1. What is lurking in the dark, deep, hot waters? HYDROTHERMAL VENTS

2. WHEN WERE THEY DISCOVERED? 1977

3. WHERE WERE THEY DISCOVERED FIRST? Galapagos Rift

4. VOCABULARY Hydrothermal Hy  dro  ther  mal Literally means “hot water” Hydro = water Thermal = heat

5. VOCABULARY Vents An opening at the earth's surface from which volcanic material, such as lava, steam, or gas, is emitted

6. VOCABULARY Symbiotic Sym  bi  o  tic a close and usually obligatory association of two organisms of different species that live together, often to their mutual benefit

7. VOCABULARY Chemosynthesis Che  mo  syn  the  sis The formation of organic material by certain bacteria using energy derived from simple chemical reactions

8. WHERE DO THEY OCCUR? Vents occur where there is volcanic activity  at Divergent and Convergent Plate Boundaries

10. HOW DOES THE WATER GET HOT? The cracks in the seafloor allow water to percolate through the ocean crust where it is heated by nearby chambers of magma.

11. HOW HOT DOES THAT WATER GET? Super hot! Sometimes up to 750ºF (400ºC) SO HOT THAT it dissolves metals and salts as it travels through rocks, eventually rising and gushing out of the hydrothermal vents.

12. CHEMICALS Are TOXIC hydrogen sulfide—a poisonous gas which is toxic to most land-based life. But to the creatures living around the vents, hydrogen sulfide is the source of life.

13. BACTERIA Newly discovered bacteria use hydrogen sulfide gas for energy. These bacteria are the base of the food chain  crabs, clams and tube worms—and all other vent creatures depend on these microbes for life.

14. ARCHAEA The Domain of Life Archaea is where the bacteria Thermophiles belong. Thermophiles are the bacteria that live in hydrothermal vent areas that can withstand the extreme temperatures present in the deep hot waters.

15. Kingdom = Monera (Bacteria) Phyllum = Prokaryotae Domain = Archaea

16. SCIENTIFIC INFO Scientists believe that these vent systems were common 3.85 billion years ago, when the earliest life-forms are thought to have emerged. Possibly the hydrogen-sulfide-eating bacteria near the vents today may resemble these earliest life-forms.

17. TUBE WORMS

18. DEEP SEA CRAB

19. DEEP SEA POMPEII WORM

20. DEEP SEA EELPOUT

21. DEEP SEA LIMPETS

22. DEEP SEA VENT CLAM

23. TUBE WORMS

24. MUNIDOPSIS CRAB

25. POLYNOID VENT WORM

26. RIFTIA PLUME (TOP OF THE TUBE WORM)

27. VULCANOCTOPUS

30. PHOTOSYNTHESIS VS CHEMOSYNTHESIS DIAMANTE POEM Read over the instructions for completing the poem. Follow the steps, Lines 2 through 6. Use the Word Bank