2. Four Minutes First Four Chart Date & label your work – 3.14.16 1.Describe what a broken promise means to you. Have you ever experienced a broken promise? 2.Why did the British make conflicting promises? 3.Was peace possible in Palestine after WW1? – Keep this with your other First Four work. End

3. Four Minutes First Four Chart Date & label your work - 3/29/16 – Sources of the Conflict From your understanding, what was the biggest source of conflict in Palestine between WW I & WW II? - Keep this with all of your other First Four work. End

4. How do we resolve conflict? Guiding Questions: How was the Jewish state of Israel established? 1.What was the significance of Palestine at the end of the Second World War?

5. A Bit of History

6. Origins of the Conflict Jews lived in Palestine from approx. 1000 BCE to 135 CE – Expelled by Romans

7. Origins of the Conflict Muslims took over Palestine in 7 th Century – the Arab Empire

8. Origins of the Conflict Ottoman Empire conquers Palestine in 1500s.

9. Late 1800s By late 19 th century the Ottoman Empire is crumbling – Rise of Arab Nationalism Anti-Turkish, Anti-colonialism Not a unified movement Persecution of Jews in Europe is on the rise – Economic & political turmoil - pogroms – Rise of the Zionist Movement Theodore Herzl Began migration of Jews back into Palestine

10. World War I 1914-1918 Allies vs. Central Powers

11. Great Britain: Plan for Palestine & Winning the War Britain wanted help against Ottoman Empire – a third front against the Central Powers What do they offer the Jews? What do they offer the Arabs?

12. Activity Date & Label your First Four Tracker Based on your knowledge of the history of the region, who had the most legitimate claim to occupying and controlling Palestine in by the outbreak of World War I? Explain your response.

13. POVL Document Analysis Purpose – Why was the document written? Origin – author, time period, type of document, historical context Value – What does it tell us? How can we use it to say something about the time? How is it significant? Limitations – What do we need to consider before taking it at face value. Discuss & write with your table

14. POVL Document Analysis McMahon Letter P O V L Balfour Declaration P O V L

15. Paper 1 Part A: 15-20 Min Compare/Contrast docs in light of… Must demonstrate three things – Contextual Knowledge – Evaluation of Sources (POVL) – Compare/Contrast Must answer the question – One section telling how the sources are the same – One section telling how the sources are different – One section - your own analysis of whether the sources are similar or different and making a final judgment of whether they are similar or different and why.

16. Paper 1 Rubric – Part A

17. Compare & Contrast To what extent do these documents support the establishment of an independent nation in Palestine after WW I? In what ways do the docs agree? In what ways do the docs disagree?

18. How do we resolve conflict? Guiding Questions: How was the Jewish state of Israel established? 1.What was the significance of Palestine at the end of the Second World War? 2.How was the state of Israel established?

19. Palestine Post WW I What were Arabs & Jews hoping? Instead… League of Nations gave Palestine to Great Britain as a mandate. Arabs felt betrayed. Jews thought GB wanted an Arab state. Both sides mad!

20. Palestine Post WW I Periodic rioting & fighting – 1929 133 Jews & 116 Arabs killed in fighting over control of The Western Wall – 1936-1939 three-year Arab Uprising against British control – 1937 – British drew up plans to partition Palestine

21. Jewish Immigration to Palestine Date# of JewsJews as % of Population 1918 60,0009 1931175,00018 1939429,00028 How is this impacting the conflict?

23. 1939 White Paper 1939 – British White Paper on Palestine – Attempt to pacify Arabs – Called for a Jewish homeland in an independent Palestinian state within 10 years – No partition – Limited Jewish Immigration to 75,000 for 5 years – Limited Jewish rights to buy Arab land. – Jewish reaction?

24. The White Paper of 1939 Challenged the British Mandate The British Mandate which was formed July of 1922. The League of Nations entrusted Great Britain with the Mandate for Palestine. The historical connection was recognized between the establishment of a Jewish home in Israel and then the mandate was created. Part of the mandate required the active involvement of Jewish organizations in establishing the new Jewish homeland David Ben-Gurion came in and led the push for these things.

25. David Ben-Gurion He formed the Jewish Labor Zionist Movement party and helped set up infrastructure of Jewish State in Israel. He later would become first prime minister of Israel Also known as one of the primary founders of the State of Israel Was the leader of the Jewish Community in Palestine Also was known as Israel’s First Minister of Defense.

26. The White Paper of 1939 challenges the British Mandate The White Paper of 1939 declared that Balfour was not fair to the Arab people This White Paper was a direct blow to the Zionists, who explicitly sought a Jewish state with or without Arab consent. Why do you think the British issued the White Paper? What did they need?

27. The British issued the White Paper because… The threat of WW2 was all over Europe and The British wanted to secure the good will of the Arab people so that they will fight against the Nazi’s as well. The Jews have no choice, but to support the British in their fight against the Nazi’s. Why is this? The Jews in Palestine are very unhappy about the British White Paper that limits the immigration of the Jewish people to Palestine during an extremely rough time for Jews in Europe during the Holocaust.

28. Britain’s refusal to lift Immigration bans and refusal to acknowledge Jewish state Led to much rebellion by Jews in Palestine. Around 1945, David Ben-Gurion resorted to military measures, using arms that had been stockpiled during WW2. The Haganah—Jewish Militia, supported the Irgun and the LEHI These three groups assassinated British officers, soldiers, and police British respond by arresting and raiding the Jewish Agency and leaders of the Haganah. Menachem Begin (future prime minister) Irgun’s bomb the King David Hotel in 1946

29. Activity How far was British policy to blame for the unrest in Palestine after WW I?

30. Four Minutes First Four Chart Date & label your work - 3.31.16 -What do you see in the cartoon ? -What do you think it signifies? Keep this with all of your other First Four work. End

31. What do you see ?

33. The UN Partition Plan –Resolution 181(1947) UNSCOP- The United Nations Special Committee on Palestine Used to make recommendations on the lands future government. UNSCOP-made up of representatives from 11 nations.

35. The UN Partition Plan On November 29,1947 the UN General Assembly voted to partition Palestine into two states one Jewish, and the other Arab. The partition divides the country so that each state would have a majority of its own population. According to the UN Partition Plan, the area of Jerusalem and Bethlehem was to become an International Zone.

36. Exodus 1947

37. The Exodus was a ship that became famous for what happened to it. It was filled with Holocaust survivors and as soon as it left port in France it was accompanied by British destroyers. On July 18 th near the coast of Palestine, it was rammed by the British vessel. A few immigrants are killed

38. Exodus Continued The ship was eventually towed to shore, but the immigrants were not allowed into Palestine. They were sent back to Germany by the British until the establishment of Israel in 1948. Britain really showed their resolve to limit immigration by the Exodus incident.

39. Israel is Born Publicly the Zionist leadership accept the Plan. Though, they had hoped to expand the borders assigned to the Jewish state. Arabs and the Arab Palestinians reject the plan and fighting breaks out between the Arab and Jewish residents almost immediately after the Adoption of the UN Plan.

40. Israel is Born May 15, 1948 British evacuate Palestine Zionists Proclaim the State of Israel Hostility from the Arab states leads neighboring Arab States (Egypt,Syria,Jordan and Iraq) to invade Israel. These Arab states thought they could take on the Israeli forces, but were mistaken because the Jewish state had been gearing up their army for some time now.

41. War of 1948-1949 In the course of the war, Zionists not only managed to hold all of the areas assigned to them by the UN They seize part of the land designated for the Palestinian state as well. The Palestinian Arab state envisioned by the UN Partition Plan was never established.

42. Results of the 1948-1949 War The Palestinian refugee problem really arises as result of this war. 700,000 Palestinians voluntarily flee their homes in the newly created state. They did this to avoid the upcoming war and clear room for the invading Arab states. The Arab states promised them they could go back and take control of the land once they push out the Jews.

43. Result:Arab and Israeli War of 1948-1949

44. Unit 4.1 Review