1. 1 NICA Project at JINR Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility I.Meshkov for NICA team September 12 - 16, 2011, Alushta, Ukraine hosted by JINR, Dubna IX МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СЕМИНАР ПО ПРОБЛЕМАМ УСКОРИТЕЛЕЙ ЗАРЯЖЕННЫХ ЧАСТИЦ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФИЗИКИ УСКОРИТЕЛЕЙ НА ВСТРЕЧНЫХ ПУЧКАХ. УСКОРИТЕЛИ ДЛЯ ПРИКЛАДНЫХ ЦЕЛЕЙ Посвященный памяти профессора В.П.Саранцева 17 - 21 сентября 2011 года

2. 2 NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta Contents Introduction: The goal of the project Part I. NICA Project: Concept & Status Part II. Collider Luminosity and Cooling Issues

3. 3 The goal of the project is construction at JINR of a new accelerator facility that provides 1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197 Au 79+ x 197 Au 79+ at  s NN = 4 ÷ 11 GeV (1 ÷ 4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) at L average = 1E27 cm -2  s -1 (at  s NN = 9 GeV) 1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same energy range and luminosity 2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons in collider mode: p  p   s pp = 12 ÷ 27 GeV (5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy ) d  d   s NN = 4 ÷ 13.8 GeV (2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) L average  1E30 cm -2  s -1 (at  s pp = 27 GeV) 3) The beams of light ions and polarized protons and deuterons for fixed target experiments: Li  Au = 1  4.5 GeV /u ion kinetic energy p, p  = 5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy d, d  = 2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy 4) Applied research on ion beams at kinetic energy from 0.5 GeV/u up to 12.6 GeV (p) and 4.5 GeV /u (Au) Introduction: The goal of the project NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

4. 4 Bldg #205 Collider C = 503 m MPD Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Nuclotron Fixed target experiments Bldg #1 SPI & LU-20 (“Old” linac) KRION-6T & HILac Synchrophasotron yoke 2.5 m 4.0 m Booster NICA Layout Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

5. 5 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status 55 Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of 1.1×10 9 ions, acceleration up to 1 - 4.5 GeV/u max. Linac ЛУ-20 Ion sources Fixed Target Area Booster (25 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, storage of 2 ∙ (4-6)×10 9, acceleration up to 100 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration up to 600 MeV/u Stripping (80%) 197 Au 31+ => 197 Au 79+ Two SC collider rings Linac HILac KRION IP-1 IP-2 Facility operation scenario ~ 2 x 23 injection cycles 23bunches per ring NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

6. 6 Extraction BB storage regime Short bunches formation and collider regime Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status Facility operation scenario (Contnd) Booster B(t) I mag (t) Nuclotron B(t) I mag (t) B(t) I mag (t) Collider Extraction Injection Slow extraction, transfer to fixed target experiments Injection E-Cooling NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12. 30 460 465 470 475 480 sec

7. 7 BB storage regime Short bunches formation and collider regime Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status Facility operation scenario (Contnd) Nuclotron B(t) I mag (t) Collider Upper (“Blue”) ring Extraction Injection Slow extraction, transfer to fixed target experiments NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta BB storage regime Short bunches formation and collider regime B(t) I mag (t) Collider Lower (Red”) ring B(t) I mag (t) 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 25 460 465 470 sec0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 30 460 465 470 sec

8. 8 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status Facility operation scenario (Contnd) NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta Option: ……………………………………………………  Bunch compression in Nuclotron  Bunch by bunch injection into Collider and storage of well prepared bunches Advantage: Nuclotron as “classical” booster – refilling of the Collider rings (compensation of intensity losses) at continuous operation; Disadvantage: Poor flexibility – bunch intensity is (should be!) fixed and one can not compensate (if) poor intensity provided by injection chain.

9. 9 Colider 4T (C Ring = 251.5 m) September 2009 Collider 2T - 350 (C Ring = 350 m) February 2010 Colider 2T- 534 (C Ring = 534 m) July 2010 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider Three First (!) Versions of The NICA Collider Layout NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

10. 10 Bldg #205 Bldg #1 The Very Last Version of The NICA Collider Layout Collider C = 503 m MPD Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider (Contnd) NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

11. 11 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider (Contnd) Collider ring principle scheme Electron cooler Stochastic cooling system NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

12. 12 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider (Contnd) Collider general parameters Ring circumference, m503 Focusing structureFODO (12 cell x 90 0 each arc) Number of dipole magnets80 Number of bunches per ring23 Ring acceptance,   mm  mrad 40.0 RMS momentum spread, 1e-31.8 Max. Ion number per bunch, 1e92.0 NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

13. 13 Twin dipole prototype Cryostat and dipole yoke Collider SC magnets Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider (Contnd) 11 NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

14. 14 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider (Contnd) Transfer channel Nuclotron - Collider Nuclotron Collider Design and construction of the transfer channel focusing system will be done at Budker INP (A.Medvedko and team) NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

15. 15 RF Systems Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider (Contnd) Parameter \ RF systemRF1 (BB *) )RF2RF3 Frequency, MHz *) 0.529  0.5911.4÷12.834.2÷38.4 Total voltage amplitude, kV51001000 Voltage per cavity, kV525125 Power consumption per cavity-2550 Number of cavities548 Total power, kW-100400 Cavity length, m-1.1 Total length, m-4.48.8 Project of the Collider RF Systems is under development at Budker INP (G.Kurkin and team) *) Frequency of pulses of the same polarity in RF system of BB type. Rectangular pulses of phase duration π/6, phase distance between the pulses of opposite polarity is equal to π. NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

16. 16 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider (Contnd) 5 m 3.1 m 8.5 m 6 m 1.3 m HV Electron cooler: working design El. energy 0.5  2.5 MeV El. beam current 0.1  1 A Cooperation with V.I.Lenin All-Russian Electrotechnical Institute See reports: S.Yakovenko, Electron Cooler for NICA Collider, Sunday, 10-30 R. Pivin Superconducting Solenoid for Electron Cooling System, Poster #7 SC solenoid system NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

17. 17 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status SC Collider (Contnd) Stochastic cooling system: conceptual design test experiment at Nuclotron Common work with T.Katayama (GSI), R.Stassen (FZJ), L.Thorndahl, D.Möhl (CERN) NICA S-Cooling system: 3  6 GHz (2  4 + 4  8  option), 1.5 kW NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta См. Г.Трубников, сегодня, 15-00, Т.Катаяма, завтра, 12-00 Н.Шурхно, завтра, 10-50

18. 18 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 3 stages of putting into operation Forward spectrometer-B NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta 2-nd stage IT,EC-subdetectors 3-d stage F-spectrometers (optional ?) Toroid 1-st stage barrel part (TPC, Ecal, TOF) + ZDC,FFD, BBC, magnet, …

19. 19 Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status Part II. Collider Luminosity and Cooling Issues II.1. Boundary conditions for NICA Collider 1) Beam emittance (unnormalized)  b  1  mm  mrad –  limited by the ring acceptance 2) L(E i )  1E27 cm -2  s -1 at 3.5 < E i < 4.5 GeV/u – physics requirement 3) Ion number per bunch is limited by injection chain and ion storage time duration: N b  2E9 per bunch NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

20. 20 At fixed  Q =  Q max  0.05 maximum luminosity is achieved when all acceptance is filled with ions! “Space Charge Dominated Regime” (SCD Regime) II.2. Trivial consideration and nontrivial conclusion Part II. Collider Luminosity and Cooling Issues NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

21. 21 II.4.Trivial consideration and nontrivial conclusion (Contnd) If luminosity can be limited (for some “not beam related” reasons – e.g., detector performance) one can have IBS Dominated Regime :  IBS =  cooling Part II. Collider Luminosity and Cooling Issues NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

22. 22  A  opt (E i ) SC DR IBS DR II.4. Energy Ranges of Two Regimes A) Acceptance is filled with ions up to  Q =  Q max = 0.05, L = L max B) Optimal regime: L =  1E27 = const at 3  E i  4.5 GeV/u. L max at 1  E i  3 GeV/u, Part II. Collider Luminosity and Cooling Issues How can we obtain such a regime? We vary N ion per bunch! (e.g., by number of injection cycles ) NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

23. 23 Approaching equilibrium at beam cooling:  Q total   Q res  cooling shrinks ion beam to equilibrium state  Q total >  Q res  nonlinear resonance expands ion beam until it reaches equality  Q total =  Q res (satisfactory condition) Necessary condition:  cool <  IBS. n  = 2 – number of IPs II.3. Space Charge Dominated Regime (SCDR) Part II. Collider Luminosity and Cooling Issues NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

24. 24 1. The luminosity limitation considered here is not absolute: there are several options which allow us to increase luminosity by several times in low energy range; 2. Application of electron cooling of bare nuclei is accompanied by recombination of nuclei with cooling electrons that can diminish significantly beam life time. Special measure should be taken to avoid this restriction; (see talk of A.Philippov, Today, 16-40) 3. Stochastic cooling of an intense bunched beam is very challenging and not well developed yet; 4. Vacuum problems in collider (см. А.Рудаков, понедельник, 11-50) Part II. Collider Luminosity and Cooling Issues NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta II.5. Several remarks on collider problems

25. 25 2011201220132014201520162017 ESIS KRION LINAC + channel Booster + channel Nuclotron-M Nuclotron-M → NICA Channel to collider Collider Diagnostics Power supply Control systems Cryogenics MPD Infrastructure R&DDesignManufactrngMount.+commis.Commis/oprOperation NICA Time Table NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta

26. 26 Conclusion Project NICA Passed the stage of concept formation and is presently in the stage of Detailed simulation of ion beam dynamics, Construction and test of accelerators elements prototypes, Beginning of mass production of the elements, Working design of engineering infrastructure, Preparation of documentation for the State Expertise. Staged commissioning of NICA accelerators is foreseen and beginning of experiments on colliding ion beams (Ist phase of the project) is planned for 2017 year. Tnank you for you attention! NICA Project at JINR I.Meshkov IX Sarantsev Seminar September 17, 2011, Alushta