1. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 The PPR Global Control & Eradication Strategy - next steps - Susanne Münstermann on behalf of FAO – OIE PPR Working Group

2. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Contents The GCES Rationale for developing a PPR eradication strategy How it was done Objectives of the GCES Components of the GCES & their implementation – At national level – At regional level – At international level Governance M & E Next steps

3. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Summary of the global PPR situation Africa: 43 East Asia: 2 South Asia: 5 West Eurasia: 9 Middle East: 14 No of countries included in the GCES: 73

4. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Disease reports received in WAHIS for Middle East Region 2005 - 2015 20052006200720082009201020112012201320142015 1212121212121212121212 Afghanistan Bahrain Cyprus Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait lebanon Lybia Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syria Turkey UAE Yemen Disease suspected but not confirmed Disease present Disease absent Disease never reported

5. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 52 countries officially free from PPR (Code 14.7)

6. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Rationale for PPR Control and Eradication  Role of small ruminant production for food security, poverty reduction, sustainable development  Socio-economic impact of PPR  Only regional approach will lead to success  Veterinary Services are at the heart of animal health systems tasked with preventing and controlling animal diseases Importance of PPR eradication was acknowledged at:  5 ème Global Steering Committee of GF-TADs (Paris, Oct 2012)  OIE 82 ème General Assembly (Paris, May 2014), Resolution No.24  FAO 24 ème COAG and FAO 150 ème Conseil (Rome, 2014)

7. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Why is PPR a good disease candidate for a global eradication effort?  One serotype  No carrier state after infection  No reservoir outside domestic small ruminants  Vaccine with long live immunity after a single dose; cheap to produce  Thermo-stable vaccine to come  Diagnostic tests available

8. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Evolution of the PPR Strategy Based on the experience with Rinderpest eradication and similar favorable characteristics for PPR, a GF-TADs PPR WG was formed in January 2013 4 members from FAO/IAEA and 3 from OIE Meetings/TC were held regularly between Paris and Rome over 2 years Draft PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy (GCES) was produced for review

9. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Consultation process for the elaboration of the PPR Global Strategy  Consultation with experts, national and regional authorities, policy-makers, development partners and private industry: PPR Workshop in Rome, October 2014  Peer review of the strategy Similar to the preparation of the FMD Global Strategy  Inputs from the OIE Scientific Commission  Presentation in Abidjan

11. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Overall objectives of the PPR Global Strategy Overall objective A productive small ruminant sector contributing to global food security and nutrition, human health & economic growth, particularly in developing countries Purpose Establish the capacity of stakeholders and Veterinary Services to control and eradicate PPR and control other small ruminant diseases.

12. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 12 The eradication of PPR by 2030, which requires:  In infected countries, achieving a progressive reduction of the incidence and spread, leading to final eradication of PPR  In non-infected countries, maintaining their officially recognised PPR-free status While at the same time:  Reinforcing Veterinary Services  Improving animal health globally by reducing the impact of other major infectious diseases of SR Specific objectives of the PPR Global Strategy Photo credit: G Von Klooster

13. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 PPR Strategy - Main principles National, regional and global levels  Component 1 – PPR Control and Eradication  Component 2 – Strengthening Veterinary Services  Component 3 – Combined disease control (other small ruminant diseases) Photo credit: CIRAD

14. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Step-wise approach to eradication - National level-

15. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Four Stages 0

16. Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 No data available Understanding of the epidemiological situation and disease distribution Control in identified areas or husbandary systems (vaccination) Control and eradication in the entire territory (vaccination) Evidence for the absence of virus circulation National control program for endorsement by the OIE (14.7.34) Application to free status (14.7.31) Assessment plan

17. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Timelines Stage 1  minimum 12 months and up to 3 years Stage 2  3 years (from 2 to 5 years) Stage 3  3 years (from 2 to 5 years) Stage 4  2 years up to 3 years

18. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Key technical elements of each stage Surveillance Diagnostic Prevention and Control Legal framework Stakeholder involvement

19. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Progressively improving each technical element 19 PPR Stages Elements Stage 1 (Assessment) Stage 2 (Control) Stage 3 (Eradication) Stage 4 (Post- eradication) Legal framework To assess the animal health legal framework with a focus on PPR To improve the legal framework to support the implementation of control activities in targeted sectors To further improve the legal framework to support prevention risk mitigation at population level, including the risk of PPR introduction from abroad, and possibly accommodate a compensation mechanism To further improve the legal framework to accommodate more stringent border control policies; prepare additional legal provisions (such as containment) to implement in the context of an official PPR free status Legal framework

20. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Technical elements with specific protocols for implementation - Presented in the Annexes of the GCES -

21. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Technical Element: Surveillance Active versus passive surveillance in different Stages

22. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Technical Element: Vaccination Main tool for control & eradication in Stage 2 and 3 Approach developed on the basis of country experiences (e.g. Afghanistan) Preconditions: Know the animal numbers in the territory to be vaccinated (geographical distribution of SR in country) Were taken from FAO statistics (but changes will have a major effect on implementation and costing) Know the agro-ecological system to time vaccination campaigns accordingly Literature review & modeling the aridity index

23. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Vaccination protocols in GCES Overall: 2 successive years followed by 1 or 2 years revaccination of new bornes By production system: 1.Arid pastoral and agro-pastoral – Characteristics: marked parturition season  1 vaccination per year (before parturition peak) 2.Humid crop-livestock farming – Characteristics: no marked parturition season  2 vaccinations per year (period to be adapted to agriculture calendar) 3.Peri-urban livestock production – Characteristics: high turn over  1 or 2 vaccinations per year, depending on turn over

24. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Post Vaccination Evaluation (PVE) Stage 2 and 3 Combination of different techniques (Serology, sociological surveys, productivity surveys)

25. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Capacity of VS considered as the ‘Enabling Environment’ (Component II) OIE standards on quality of VS 12 CCs 27 CCs 29 CCs 33 CCs (Mostly) Assessment Level 3 of OIE PVS Critical Competences Linking the PPR step-wise approach to the quality of VS (Component 2)

26. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Regional approaches  Coordination  Laboratory Networks with Regional Leading Laboratory  Epidemiology Networks with Regional Leading Centre  Regional Vaccine Banks  Regional Animal Health Centers  Regional Road Map Meetings The regional networks are tools of paramount importance Photo credit: Iran Vet Organisation

27. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Regional coordination and monitoring 9 Regional Roadmaps governed by 9 Regional Advisory Groups (RAG)

28. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Member countries of the Middle East Roadmap:  GCC countries (Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, UAE)  Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Yemen

29. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 29 International approaches Integration and coordination of regional activities at the global level  OIE-FAO Reference Laboratory Network  International Epidemiology Network  PPR Global Research and Expertise Network (PPR-GREN)

30. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 GCES 30 Governance  GF-TADs Global Steering Committee  PPR Working Group  Regional Advisory Groups  Role of Regional Organizations, e.g.:  ASEAN, SAARC in Asia  AU-IBAR, SADC, ECOWAS, etc., in Africa  GCC in Middle East A Global Control and Eradication Programme (GCEP) to be launched to implement the Global Strategy with a Joint FAO-OIE Secretariat and a Global Steering Committee

31. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Monitoring & Evaluation A dedicated Tool has been developed for M&E of the GCES PPR Monitoring & Assessment Tool PMAT Descriptive part Questionnaire part Way forward part

32. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Component 1PPR control & eradication – Roadmap meetings Self assessment of stage of departure using PMAT questionnaire Country vision towards eradication Establishment of the Regional Advisory Group (3 CVO et al) Selection of disease for Component 3 – Central Africa: August 2015 – East Africa: September 2015 – West Africa: November 2015 – Middle East (Doha, Qatar): December 2015 – South Asia: January 2016 – West Eurasia: February 2016

33. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 2015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030 Cameroun1 2 3 4 Status free Rep Centre Africaine 1 2 3 4 Status free RD Congo1 Rep Congo1 2 3 4 Status free Gabon1 2 3 4 Status free Guinée Equatoriale 0 1 2 3 4 Status free Sao Tome01 2 3 4 Status free Tchad1 2 3 4 Status free Example for a draft Roadmap after the initial Roadmap meeting

34. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Component 2Strengthening Vet Services – Dedicated list of questions in PMAT – PVS reports to assess level of CCs required for PPR – If PVS reports are >5 years, a follow-up PVS mission is recommended Component 3 Other small ruminant diseases – Disease specific criteria will be developed for the 2 nd round of Roadmap meetings after identification of national priority diseases

35. Regional Commission for the Middle East – Lebanon, 10 – 14 November 2015 Conclusions The FAO / OIE Global Control and Eradication Strategy has been endorsed by Ministers and country representatives at the Abidjan Conference in April 2015. First sensitisation and country assessment “Roadmap” meetings have been orgainised in Central Africa, West Africa, East Africa since Abidjan Within the next 4 months other regions will be addressed: Middle East (Qatar, 1- 3 December), South Asia and West Eurasia, while at the same time seeking donor support at global level Important role of the Secretariat to implement the Global C&E program (GCEP) is acknowledged

36. Thank you for your attention s.munstermann@oie.int eran.raizman@fao.org felix.njeumi@fao.org n.leboucq@oie.int adama.diallo@fao.org giancarlo.ferrari@fao.org j.domenech@oie.int d.sherman@oie.int Photo credit: Iran Vet Organisation

37. Photos: credit P Fernandez, CIRAD, IAH Pirbright