 What is Magic Realism? Magic Realism or dream realism is defined as“A literary or artistic genre in which realistic narrative and naturalistic technique are combined with surreal elements of dream or fantasy. This style is associated with Latin America as it incorporates fantastic or mythical elements into realistic fiction ” It accepts the presence o magic and unforeseen forces in the real world

4. Difference between Magic Realism and Realism Realism is defined as a tendency to represent things as they really are It deals with the mundane realities of life and real things not perception or ideas In literature realism means to portray life as it is. Realist writers during the Victorian age choose their common subjects which resembled real life not folk legends and stressed on object reality Realism is opposed to idealism since it follows the doctrine opposing idealism, giving way to materialism and naturalism On the contrary the author who adopts magical realism as a theme confronts reality and tries to resolve the deep mysteries of life, thing and finds justification for human action. By introducing supernatural elements within realistic settings the goal of the writer is not to create an imaginary realm rather discover the pre existing relationship between man, nature, supreme being, and his circumstances while staying within the realms of real world

5. Background of the study Magic realism in literature is an amalgam of reality and fantasy. Shannin Schroeder (2004) quotes in her book “ Franz Roh was the first to coin the term Magic Realism in 1925. It became an instance catch phrase due to Venezuelan writer Arturo Uslar- Pietri, who described "man as a mystery surrounded by realistic and was the first to refer it to Latin American Literature in 1948 ” These are unique particularly in relation to interpretation of dreams, use of magical elements, and theme of isolation juxtaposition with in a real context., We see magic realism as a dominant theme in the works, One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia MarquezArturo Uslar- Pietri Paulo Coelho (1947) a Brazilian mystic writer where dream realism is a predominant theme in his most famous novel The Alchemist is subtitled “A Fable About Following Your Dream, and The Devil and Miss Prym” employs Magic Realism or dream realism to understand the reality and purpose of human existence and the motive behind perusing ones dream, within a chaotic world such as The Alchemist in (1988) and The Devil and Miss Prym in (2000) Coelho advocates believing in one’s dream in a world that measures everything in realistic gains. “every person on earth plays a central role in the history of the world. And normally he doesn’t know it. “The Alchemist

6. 1.4 The Significance of the study This study sets forth the transformational power of our dreams through psychoanalysis of magic realism in literary text. It establishes a relationship between magic realism and dreaming in modern literature It also examines the elements employed to bring out the theme of magic realism. 1.5 Hypothesis Coelho uses the theme of magic realism or dream realism in his narratives, starting from an object quest to lead the reader to self actualization 1.6 DELIMITATION This research was delimited to two works of Paulo Coelho, ‘The Alchemist’ and ‘The Devil and Miss Prym’

7. Literature Review Zamora and Faris (1995) define it as “a simple matter of complicated sort”. In other words the authors version of reality deconstructs the readers image and make him aware of a spiritual presence..According to Alberto Rios “‘Magical,’ in magical realism, as with its companion word in translation, ‘marvelous,’ implies an appreciation of the real, rather than a distortion or replacement of it.” The word magic refers to the surprising, fantasy effect present in this kind of novels. Magic Realism depicts stories from the point of view of people with different perception of the object world. According to Amaryll Chanady (1985) “Magic Realism proves to be a universal code that defies limitations of geography, generation and language”. To portray this, magical realist writers write the ordinary as miraculous.

8. 1 Common Themes Employed by Paulo Coelho There seem to be a visible connection between Paul Coelho ’ s personal experiences and his novels since his writings are a manifestation of his own beliefs.An analysis of Coelho ’ s works reveal that there are certain recurrent themes in nearly all of is works love good verses evil Divine Presence Foreshadowing The theme of Magic Realism

9. 3. METHDOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION This research is qualitative.The data was collected from textual analysis works of Paulo Coelho and comparing text 4. DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 Elements of Magic Realism Present in The Alchemist, The Devil and Miss Prym. Magical Realism is simply ordinary events given a touch of extraordinary The merging ot the realms of magic and reality the author basis his story on the intersection of the real and unreal world where there is presence of strong supernatural phenomena It is a powerful narration of magic elements in a real universe which preexist but we only discover their presence when we try to realize our greatest dream or fantasy There are many individual elements that combine to make a story magically real.

10.  Coelho’s selection of place in which his characters are set and the places were action takes place are all real.Place is a key component in Magical Realism because it is the sense of place, or rather the atmosphere and overtone of the location, gives the setting a magical yet realistic feel. The main plot of the alchemist takes place in the Spanish pastures, the Spanish town of Tarifa, the city of Tangier in North Africa, and the Sahara desert.Santiago, the shepherd boy, sets on his journey to pursue his dream, from Tarifa a real populous small town in Andalusia, Spain. During his journey the first place he comes across is Tangier He meets a number of character here like the crystal merchant.Tangier is a real major city in northern Morocco located on the route to Egypt. It is a multicultural place “Business once boomed when Tangier was a busy port, but sales have fallen off ever since nearby Ceuta became a more important town.” Coelho The Alchemist (1988) Ceuta's” is located right next to western border of Morocco and indeed is a much bigger commercial center of trade in Africa  As the shepherd boy continues his journey towards the pyramids of Egypt, he comes across Al- Fayoum where the alchemist lives and where the Englishman goes to look for the alchemist to find the secret of making elixir of life and turn base metal to gold. The Al-Fayoum Oasis, is a depression in the desert It is located south of Cairo near the river Nile. During the last leg of his journey Santiago and the Alchemist part ways at the Coptic monastery,one of the first copt established in upper Egypt Thus by using real places the author wants his readers to feel as if they are actually travelling with the characters and they accept whatever supernatural events occur in the way  Similarly in the novel The Devil and Miss Prym (2000) opens in a realistic setting in a small town called Viscos located south west of France with a population of 21 people only. Mr. Coelho wrote The Devil and Miss Prym his seventeenth book in order to explore the answer to the question whether man intrinsically bad?”

12. 4.3 Plot The plot of novel set in the theme of Magic Realism depicts everyday events of an average person’s life in which extraordinary things happen. There is no historical event or mention of any discovery or any particular special event. 4.4. Tone and Atmosphere Tone of a novel depends heavily on the writing style and language used by the writer. In both The Alchemist and The Devil and Miss Prym portray fantastical events in an otherwise realistic tone. The atmosphere of a story can set the tone for the book overall. Both these novels have fairs like atmosphere. These brings fables, folk tales, and myths into contemporary social relevance. The Alchemist begins with a story of Narcissus from Greek methodology. According to legend, Narcissus kneeled every day beside a lake to admire his reflection, one day he became so fascinated with his own beauty that he fell into the lake and drowned. At this the lake water transformed into salty tears because the lake used to enjoy its own beauty reflected in Narcissus’s eyes Similarly in “The Devil and Miss Prym” as the villagers were about to kill a sedated Berta via a firing squad,Chantal Prym stopped them by sharing with them the story of Greek Folk lore about King Midas who could turn anything he touched into gold but he finally realized that gold could not give him happiness. Another strategy Coelho uses to give the book a mythic tone involves using stories as moral lessons. Specifically, Melchizedek’s stories of the baker, the miner, and shopkeeper’s son recall moral allegories in spiritual texts

13.  Characters  In novels where magic realism is the main theme the characters seem to be ordinary, average, the same people you pass on the street as you make your way to the bus stop, or the folks you encounter at the grocery store as you do your weekly grocery shopping. They are just people, plain and simple.  A. Protagonist Embarked on a Quest  Paul Coelhlo had a dream to be a writer He wrote his first book in 1987 “The Pilgrimage”, after completing his own personal pilgrimage from France to Spain. He answered the question Why did it took him so long to fulfill his dream?” in his second book Alchemist. Thus in both these books the Alchemist and The Devil and Miss Prym the protagonists appear to be willing to face all challenges like a quest to find the answers to their questions which may lead them to their dream  B Santiago in The Alchemist  In the Alchemist we see a determined curious shepherd boy Santiago from a small Andalusia town, embarked on a quest to Egypt to find his personal legend, the innate dream each person has of accomplishing their greatest desire. In order to peruse his dream treasure he sold all his sheep, worked at a crystal shop, met the king of Salem and even left his lady love to reach his ultimate goal. On his journey he met a spiritual guide the alchemist Even after reaching the pyramids he didn’t find the actual treasure but a clue as to where the actual treasure was buried and a conviction

14.  C. The stranger in The Devil and Miss Pyrm  This novel begins with a stranger in quest for some answers of those questions that haunt him His family was kidnapped and killed by a group of terrorists. He wanted to know if human beings were naturally good or bad. In order to follow his ambition he offers Miss Pyrm and the villagers a tempting reward of 11 gold bars hidden in the forest In order to realize their dream they had to kill old Berta Finally after a lot of struggle he got answer for what he seeked.  D. Chantal Prym (The Devil and Miss Prym)  Chantal Prym is a young, ambitious, woman who lives in a small town yet dreams of an elite life in the city, However her dream seems a far fetched reality due to lack of money until the dramatic entry of a stranger who could be her route to follow her dream. “People want to change everything and, at the same time, want it all to remain the same.”

15. E. Gypsy Woman (The Alchemist) The gypsy woman appears as a mystic, mysterious character who seems to interpret dreams and see the future. She also knows many chants and spells. She is a major factory in pushing Santiago towards his dream realization since she told him she would no charge him but she needs one tenth of the treasure when he finds it.She helps the shepherd boy believe in the power of his dream. F. Old Berta (The Devil and Miss Prym) Another woman character who seems to have magical qualities as Old Berta. Not only could she talk to her dead husband but she could also see what common yet could not comprehend. She passed her days with watching the village and the nature surrounding it. Often enough she had a little chat with her already deceased husband. She had the ability to see ghosts, the peoples' emotions, devils, and angels as well, which was the reason for the villagers calling her a witch. Berta can also read signs of nature so she took the hint when there was a storm approaching the moment the stranger arrived in the village. Berta is a very old woman and she has some special powers. She is still talking to her dead husband, she can see the devil, she can read emotions and she can read the signs of trouble in storms. Berta sits still outside her house and observes the village. One day, a stranger enters the quiet village and Berta knows that he is trouble because she can see the devil traveling alongside this man.

16. 4.7 Fantastic Elements A.The King of Salem The young shepherd meets an extraordinary man who claims to be the King of Salem. Melchizedek In The Alchemist, he helps those who are at the point of discovering and following their Personal Legends and tells them the universe wants them to succeed: if they is following the “ true path, ” B. Alchemy and The Alchemist For centuries man had been fascinated with the concept of Alchemy, a process which could change base metal into gold. In the book Alchemist the shepherd boy found the alchemist who told him to follow his dream and taught him to become one with the elements. It draws parallel to a human beings desire to achieve his inner dreams. In Santiago’s journey he got transformed into the elements because he became purged of all impurities like a desire to be a rich shepherd or desire for love. It suggests that no written instructions can guide a person to his Personal Legend he must follow his own instincts and the omens ill guide him.

17. C. Emerald Tablet. It represented a tablet made of emerald encrypted with the secrets of alchemy. Such a jewel indeed inspires ones fantasy, D. Pyramids : The pyramids of Egypt have long been a place of mystery and magic. Infact Egyptians were the first to master the interpretation of dreams. The pyramids are the hub of fantasy and the possibility of treasure under them enhanced the element of magic realism E. Treasure The dream of Santiago provided a motive to move forward In Alchemist the treasure was the driving force behind all pursuits with its gold coins and countless wealth and riches. Indeed this fantasy element was the cohesive force for The Alchemist. Similarly in the novel The Devil and Miss Prym,Coelho uses the image of gold bars to tempt and test humanity and represent the desires and wishes which the gold could fulfill. F. Deep Forest : The deep forest in The Devil and Miss Pyrm resemble the enchanted woods hiding gold bars worth a fortune Also the first gold bar has been buried by the stranger in the form of the letter “ Y ” G. Wolf: When Chantal Prym in The Devil and Miss Pyrm went into the forest to get one gold bar she was attached by a wolf and the stranger saved her life. This wolf seems to be the same as the big bad wolf from little red riding hood

19. 5.2 The Transformational Power of Dreams A dream is a series of thoughts, images, and desires which occur in a person's mind during sleep or day It may also represent a cherished aspiration or ambition or fantasy. Sigmund Freud (1900)defined a dream in his book interpretation of dreams He said that “ Every dream reveals to have a psychological structure full of significance one that may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activity of waking stage A dream is conjured in the cranium, Dreams are private as they cannot be witnessed or influenced by anther being, the setting of a dream can be any physical space in the world Dreams are important as they give us an insight f our lives and predict many future outcomes In English literature the use of dream vision has been popular from middle English allegories Dream realism uses this dream or vision as a tool to push the character into a dream quest where the object of desire is outshined by the transformational power f dreams These characters are usually socially isolated In this way, the characters are able to transcend to a place of personal legend and dream In both these novels we witnessed the transformational power of dreams 5.3 Personal Legend Coelho introduced the concept of personal legend or personal dream as what that person most desires to accomplish in his or her life. Everyone knows their Personal Legend when they are young, but as time passes, a mysterious force makes them feel they will never achieve their Personal Legend. Santiago and the crystal merchant represent the different paths a person may choose in life, with fear and complacency acting as the dividing factors between the courses they select. Whereas Santiago feels eager to pursue his Personal Legend and get to Egypt, the crystal merchant fears pursuing his own dream to make a pilgrimage “People are afraid to pursue their most important dreams, because they feel that they don’t deserve them, or that they’ll be unable to achieve them”.(Alchemist)

20.  Motif  Omens as in the words of Melchizedek from Alchemist make up part of the Universal Language of the World, The element of omen in magical realism are used by Coelho and many other authors who adopt this technique. Throughout the novel the Alchemist Santiago’s spiritual growth is represented through omens which turn into visions He was able to find his way to the treasure only because he learnt to read the omens from his environment Thus we see a butterfly turned into a good omen for Santiago representing both change and freedom, before he embarked on his journey. Similarly the vision of hawks served as an omen for a possible danger in the oasis, war that might happen This omen was very important and helped save hundreds of lives Thus the portend and the scarab beetle Santiago finds at the pyramids that tells him where to dig. motif of omens reinforces the book’s theme of the unity of nature Similarly in The devil and miss Prym we see the presence of a bad omen in the form of a storm just before the stranger arrives meaning this stranger will disturb the atmosphere of the peaceful   5. CONCLUSION  5.1 Authorial Reticence and Subtlety  Authorial reticence is defined as the deliberate withholding of information to heighten the situation. The third person narrative sometimes unfolds a situation on the readers enhanced by this absence of explanation of fantastic events, the story proceeds with "logical precision" as if nothing extraordinary took place Another important element of Magical Realism is called subtlety since no grand explanations are given on how the world works. The most explicit examples of magical realism can be found in the final sections of Part II, in which Santiago is able to speak to the desert, the wind, and the sun; he convinces all of these entities to help him prove to the tribal leaders that he is an alchemist

22.  5.4 Self Actualization  Self-actualization means the desire for self-fulfillment, namely the tendency the individual to become actualized in what he is potentially The main obstacles that stop a person from self realization are  We are told from childhood that what we want is impossible.  The second obstacle: Love.  The third obstacle: Fear of failure  Thus if a person is able to overcome these obstacles he could achieve all his dreams in life The main lesson in these novels is listen to your heart  In The Alchemist, dreams takes Santiago on a pilgrimage where he gets insight into his inner desire and end up purged, with a great form of communication with the spiritual elements of the World. Similarly Miss Prym dreams of escape to the big city with a lot of money is the driving force of her actions. This idea underlies the parallel we see in the novel between the alchemist purifying metal into gold and Santiago purifying himself into someone capable of achieving his Personal Legend. Miss Prym also gets her wish fulfilled and the stranger transfers all the gold bars to her Thus the works The Alchemist and The Devil and Miss Prym truly depict the theme of magic realism and Paul Coelho uses this to give his readers a great lesson People know what they want but most of them are afraid to abandon everything and follow their dream Others do not find their dreams really worthy of following some people stop perusing their dreams when they are tested However it is possible to realize all dreams with preservation and faith If you know your deep desire the whole universe will conspire to make it happen 

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