1. Heroes & Villains: What Do They Reveal About a Society? Unit EQs: How are the values and beliefs of a society, evident in its literature? What are the skills one needs to determine those values and beliefs?

2. Hero/Villain Schema Brainstorm 10 categories of people and after careful consideration, place a dot somewhere on the graph, determining where they best fit on the hero/villain schema. Make sure to label each placement with the corresponding category.

3. Hero/Villain Schema 1/2 Block Firefighters H+ Soldiers H+ Coaches V+ Celebrities H- Terrorists V- Murderers V- (serial killers and gangs, randomness) Students V+ Drug dealers V- Doctors H+ Politicians V+/= Professor/Teacher H-/V-/=+ CIA H- Presidents = Friends H/V= Soldiers H/V+ (perspective) Super heroes H+ Police H- Gunsmith = Janitors H+ Mechanics H- Servers V+ Administrators H- Religious leaders H+ Hit-person V-

4. Hero/Villain Schema 4/5 Block Police V+/H- Mail Carriers H+ Soldiers H+ Autobots H+ Sports Players H+ Teachers H+ Firefighter H+ Siblings =+ Politicians = Military H= Genuinely nice people H+ Rapists V- Vigilantes V+ (warped sense of justice) Police =+ Terrorists V- (commit without a sense of justice) Revolutionaries = Judges/Juries H+ Religious Congregations H+ Doctors H-/= Friends V+ Lawyers H- Bosses V+ Serial killers V- Philanthropist H- (legacy)

5. Hero/Villain Schema 6 th Year-Long North Koreans V- Government H- Al Queda V- Disciples H+ CMYM H- Nazis V- Liberators H- FBI H- Scientists = Firefighters H+ Serial killers V- Soldiers H+ Police H+ Lawyers = Convicts V- Teens H/V- Police H- Teachers H+ Soldiers H+ Athletes H+ Celebrities = Doctors H+

6. Inferences? On your note card, choose 1 of the listed groups of people, and explain, in 2-3 sentences what is revealed about our values and beliefs based upon where that group was located on the schema. (Don’t forget MLA heading in the top left-hand corner of the note card.)

7. Traits Revealed? Look at the groups that are in the top right-hand and bottom left-hand corners. What are they? What traits do the highest “Heroes” possess? What traits do the lowest “Villains” possess? Heroes – Common traits: Risks own life to save the lives of others Physical strength Villains – Common traits: Destroys innocent lives, usually for his/her own pleasure or individual beliefs

8. Archetypes: A Brief Exploration Carl Jung- Swiss psychologist who studied under Freud Collective Unconscious “You could call it your ‘psychic inheritance.’ It is the reservoir of our experiences as a species, a kind of knowledge we are all born with. And yet we can never be directly conscious of it. It influences all of our experiences and behaviors, most especially the emotional ones, but we only know about it indirectly, by looking at those influences.” Archetypes 1. Archetype is a Greek word meaning “original pattern, or model.” 2. In literature and art, an archetype is a character, an event, a story or an image that recurs in different works, in different cultures and in different periods of time. 3. An inherited mode of thought that is defined from experience of the race and is present in unconscious minds. Information retrieved from: D’Amico, J. “Archetypes in Literature.” Judson Independent School District. Judson ISD. n.d. Web. 8 Aug. 2013.

9. Archetypes Outlaw Jester Lover Explorer Creator Hero Magician Sage Ruler Innocent Everyman Caregiver

10. The Hero Archetype You should take notes, transcribing the 9 traits of the hero archetype. There may be an open-notes quiz on the information;) Hero Archetype Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWcRg6UkE-0

11. Vocabulary Please write the following list of words and their definitions in your notebook. There will be a quiz over these words on ___Tuesday 8/27__.

12. Mead hall Central meeting place for leisure, fellowship, and sleep Paganism Non-Christian religion of the Celtic people in early Britain Scop/Bard Anglo-Saxon poet, singer or performer Alliteration Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words Epic Long narrative poem based on a hero that includes challenges Epic hero Man of high social status who embodies the ideals of his people Boast Talk with excessive pride and self-satisfaction Kenning Words or phrase that take the place of a common noun Synecdoche Figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole Personification Figure of speech in which an animal, object, or idea is given human qualities Hyperbole Figure of speech using exaggeration to express emotion or humor Extended Metaphor Metaphor comparing two unlike things in various ways throughout a paragraph, stanza, or selection Epitaph A tombstone inscription or brief poem composed in memory of someone who has died Word Wall volunteers?

13. Let’s Practice with Kennings/ Synecdoche Kennings http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kennings Synecdoche http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synecdoche Now, using computer paper, create a kenning or a synecdoche for an object in this room. Make it readable from a distant, please.

14. Anglo-Saxon Period & Beowulf: A Brief Background

15. Old English: Let’s practice. Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum; Si þin nama gehalgod to becume þin rice gewurþe ðin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofonum. urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþlice. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blDM-ibezJQ

16. Let’s Try in Middle English Oure fadir that art in heuenes, halewid be thi name; thi kyndoom come to; be thi wille don in erthe as in heuene: gyue to us this dai oure breed ouer othir substaunce; and forgyue to us oure dettis, as we forgyuen to oure gettouris; and lede us not in to temptacioun, but delyuere us fro yuel. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FM2THezuzlI

17. Let’s Compare: Old English Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum; Si þin nama gehalgod to becume þin rice gewurþe ðin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofonum. urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþlice. Early Modern English Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation. But deliver us from evil. Amen

18. Who, When, & Where Before the Anglo-Saxons... The Celts Migrated 800-600 B.C. – Pagans – 2 main tribes Britons (Scotland, England, Wales) Gaels (Ireland)

19. Who, When, & Where, cont. After the Celts... Romans attack C.E. 43 Britons forced northward and westward Forced into slavery Christianity

20. Who, When, & Where, cont. After the Romans... Germanic tribes invade C.E. 449 Angles, Saxons, Jutes End of 7 th century, united as Anglo-Saxons (the English) Pope sends missionaries beginning 596 Anglo-Saxon Christian conversion complete by 1000

21. Inferences? Based on the brief historical context provided so far, what would one expect to find in an Anglo-Saxon story?

22. What you will find...

23. Drinking mead... And lots of it.

24. Treasure... And lots of it.

25. Fighting... And lots of it.

26. And...

27. A blend of Pagan and Christian beliefs.

28. Beowulf: An Introduction Take notes from the 3 min. film and be ready to share your notes with the class. Make sure your notes include information from the beginning, middle, and end.

30. Clip Notes

31. Beowulf Themes GOOD VS. EVIL IDENTITY STRENGTH AND SKILL WEALTH RELIGION VIOLENCE COURAGE MORTALITY THE SUPERNATURAL TRADITION AND CUSTOMS Using the Beowulf themes above, think of current examples of each one of the themes--be specific (ex: how might the theme of Courage be evident in today's society?). For each theme, describe the current example in a couple of sentences. Then follow with a theme statement. Turn in for credit.

32. Theme Example Wealth – Lottery winners Current example: Often, people win the lottery, and because they arrived at the money so easily, they do not appreciate it and have been known to spend it all in a relatively short time period. Theme: Money not well-earned is not appreciated.

33. Traits of an Epic Hero G lorified O n a quest E thical S trong On your note card, choose a modern person and demonstrate how (s)he is an EPIC HERO, using the GOES model. EPIC HERO Name: a.GLORIFIED: b.QUEST: c.ETHICAL: d.STRONG: EXAMPLE: EPIC HERO: Bill Gates a. GLORIFIED: is a household name, consistently ranked as the wealthiest person in the world from 1995-2007 b. ON A QUEST: left Harvard at twenty-two to found a computer software company c. ETHICAL: has donated more than $28 billion dollars to charity and pledged to donate half of his wealth to charity before he dies d. STRONG: one of the greatest competitors in the computer software market

34. Essay Prompt & Rubric For your second essay for the semester, you will write a 1-2 page literary analysis. For the analysis, you will Read excerpts from Beowulf and Grendel and analyze the effect point of view has on narration. Make sure you explain point of view in terms of both its literary purpose and its importance in shaping an author’s style choices. Incorporate cited textural evidence from both literary and informational text as needed to develop and support your explanation. There will be many essays assigned this semester, and while some will be graded using a lengthy rubric with detailed and specific feedback, some will be graded holistically. This essay will be graded holistically, but should include the following elements in order to earn a passing grade: Paragraphs (Introduction, Body Paragraph, Conclusion) Claim-(Thesis statement in introduction) Data Commentary Transitions MLA Format Parenthetical Documentation Works Cited Page Adhere to Conventions of Standard English 90-100 - All required elements included and content is exceptional, clearly indicating an almost perfect understanding of how the claim, data, and commentary work together to prove the thesis. An advanced control of grammar and punctuation is evident. Additionally, the Works Cited page and parenthetical documentation are almost flawless. 80-89 -All required elements included and content is of high quality, clearly indicating an understanding of how the claim, data, and commentary work together to prove the thesis. Control of grammar and punctuation is evident. Additionally, the Works Cited page and parenthetical documentation are almost perfect. 70-79 - Most required elements included and content is acceptable, indicating a novice understanding of how the claim, data, and commentary work together to prove the thesis. Control of grammar and punctuation meets the minimum requirements for the grade-level. The Works Cited page and parenthetical documentation were attempted. 0-69 - There is little evidence that the writer understands how the claim, data, and commentary work together to prove the thesis, or the writer did not respond to the writing prompt. No Works Cited page and/or parenthetical documentation.

35. Beowulf Family Trees

36. Setting

37. Beowulf Reading Guide “The Monster Grendel” 1. What is the powerful monster doing? 2. From whom is Grendel descended? What is the significance of this? 3. What are the warriors of Herot doing when Grendel finds them? How many of them does he take in his first attack? 4. For how long does Grendel terrorize Herot? 5. What does Grendel never dare touch? Why?

38. Beowulf Reading Guide “The Arrival of the Hero” 1. How many men does Beowulf take with him? 2. Name two accomplishments of which Beowulf boasts. 3. What request does Beowulf make of Hrothgar concerning the upcoming battle? 4. What does Beowulf say he will carry when he meets Grendel in battle? Why? 5. What does Beowulf say about the disposition of his body if he loses?

39. The A-S Boast: Do You Have What It Takes? We have read of some of the exploits of Beowulf and the many brave warriors among the Danes, Geats, and Swedes. We know that the Anglo-Saxons saw nothing wrong with letting the world know who they were, who their noble parents were, what great feats they had accomplished, and what they planned to do. This boasting was perfectly polite, even expected. Your assignments is to write a formal boast about yourself and perform it for the class. Tell us your deeds, who your daddy and mama are, what you plan to do, and how you are not going to let anything stop you. Write it from the perspective that you are trying to gain admission into college or the military maybe you are seeking a job you want. Lay aside all humility. Remember you can change the world! GUIDELINES: Guidelines: 40pts 10-20 lines 10pts No end-rhyme 30pts At least 6 examples of alliteration in each line 20pts Two examples of an original kenning (if you don’t remember, look it up or ask a friend) Make sure your boast does not sound like this!this

40. Boast Examples A boast from Beowulf by Beowulf (228-238): My people have said, the wisest, most knowing And best of them, that my duty was to go to the Danes’ Great King. They have seen my strength for themselves, Have watched me rise from the darkness of war, Dripping with my enemies’ blood. I drove Five great giants into chains, chased All of that race from the earth. I swam In the blackness of night, hunting monsters Out of the ocean, and killing them one By one; death was my errand and the fate They had earned. Schapley’s Example My example: I am Super Schapley, the great Daughter of Kim Hurst, most Confident of computer programmers, and Burly Bill Schapley, CPA extraordinaire. So smart that College professors pound their brain cages In wondrous wanting of more typing beasts like me, Writing wonderful “A” papers, graduating with Four degrees, two Suma Cum Laude, the other two with Perfectly formulated four-point-ohs. Oh! I have been Known to be likely lured by more than Four books per week, inhaling, carefully, both Classics and contemporaries. I AM Super Schapley!

41. Beowulf Reading Guide “The Battle With Grendel” 1. Describe Grendel as he heads towards Herot and rips open the doors. 2. What does Grendel see as he enters Herot; how does he react? 3. What are Grendel’s hopes and intentions? What is his first act after entering the Herot? 4. Describe Grendel’s first encounter with Beowulf. 5. What does Grendel want to do? What does Beowulf do to prevent this and why? 6. Describe what the Danes hear and what is happening in the Hall? 7. What does “Beowulf’s band” do to try and help their leader? Why is their help of no use? 8. How does the struggle between Grendel and Beowulf end? 9. What does Beowulf hang on the wall? 10. How is Grendel’s escape route marked? Where does he go to die?

42. Thirteen Ways of Looking at Grendel Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird By Wallace Stevens I Among twenty snowy mountains, The only moving thing Was the eye of the blackbird. II I was of three minds, Like a tree In which there are three blackbirds. III The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds. It was a small part of the pantomime. IV A man and a woman Are one. A man and a woman and a blackbird Are one. V I do not know which to prefer, The beauty of inflections Or the beauty of innuendoes, The blackbird whistling Or just after. VI Icicles filled the long window With barbaric glass. The shadow of the blackbird Crossed it, to and fro. The mood Traced in the shadow An indecipherable cause. VII O thin men of Haddam, Why do you imagine golden birds? Do you not see how the blackbird Walks around the feet Of the women about you? VIII I know noble accents And lucid, inescapable rhythms; But I know, too, That the blackbird is involved In what I know. IX When the blackbird flew out of sight, It marked the edge Of one of many circles. X At the sight of blackbirds Flying in a green light, Even the bawds of euphony Would cry out sharply. XI He rode over Connecticut In a glass coach. Once, a fear pierced him, In that he mistook The shadow of his equipage For blackbirds. XII The river is moving. The blackbird must be flying. XIII It was evening all afternoon. It was snowing And it was going to snow. The blackbird sat In the cedar-limbs.

43. Beowulf Reading Guide “The Battle with Grendel’s Mother” 1. What is the name of the famous sword that Beowulf carries to fight Grendel’s mother? Hrunting 2. How long does it take for Beowulf to get to the bottom of the lake? What heroic trait does this illustrate? Hours/strength 3. How does Beowulf arrive in Grendel’s mother’s lair? What happens to him during the journey and what previous adventure does this struggle bare resemblance to? She yanks him on. 4. How does Beowulf’s sword perform in the battle with Grendel’s mother? What saves him from her attacks? Not so well. Chain mail and God. 5. Name two ways that Grendel’s mother tries to kill Beowulf. Stab him and claw at him. 6. How does the battle between the two end? What weapon is effective? What two Anglo-Saxon ideals are illustrated here? Cuts her head off with a Giant’s magical sword. 7. What does Beowulf do before he leaves the underwater hall? Cuts off Grendel’s head.

44. Mother %&#$@! Grendel’s Mom

45. Beowulf Reading Guide “The Final Battle with the Dragon” 1. How much time has elapsed since the incident with Grendel’s mother? Where is Beowulf now? 2. What is Beowulf facing in battle this time? What does he say about using weapons this time? 3. Give a description of where Beowulf goes to fight. 4. Describe the initial fight in lines 785-824. 5. What significant fact is revealed at the end of the fight in lines 785-824?

46. Beowulf Reading Guide “The Final Battle with the Dragon” Part 2 6. Describe Wiglaf. 7. Summarize the speech Wiglaf makes in lines 856-883. 8. For what does Beowulf give thanks? What Anglo-Saxon value does this speech illustrate? 9. What does Beowulf ask of Wiglaf? What does Beowulf give to him after this is accomplished? 10. What ceremony is described in “The Funeral Fire” lines 1091-1136?

47. Epitaphs Let’s look at some epitaphs.epitaphs

48. John Gardner’s Grendel Read chapters one and two – Complete your essay graphic organizer – Complete a Ven diagram comparing and contrasting Beowulf and Grendel

49. Existentialism “The mountains are what I define them as” (28). What is Existentialism?Existentialism Why might Gardner write Grendel in 1 st POV? On your note card and in your own words, write a definition for Existentialism.

50. Examining Two Characters from Grendel: The Shaper and the Dragon

51. The Ordered World of the Shaper “I knew I was dealing with no dull mechanical bull but with thinking creatures, pattern makers, the most dangerous things I’d ever met” (27). The Shaper (40-56) Take notes on the characterization of the Shaper (thinks, says, does, looks, others’ views of him)

52. The Ordered World of the Shaper Why is he called the Shaper? What does he shape? Does Grendel admire the Shaper? Why or why not? Based on the Shaper excerpt, what is suggested about the art of story-telling, and, ultimately, what power does art hold? At one point, Grendel exclaims, “I wanted it, yes! Even if I must be the outcast, cursed by the rules of his hideous fable” (55). Why is Grendel attracted to the words of the Shaper?

53. Art and Existentialism Existentialists and their views on Art

54. The Chaotic World of the Dragon “You [Grendel] are, so to speak, the brute existent by which they learn to define themselves” (73). The Dragon (57-74) Take notes on the characterization of the Dragon (thinks, says, does, looks, others’ views of him)

55. The Chaotic World of the Dragon What is the Dragon’s view of humans? Why? What does the Dragon say is Grendel’s role in the lives of the humans? In other words, how do the Danes order their world knowing that a being like Grendel is, as the Dragon states, “existent”? Why is Grendel attracted to the words of the Dragon?

57. Penultimately... Between the Shaper and the Dragon, is one a more reliable source than the other? Why do you think Gardner made the decision to use Grendel as a narrator? – Metafiction How does Grendel’s status as a monster affect the way he tells the story?

58. Ultimately... Think about Beowulf and Grendel and the two different points of view evident in each text: What can you infer about the values and beliefs of the two different authors? Basically, what are the two clearly different ideas each author has about the human experience? How do you know?