1. THE FUTURE OF MOBILE AND WIRELESS NETWORKS – IS IT 4G? ALL IP? LICENSED? PUBLIC? PRIVATE? Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 Mobile Communications Chapter 11 : Outlook

2. Mobile and wireless services – Always Best Connected Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 UMTS 2 Mbit/s UMTS, GSM 384 kbit/s LAN 100 Mbit/s, WLAN 54 Mbit/s UMTS, GSM 115 kbit/s GSM 115 kbit/s, WLAN 11 Mbit/s GSM 53 kbit/s Bluetooth 500 kbit/s GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s, WLAN 1 Mbit/s LAN, WLAN 16 Mbit/s

3. Wireless systems: overview of the development Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 cellular phonessatellites wireless LANcordless phones 1992: GSM 1994: DCS 1800 2001: IMT-2000 1987: CT1+ 1982: Inmarsat-A 1992: Inmarsat-B Inmarsat-M 1998: Iridium 1989: CT 2 1991: DECT 199x: proprietary 1997: IEEE 802.11 1999: 802.11b, Bluetooth 1988: Inmarsat-C analogue digital 1991: D-AMPS 1991: CDMA 1981: NMT 450 1986: NMT 900 1980: CT0 1984: CT1 1983: AMPS 1993: PDC 4G – fourth generation: when and how? 2000: GPRS 2000: IEEE 802.11a 200?: Fourth Generation (Internet based)

4. Overlay Networks - the global goal Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 regional metropolitan area campus-based in-car, in-house, personal area vertical handover horizontal handover integration of heterogeneous fixed and mobile networks with varying transmission characteristics

5. Wireless access technologies Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 DAB 802.11a/g/n relative speed [km/h] 250 100 50 5 0 10 kbit/s2 Mbit/s20 Mbit/s150 Mbit/s DECT UMTS GSM, TETRA bandwidth 802.11b Bluetooth Point-to-multipoint distribution systems FDD TDD physical/ economic border EDGE

6. Key features of future mobile and wireless networks Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 Improved radio technology and antennas  smart antennas, beam forming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)  space division multiplex to increase capacity, benefit from multipath  software defined radios (SDR)  use of different air interfaces, download new modulation/coding/...  requires a lot of processing power (UMTS RF 10000 GIPS)  dynamic spectrum allocation  spectrum on demand results in higher overall capacity Core network convergence  IP-based, quality of service, mobile IP Ad-hoc technologies  spontaneous communication, power saving, redundancy Simple and open service platform  intelligence at the edge, not in the network (as with IN)  more service providers, not network operators only

7. Long Term Evolution (LTE) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 Initiated in 2004, focus on enhancing the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and optimizing 3GPP’s radio access architecture. Targets: Downlink 100 Mbit/s, uplink 50 Mbit/s 2007: E UTRA progressed from the feasibility study stage to the first issue of approved Technical Specifications 2008: stable for commercial implementation. Downlink: OFDM, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM Uplink: SC-FDMA, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM Channel bandwidths between 1.25 and 20 MHz 4 x Increased Spectral Efficiency, 10 x Users Per Cell (MIMO), reduced RTT FDD and TDD supported, co-existence with earlier 3GPP standards incl. handover Core network: System Architecture Evolution (SAE), optimizing it for packet mode and in particular for the IP-Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

8. LTE advanced Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 GSM – UMTS - LTE  LTE advanced as candidate for IMT-advanced Worldwide functionality & roaming Compatibility of services Interworking with other radio access systems Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility) 3GPP will be contributing to the ITU-R towards the development of IMT-Advanced via its proposal for LTE- Advanced.

9. Example IP-based 4G/Next G/… network Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 IP-based core SS7 signalling Internet GSM UMTS public WLAN RNC BSC firewall, GGSN, gateway gateways server farm, gateways, proxies PSTN, CS core MSC SGSN router broadcast access points private WLAN private WPAN

10. Potential problems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 Quality of service  Today‘s Internet is best-effort  Integrated services did not work out  Differentiated services have to prove scalability and manageability  What about the simplicity of the Internet? DoS attacks on QoS? Internet protocols are well known…  …also to attackers, hackers, intruders  security by obscurity does not really work, however, closed systems provide some protection Reliability, maintenance  Open question if Internet technology is really cheaper as soon as high reliability (99.9999%) is required plus all features are integrated Missing charging models  Charging by technical parameters (volume, time) is not reasonable  Pay-per-application may make much more sense Killer application? There is no single killer application!  Choice of services and (almost) seamless access to networks determine the success

11. Have fun with mobile communications! Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller www.jochenschiller.de MC - 2009 This is the end of the slide set – but there is so much more to say about mobile communications! Thanks for following so far and enjoy digging into the fascinating wireless and mobile world! Jochen Schiller, Berlin/Germany, 2009