1. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROJECT CLUSTER MEETING Polymer Additive Manufacturing (PAM) Fundació CIM C/Llorens i Artigas, 12 Parc Tecnològic de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain 2 May 2016 GJ Booysen & DJ de Beer Central University of Technology, Free State North West University Vaal University of Technology South Africa

2. Polymer Additive Manufacturing (PAM) Objectives: To develop new polymer AM materials through a localization approach so as to: Lower the cost of AM materials Supplement / broaden the range of materials to make provision for specific applications. Also attend to recycling of used materials. Aim: To assist industries to compete internationally. A decrease in consumable price will make a significant impact on local AM use, and can stimulate a value chain that contributes to economic development and job creation.

3. PAM: Exploitable Results ER 1 Enhanced strength and surface texture capabilities of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) techniques in general, but specifically Entry Level 3D Printing (EL3DP) produced artefacts directly impacts on the aesthetic value output, and will in parallel enhance functionality of artefacts in visual arts, design and additive manufacturing. Photo ?

4. ER 1 - Enhanced strength and surface texture capabilities of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) techniques Description of result and the resulting innovation Entry level FDM 3D printing is a very cost-effective alternative for design and manufacturing. If size limitations and improved surface finishing can be addressed, it will generate a new niche market in additive manufacturing in general, but also design and visual art. Limitations such as poor surface finish quality (step-layering) and size limitations (on smaller printers), that lead to the reduced strength of assembled parts. These shortcomings often steer industry away from utilizing entry level AM technology as it inevitably leads to poor aesthetic value output. As such, post processing technological development is an important component of both high-end and entry level 3D printing (EL3DP) and enhances additive manufacturing by making new techniques possible that did not exist previously. Potential customers Industry in general, small companies, entrepreneurs, innovators, and the complete educational and research value chain. Customer Benefits Innovative capacity and output; New business or enterprise development; Localized production and increased market share; Increased competitive capability, Reduction in costs; Reduction in errors; Increased turnover, enhanced / increased use of AM and support of local innovation/local economic development; grassroots innovation.

5. Technological Readiness Level: Currently between 3- 4, but can easily progress to 9 Milestones in the TRL progression up to TRL 9: Laboratory validation (3-4); Technology Validation in Industry applications (4-5); Technology Demonstration through repeatable case studies (5-6); Technology validation through real-life industrial applications, including design, simulation, optimisation, inspection, testing measuring and NDT (6-7); Qualification processes where applicable (7-8); Final operational applications (8-9) ER 1 - Enhanced strength and surface texture capabilities of FDM techniques

6. Main technical challenges in this result: Equipment and Software acquisition and training costs Case study and resultant technology transfer costs Benchmarking problems (often as a result of competitive products and possible IP/in- house know-how) Costs of testing and evaluation (including NDT) Time to market: Full implementation:12/2017 IPRs: Licensing of software packages or proven process methodologies; Virtually no IPR involved in this ER – more based on skills and know-how, in parallel with education and training, for which the copyright can be licensed. Some possibilities of IPR in terms of finishing equipment /processes developed to date also exist. ER 1 - Enhanced strength and surface texture capabilities of FDM techniques

7. Expressions of Interest: PAM M2-US-EXOVA M5-SA-FORMING M6-SA-MEDAERO M13-EU-AATID PB2-SA-POLYAM PB3-EU-RAPIDOS GT7-MX-CIATEQ GT8-MX-UASLP GT10-EU-CAXMAN GT11-EU-FOFAM GT13-EU-CASSAMOBILE