1. AGENDA MAY 25 Objective: Describe the structure and functions of human body systems. 1. EOC TEST 2. Human Body Systems – Nervous System Endocrine System Immune System 3. Homework and Review

2. HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

3. Chapter 35: Nervous System Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. Messages carried are through electrical impulses. Neurons are cells that transmit these impulses. Three types 1. Sensory – carry impulses from sense organs to spinal cord and brain 2. Motor – carry impulses from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands 3. Interneurons – connect sensory and motor neurons

4. Structure of a Neuron Cell Body – contains nucleus and cytoplasm Dendrite - carry impulses from environment or from other neurons to cell body Axon – carries impulses away from cell body Myelin sheath – insulating membrane Nodes – gaps in axon membrane Axon terminal – contains vesicles filled with chemical neurotransmitters used to transmit impulse Synapse – location where impulse is transferred from one neuron to the next

5. Nerve Impulses Resting potential – electrical charge across cell membrane of neuron in its resting state Inside has net negative chargeOutside has net positive charge ACTIVE TRANSPORT - inside of membrane is negative Action potential – inside of cell membrane becomes more positive than the outside Produces a nerve impulse Threshold – minimum level of a stimulus required to activate a neuron

6. The Nerve Impulse Animation http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/ animation__the_nerve_impulse.htmlhttp://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/ animation__the_nerve_impulse.html

7. Initiation of a Nerve Impulse Resting Potential  Action Potential  Resting Potential Sodium gates openPotassium gates open Na+ into cellK+ out of cell Inside more positive Inside more negative than outside again http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YP_P6bYvEjE

8. Animation Questions 1. Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential is TRUE? A) the exterior of the cell has a net negative charge and the interior has a net positive charge B) the exterior of the cell has a net negative charge and the interior is neutral C) the exterior of the cell has a net positive charge and the interior has a net negative charge D) the exterior of the cell has a net positive charge and the interior is neutral E) the exterior of the cell is neutral and the interior has a net negative charge

9. Animation Questions 2. During depolarization, which of the following statements about voltage- gated ion channels is TRUE A) K+ gates open before Na+ gates B) Na+ gates open before K+ gates C) Na+ and K+ gates open at the same time D) Na+ gates open while K+ gates remain closed E) K+ gates open while Na+ gates remain closed

10. Animation Questions 3. Depolarization occurs because A) more K+ diffuse into the cell than Na+ diffuse out of B) more K+ diffuse out of the cell than Na+ diffuse into it C) more Na+ diffuse into the cell than K+ diffuse out of it D) more Na+ diffuse out of the cell than K+ diffuse into it E) both Na+ and K+ diffuse into the cell

11. Animation Questions 4. The sodium-potassium pump is involved in establishing the resting membrane potential. A) True B) False 5. The nerve impulse is an electrical current that travels along dendrites or axons. A) True B) False

12. The SYNAPSE Transfers impulses from neuron to neuron Neurotransmitters released from SYNAPSE  Bind to receptors on adjacent neuron EXAMPLE: Acetylcholine Functions to activate muscles http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/anim ation__transmission_across_a_synapse.htmlhttp://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/anim ation__transmission_across_a_synapse.html

13. AGENDA June 1 Objective: Describe the structure and functions of human body systems. 1. CONCEPT CHECK TOMORROW! 2. Nervous System Parts of the brain and functions CNS and PNS 3. Homework and Review QUIZ on FRIDAY!!!

14. Central Nervous System Relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information. Brain and spinal cord wrapped in three layers of protective tissue called meninges. Cerebrum Left hemisphere processes right side of body Right hemisphere processes left side of body Brain Stem – connects brain and spinal cord Hypothalamus – control center for hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature

15. Central Nervous System

16. Parts of the brain 1.CEREBRUM – thinking part of brain for voluntary actions L eft and Right hemispheres 2.CORPUS CALLOSUM – communication of cerebrum hemispheres 3.THALAMUS – directs incoming impulses to correct part of brain 4.HYPOTHALAMUS – production of hormones (oxytocin, HGH, dopamine) 5.CEREBELLUM – body coordination

17. Parts of the brain 6. BRAIN STEM (MEDULLA OBLONGATA) – autonomic functions cardiovascular, respiratory 7. PONS – relay station transmits messages to parts of brain 8. MIDBRAIN – vision, hearing, motor control, temperature regulation

18. Peripheral Nervous System Sensory division transmits impulses from organs to CNS. Motor division transmits impulses from CNS to muscles or glands. Subdivided into two parts Somatic Nervous System regulates conscious or voluntary activities. Muscle control and reflexes Autonomic Nervous System regulates automatic or involuntary activities.

19. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Regulates conscious or voluntary activities. Muscle control and reflexes

20. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Regulates involuntary activities Breathing, Heart rate, Digestion, Cellular activities SUBDIVIDED into Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems Assist in maintaining homeostasis Both systems work in conjunction with one another. Sympathetic speeds up heart rate (gas pedal on a car) Parasympathetic slows down heart rate (brake pedal)

21. FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2GywoS77qc

23. AGENDA June 2 Objective: Describe the structure and functions of human body systems. 1. CONCEPT CHECK 2. Nervous System REVIEW GUIDE Parts of the brain and functions CNS and PNS 3. Homework and Review QUIZ on FRIDAY!!! REVIEW GUIDE DUE TOMORROW!!!

24. CONCEPT CHECK!June 2 1. What is the function of the corpus callosum? 2. What is the role of a neurotransmitter? 3. Compare the somatic nervous system with the autonomic nervous system. 4. What is the polarity of a neuron during resting potential?

25. CONCEPT CHECK!June 2 1. What is the relationship between the cerebrum and corpus callosum? Cerebrum divided into left and right hemispheres. 4 Corpus callosum allows for communication between hemispheres.4 2. What is the role of a neurotransmitter? Facilitates a response/action from a neighboring cell 4 3. Compare the somatic nervous system with the autonomic nervous system. Somatic controls voluntary actionsAutonomic = involuntary 6 4. What is the polarity of a neuron during resting potential? Inside of membrane is slightly negativeOutside is slightly positive6

26. FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE Sympathetic initiates FIGHT or FLIGHT RESPONSE Triggers release of hormones (epinephrine) Parasympathetic restores REST and DIGEST RESPONSE