1. CHAPTER SEVEN Networks, Telecommunications, and Mobile Technology

2. The Telecommunications Revolution It began with the deregulation of AT&T in 1986 AT&T sold long distance 7 baby bells were formed Since then, there has been much M & A activity At this point, it was all POTS Sprint was formed and sold long distance MCI was formed and sold long distance Natural gas pipeline companies and others selling bandwidth Cable TV is not just for television anymore VOIP (Vonage, Skype and others)

3. Trends and Focus Items (1) From proprietary networks to open systems TCP/IP XML From analog signals to digital signals From twisted pair and dialup to broadband

4. Trends and Focus Items (2) From copper wires to fiber Wireless, wireless, wireless There are different wireless standards From dedicated connection to packet-switched networks

5. Metcalfe’s Law The usefulness of a network equals the square of the number of users 2,300,000,000 (2,300,000,000 – 1)

6. The Internet Revolution The Internet changes everything (Jeff Bezos – Amazon.com) The Internet changes nothing (Len Bosac - Cisco)

7. Key Terms (1) Telecommunication system - enable the transmission of data over public or private networks Network - a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together

8. Network Equipment (The Basics) Network operating system to manage network communications (Windows, Linux, etc…) Most every OS is “network aware” Hubs receive data and forward it to all connected devices Minimal intelligence Places significant traffic on the network Reduces network traffic

9. Network Equipment (The Basics) Switches receive data and forward it to the correct device More intelligence Reduces network load over a hub Note that hubs and switches perform the same function Routers connect two or more networks together passing data from one network to another

10. Network Equipment (The Basics) Software defined networking move control functions from specialized hardware in a software application running on a computer

11. Key Terms (2) Local area network (LAN) - is designed to connect a group of computers in close proximity to each other such as in an office building, a school, or a home. Wide area network (WAN) - spans a large geographic area, such as a state, province, or country Metropolitan area network (MAN) - a large computer network usually spanning a city

12. Key Terms (3) Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network Valued-added network (VAN) - a private network, provided by a third party, for exchanging information through a high capacity connection

13. Internet Architecture Based in TCP/IP Each host as an IP address Four octets from 0 to 255 Domain Name Service (DNS) converts names to IP addresses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) to move mail

14. Internet Architecture File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Short Message Service (SMS) Telnet Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) And hundred of others

15. Internet Governance Nobody owns the thing Several organizations define protocols and architecture Internet Architecture Board (IAB) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

16. The World Wide Web Pages are “marked up” using HTML Pages are located via a URL Pages are transferred via hHTTP

17. Search Search engine optimization Search engine marketing We sell ads Social send semantic search narrows results

18. Web versions These are not physical versions but general visions Web 2.0 Collaboration Wikis Social networking Web 3.0 The semantic web.

19. Voice Over IP Skype was one of the first Vonage AT&T and Cable providers Cisco Many companies use VOIP to reduce telephony charges

20. Voice Over IP (Illustration)

21. Increasing the Speed of Business Bandwidth - is the difference between the highest and the lowest frequencies that can be transmitted on a single medium, and it is a measure of the medium's capacity

22. Types of Channels Physical Twisted pair 2MB to 100MB Coax (Ethernet) 200MB to 500mb Fiber 320+ GB Wireless Microwave 200MB Satellite 200+MB Bluetooth (1MB)

23. Network Security Encryption Dedicated (leased) lines VPN

24. Mobility (Terms) Mobile means the technology can travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in real-time Hand-held devices that dock when the user returns to the office Wireless gives users a live (Internet) connection via satellite or radio transmitters

25. Mobility (Examples) FedEx and UPS hand-held devices (real-time wireless connections) Budweiser (Hand-held devices with docking stations) Season pass scanners

26. Cell Phones and PDAs In 10 years, the PC might be obsolete The iPhone A 25 billion dollar industry in apps Bandwidth allows for the convergence of voice, video, and data

27. Cellular Service (Illustration)

28. The Cellular Revolution

29. Satellite Technologies They use microwaves Terrestrial microwaves Geosynchronous satellites Require line of sight Good for remote locations Slow upload speeds Iridium http://www.iridium.com/http://www.iridium.com/

30. Global Positioning Systems 24 satellites transmit constantly Your GPS receives these signals and triangulates your position

31. GPS Illustration

32. WiMAX Wide area wi-fi Sprint, AT&T, Google WiMAX cells can cover up to 3000 square miles

33. RFID This is a hot topic My Heavenly ski pass has an RFID tag Retailers used RFID in certain items for loss prevention Use on shipping containers Wal-Mart uses RFID on all palletized shipments Wynn uses them in it’s casino chips

34. RFID (Privacy Concerns) Imagine what I could learn with an RFID tag embedded into your credit card

35. RFID (Types) Active tags have their own power source Passive tags get power from the RFID reader

36. Mobile Workforce Trends Social networking gets mobilized Mobile TV Multi-function devices become cheaper and more versatile Location-based services Mobile advertising Wireless providers move into home entertainment Wireless security moves to the forefront Enterprise mobility