1. Submission doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0390-00-007a Kookmin University Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Kookmin University Response to 15.7r1 CFA: Positioning issues of OCC based Vehicular Communication] Date Submitted: [March, 2015] Source: [Md. Shareef Ifthekhar, Trang Nguyen, Nirzhar Saha, Nam Tuan Le, Mohammad Arif Hossain, Chang Hyun Hong and Yeong Min Jang] [Kookmin University] Address [Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea] Voice:[82-2-910-5068], FAX: [82-2-910-5068], E-Mail:[yjang@kookmin.ac.kr] Re: [] Abstract: Purpose:Call for Application Response Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. May 2015 Yeong Min Jang, Kookmin University

2. Submission doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0390-00-007a Kookmin University May 2015 Slide 2 Kookmin University Response to 15.7r1 CFA: Positioning issues of OCC based Vehicular Communication Yeong Min Jang yjang@kookmin.ac.kr

3. Submission doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0390-00-007a Kookmin University Slide 3 May 2015 Contents  OCC based V2V communication  OCC based V2V positioning  Conclusion

4. Submission doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0390-00-007a Kookmin University Slide 4 May 2015 OCC based V2V Communication (Advantage)  Negligible multipath fading and Doppler effects  Static channel impulse response compared with optical signal frequency  Minimum interference  Spatial separation of multiple light source in receiving plane  Simpler OCC link design than RF channel  Due negligible multipath fading and Doppler effect  Simultaneous data communication without complicated protocol  Spatial separation of multiple light source in receiving plane  Each pixel acts as independent receiver

5. Submission doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0390-00-007a Kookmin University Slide 5 May 2015 OCC based V2V Communication (Issues)  Background noise from sun  Pixel could saturate due to high back ground noise from sun  hence unable to receive signal  Only LoS communication is possible for V2V communication  Camera frame rates vs. vehicle speed  Unable to receive data at time interval between two frames  For low frame rate camera, vehicle will travel more distance at that interval  Hence increase tracking complexity  Also increase collision probability  Perspective distortion  Due to viewing angle and distance  Data from multiple LED may not be resolved

6. Submission doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0390-00-007a Kookmin University Slide 6 May 2015 OCC based V2V Positioning  Why  To prevent collision  As GPS could determine only users’ vehicle position  It unable to determine neighbor vehicle position  RADAR and LADAR are expensive to use.  Advantage  Simultaneous communication and positioning  Cooperative vehicle positioning  Vision based positioning

7. Submission doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0390-00-007a Kookmin University Slide 7 May 2015 OCC based V2V Positioning (Issues)  Out of focus issues  Limited camera FOV  Angular movement of vehicle  Angular rotation (Roll, Pitch, Yaw) of target and users’ vehicle affects the positioning accuracy  Computer Vision (CV) and OCC based combined approach  CV require ground truth (predefine known marker location) to estimate target vehicle position*.  OCC based combined approach could be used. Ref: M.S. Ifthekhar, N. Saha, Y.M. Jang, “Stereo-vision-based cooperative-vehicle positioning using OCC and neural networks,” Optics Communications, 2015 (In Press) *R. Hartley, A. Zisserman, “Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision,” Cambridge University Press, March 2004

8. Submission doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0390-00-007a Kookmin University Slide 8 May 2015 Conclusion  As transmitter and receiver are continuously changing their position  Communication and positioning should be done simultaneously  If any vehicle move 40 km/h then it will move 11m/s.  So technical document 4.1.3 (Receiver) should specify vehicle speed vs. allowable minimum camera frame rates for applications A4 and A7  Also technical documents 4.1.5 (Transfer Mode) should consider to broadcast ID during data transfer mode for applications A4 and A7.  4.1.13 Identification of transmitter (for A4 and A7)  Receiver will receive data from multiple independent transmitters (Car lights or traffic lights) which is not MIMO.  Sometimes it may happen to resume communication with one or more transmitters due to brief out of sight.