1. Mangroves and carbon: turning muck into brass? Mark Huxham m.huxham@napier.ac.uk

3. Huxham et al. J Env Mgmt 2015

9. Baseline Girdled periodHarvested period June 2009 October 2009 May 2010 May 2011

10. Loss of CO 2 = revenue potential from avoided deforestation

11. Can we go from this to income from carbon credits? Community protection and reforestation of 117 ha = CO 2 benefits of 2500 tonnes per annum Community income of $12138 per annum = prevent leakage and community benefit

13. KEY Project Technical Operations Community Engagement Government Oversight management and employment Mikoko Pamoja Organisational Structure and Governance reporting relationship MIKOKO PAMOJA COMMUNITY ORGANISATION. This is the registered community producer organization; it is governed by nominated community representatives from Gazi and Makongeni villages and Government Ex- Officio members. Key responsibilities include:  Community communication and outreach  Management of annual project tasks including meeting targets for tree planting and protection  Oversight of community benefits and payments of project profits to community  Management of project bank account and making annual financial reports to Steering group MIKOKO PAMOJA COMMUNITY ORGANISATION. This is the registered community producer organization; it is governed by nominated community representatives from Gazi and Makongeni villages and Government Ex- Officio members. Key responsibilities include:  Community communication and outreach  Management of annual project tasks including meeting targets for tree planting and protection  Oversight of community benefits and payments of project profits to community  Management of project bank account and making annual financial reports to Steering group MIKOKO PAMOJA WORK TEAMS The people recruited to do routine monitoring, policing and planting tasks such as establishing nurseries, reporting on poaching etc MIKOKO PAMOJA WORK TEAMS The people recruited to do routine monitoring, policing and planting tasks such as establishing nurseries, reporting on poaching etc THE KENYA FOREST SERVICE (Working through a Community Forest Association) THE KENYA FOREST SERVICE (Working through a Community Forest Association) Other Community Forest User Groups Chair Vice Chair Coordinator Treasurer Secretary Plan Vivo Foundation The organization that grants official accreditation, thus allowing the sale of carbon credits to buyers such as companies Plan Vivo Foundation The organization that grants official accreditation, thus allowing the sale of carbon credits to buyers such as companies VILLAGE CHAIRS (and local government) VILLAGE CHAIRS (and local government) Mikoko Pamoja STEERING Group (KMFRI, KFS, WWF, Napier, Bangor, Earthwatch). Responsible for selling carbon and reporting back to the Plan Vivo foundation Mikoko Pamoja STEERING Group (KMFRI, KFS, WWF, Napier, Bangor, Earthwatch). Responsible for selling carbon and reporting back to the Plan Vivo foundation DEPARTMENT OF GENDER AND SOCIAL SERVICES Authority to issue registration certificate to MPCO DEPARTMENT OF GENDER AND SOCIAL SERVICES Authority to issue registration certificate to MPCO Buyers of carbon credits

21. Many colleagues especially James Kairo (MMFRI), Martin Skov (Bangor) and Maurizio Mencuccini (Edinburgh) >250 Earthwatch Volunteers The people of Gazi Bay Aviva Ltd Offset at WWW.ACES-ORG.CO.UK