1. Survivorship Curves Application: The Cemetery Lab St. James Cemetery, Toronto ON

2. What is survivorship? Describes the pattern of mortality and survival in a populationescribepatternmortality survivalpopulation The probability of newborn individuals of a cohort surviving to particular ages

3. Discuss with a partner What are the different types of survivorship curves?

6. Three types of Survivorship Curves - Type I survivorship curves are for species that have a high survival rate of the young, live out most of their expected life span and die in old age. Humans are a good example of a species with a Type I survivorship curve. Q: What is the catch? Type II survivorship curves are for species that have a relatively constant death rate throughout their life span. Death could be due to hunting or diseases. Examples of species exhibiting a Type II survivorship curve are coral, squirrels, honey bees and many reptiles. Type III survivorship curves are found in species that have many young, most of which die very early in their life. Plants, oysters and sea urchins are examples of species that have Type III survivorship curves.

7. Our data from St. James Cemetery Combine 100 birth and death dates Construct Survivorship Curve as per instructions in the Tiger Book

8. Observing Survivorship Data using gravestones (100 min) Birth dateDeath dateAge at Death 18501901 18511942 18521884 18521884 18521900

9. Back at the lab- calculate survivorship (in this example n=22) Age at death (yrs)No. of original group surviving Survivorship 521954 1020909 2718818 2718818 Survivorship = No. of original group surviving *1000 original number (n)

10. Graph your data= Survivorship curve

11. Part 2: Simpson’s diversity index At the cemetery, collect 100 leaves Sort them based on their species type Count the number of each species Calculate the diversity index for the cemetery (see handout) Collect 100 leaves at another location and calculate the index Compare the 2 values. Which location is more diverse?