1. While We are Waiting: download the art critique for this week. Message Me: Answer the question below. Message Me: Answer the question below. What characteristics do these two works of art share? List at least three. What characteristics do these two works of art share? List at least three.

2. African Art Pablo Picasso's African Period, 1907 to 1909 Pablo Picasso's African Period, 1907 to 1909 –In the early 20th century, African artifacts were being brought back to Paris museums in consequence of the expansion of the French empire into Africa –The press was abuzz with exaggerated stories of cannibalism and other tales. –It was natural in this climate of African interest that Picasso would look towards African artifacts as inspiration for some of his work –His interest was sparked by Henri Matisse who showed him a mask from the Dan region of Africa.

3. Expectations Participate, Participate, Participate!!! Participate, Participate, Participate!!! Ask questions! There are no silly questions. If you’re thinking it…someone else may be too, so ask! Ask questions! There are no silly questions. If you’re thinking it…someone else may be too, so ask! Please limit off-task activities during instruction (this may include verbal comments, typed comments, and drawing on the white board) Please limit off-task activities during instruction (this may include verbal comments, typed comments, and drawing on the white board)

4. By the End of this Session Students will: Students will: –View European works of art influenced by African art –View different types of African masks –Discuss the different characteristics and functions of African masks

5. Picasso’s African Period the Bust of a Woman (1907) the Bust of a Woman (1907)

6. Picasso’s African Period Mother and Child (1907) Mother and Child (1907)

7. Picasso’s African Period Nude with Raised Arms (1907) Nude with Raised Arms (1907)

8. Africa

9. Africa

10. Baule Mask Characteristics Characteristics –circular face represents the life-giving force of the sun –horns symbolize the great power of the buffalo –made of wood with two holes cut into the eyes to enable the wearer to see –rectangular mouth is also typical of this type of mask Purpose Purpose –used in dances during harvest festivals –Used in parades to honor distinguished visitors –Used at the funerals of important figures

11. Biombo Masks Characteristics Characteristics –usually carved from wood –colored with red "tukula" powder, a dye made from the camwood tree. –eyes are a typical coffee bean shape –triangular checkerboard design is used to decorate the eyebrows and the planes of the face –three forms at the back of the head represent the Biombo hairstyle –Feathers are often attached to the top of Biombo masks Purpose Purpose –usually worn during tribal rituals and ceremonies

12. Bwa Masks Characteristics Characteristics –plank shaped with a circular face at one end and a crescent moon at the other –The wearer looks through a hole in the mouth –eyes are based on an owl –the hooked nose comes from the hornbill –plank section is decorated with geometric patterns  Geometric pattern creates an external rhythm which echoes the internal spiritual energy of the artwork  It can also be used as a coded language where the design communicates secret knowledge to those in the know  represent information about myths and morality that the boys must learn before they can be accepted into adult society Purpose Purpose –believed to possess special powers which are controlled by those who wear them –used to celebrate boys' initiation to adulthood

13. Dan Masks Characteristics Characteristics –high forehead –pouting mouth –pointed chin –may also have scarification marks like the line that splits the forehead and nose –carved in wood –stained with a brown dye Purpose Purpose –sacred objects –used for protection –as a channel for communication with the spirit world. –when a dancer wears a Dan mask he becomes the spirit of that mask. A masked dancer will speak in the language of the spirits and his words are interpreted by a wise man. –There are many different Dan masks, each of which has a distinct use during rituals or festivals

14. Goma Masks Characteristics Characteristics –domed heads –elongated forms –large concave eyes that are highlighted by a change of color –protruding mouth –abstract geometric designs carved on the face and forehead –The triangular checkerboard design in this mask is typical of their surface decoration Purpose Purpose –Not specified

15. Kota Masks Characteristics Characteristics –carved in wood –covered with sheets of brass or copper –very stylized head –simplified body –oval faces with a  convex surface to represent males  concave surface to represent females –Some figures have faces on both sides of the head Purpose Purpose –protect the relics (artifact) of an ancestor that are contained in a box, basket or bundle –they believe they can call on the power of their ancestors to assist them with their troubles in this life.

16. Kwele Masks Characteristics Characteristics –two large horns which sometimes encircle and frame the face –painted with white kaolin clay, the color of the spirits. –heart shaped face –almond shaped eyes –a small or non-existent mouth. Purpose Purpose –believe in witchcraft and blame all their personal and social ills on its influence. –protect themselves against the power of witchcraft with the 'beete' ritual.

17. Ligbi Masks Characteristics Characteristics –elongated face trimmed with wings on either side –eyes are shaded –mouth is rectangular –both animal and human forms are combined in the mask image –Make-up and jewelry are also added Purpose Purpose –used in the celebration of Islamic holidays, especially the end of Ramadan. –The dancers who wear these masks are noted for their elegantly synchronized movements as they dance in pairs

18. Lulua Mask Characteristics Characteristics –Intricate tattoo markings –incised with geometric pattern –colored with a reddish pigment. –pointed forms on the top of the head represent the Lulua hairstyle Purpose Purpose –famous for decorating their bodies with intricate scarification marks and tattoos.

19. Lwalwa Mask Characteristics Characteristics –simple geometric forms represent features of the face –eyes are rectangular holes –nose is a long flat triangle that often stretches to the top of the head –ears are reduced to small bumps –mouth projects from above a pointed chin. –carved from a wood –colored with a dye from the fruit of the ‘mukula’ tree Purpose Purpose –This mask is worn by men. –Lwalwa sculptors are privileged members of the tribe and are highly paid for their craft.  Their skills are often passed down from father to son. –Lwalwa’s are famous for their dancing and masks play an important part in their celebrations  Used for secret rituals of the ‘bangongo’ society who were responsible for the initiation of young men into adulthood.

20. Pende Mask Characteristics Characteristics –a ‘Panya Ngombe’ mask which has a combination of a human and buffalo features. –decorated with incised triangular grids that are often painted with dark and light pigments to create a checkerboard effect. Purpose Purpose –hung above the door or window of a chief’s dwelling –several different types of masks are carved and used to communicate with the spirits during rituals –Pende’s believe that the spirits of their ancestors can positively or negatively influence the quality of their lives

21. Punu Masks Characteristics Characteristics –high-domed hairstyle  suggest that the wearer is wealthy as her hair has not been flattened by the need to carry goods –diamond- shaped scarification marks on their forehead –eyes that display Oriental characteristics Purpose Purpose –represent the idealised beauty of Punu women, and should only be carved by Punu men –Sometimes they are painted white with kaolin clay to represent the spirits of dead ancestors during funerals

22. Senufo Masks Characteristics Characteristics –combine features of animals and humans Purpose Purpose –created by specialist artists who have a high status in their tribe and live apart from the rest of their village –the masks are believed to have the power to help communication between the living and their dead ancestors. –used by the Poro society, a male organization that educates young men in the traditions and responsibilities necessary for their coming of age.

23. Teke Moon Shaped Masks Characteristics Characteristics –decorated with geometric symbols and divided by a horizontal stripe. –colored with clay and paint. –held in place with a bite bar at the back which the wearer holds in his teeth. Purpose Purpose –worn by members of the Kiduma - a secret society that takes charge of social celebrations and rituals.

24. Woyo Masks Characteristics Characteristics –painted with contrasting colors against a white background –often worn with a full length costume made from banana leaves. The colors have symbolic meaning and are sometimes repainted to renew its power. The colors have symbolic meaning and are sometimes repainted to renew its power. Purpose Purpose –For the ritual dances of the 'ndunga', a male society responsible for maintaining social order. They believe in witchcraft. –Trials by fire and poison are used to determine the guilt of those who have been practicing sorcery.

25. Yohure Masks Characteristics Characteristics –beautifully crafted –combine human and animal features –elaborate hairstyles which often include horns –elongated faces with a high forehead –arched eyebrows –low protruding mouth. –The face is outlined with triangular zigzag designs Purpose Purpose –used in dance rituals to help villagers come to terms with the death of one of their people –represent the Yu spirits who restore the social balance after a death. –very powerful and dangerous objects –kept out of sight of women for fear of the effects that the supernatural powers of the Yu spirits may have on them.

26. Art Critique List 3-5 List 3-5 –similarities –differences

27. Exit Ticket! What inspires you to create art? What inspires you to create art? How can traveling alter the characteristics artists include in their artwork? How can traveling alter the characteristics artists include in their artwork?