1. LEQ: What are the basic rules of probability? 9.7

2. Probability The likelihood that a particular event will occur

3. Rules of Probability The larger the sample size, the closer you get to the expected outcome The larger the sample size, the closer you get to the expected outcome Past events don’t influence future outcomes Past events don’t influence future outcomes Every flip of the coin has a 50/50 chance of being heads or tails Every flip of the coin has a 50/50 chance of being heads or tails

4. Rules of Probability Rule of Multiplication: the probability of a compound event (i.e. 2 coins landing heads up) is the product of the separate probabilities Rule of Multiplication: the probability of a compound event (i.e. 2 coins landing heads up) is the product of the separate probabilities Independent events occurring in succession Independent events occurring in succession AND AND 2 coins landing heads up: 2 coins landing heads up: ½ X ½ = ¼ ½ X ½ = ¼ 2 heterzygous Gg X Gg producing gg 2 heterzygous Gg X Gg producing gg ½ X ½ = ¼ ½ X ½ = ¼ 2 dihybrids RrGg X RrGg producing rrgg 2 dihybrids RrGg X RrGg producing rrgg ¼ X ¼ = 1/16 ¼ X ¼ = 1/16

5. Rules of Probability Rule of Addition: the probability that an event can occur in 2 or more alternative ways is the sum of the separate probabilities Rule of Addition: the probability that an event can occur in 2 or more alternative ways is the sum of the separate probabilities Mutually exclusive Mutually exclusive OR OR Cross Pp X Pp what is the probability of getting heterozygote? Cross Pp X Pp what is the probability of getting heterozygote? Parent 1 P (1/2) and Parent 2 p (1/2) = ¼ Parent 1 P (1/2) and Parent 2 p (1/2) = ¼Or Parent 1 p (1/2) and Parent 2 P (1/2) = ¼ Parent 1 p (1/2) and Parent 2 P (1/2) = ¼ ¼ + ¼ = 2/4 or 1/2 ¼ + ¼ = 2/4 or 1/2