BR 1. Out-of-class Research Project 2. Listen and Answer 3. Background Information Clone Before Reading Genetic Engineering Narcissus Prometheus Julius.

BR 1. Out-of-class Research Project 2. Listen and Answer 3. Background Information Clone Before Reading Genetic Engineering Narcissus Prometheus Julius Robert Oppenheimer Hiroshima Nagasaki

BR （ ORP ） Out-of-class Research Project The research project should be assigned at the end of the previous unit. Students form groups to use library resources and Internet resources to get answers to the following questions. 1. What is cloning? 2. Give a brief history of the scientific research into cloning. 3. What are the major pros and cons of human cloning? 4. During your research, what new vocabulary items have you come across that are related to cloning?

BR （ LA1 ） Listen and Answer 1. What does Prof. Greely think of human cloning? We must distinguish different types of human cloning. Some are justified; others are not. 2. What is the greatest problem with human reproductive cloning? Safety. Listen to the interview and answer the following questions according to Prof. Greely. ■

BR( LA2 ) Listen and Answer Listen to the interview and answer the following questions according to Prof. Greely. 3. What are the problems with a human clone? There may be cell changes that are initially invisible and only show themselves as the clone ages. There’s also a problem with the ends of chromosomes in cells, which shorten until the cells can no longer reproduce.

BR （ LA3 ） 4. In what situations can we use cloning? Firstly, helping parents who are having difficulty having children would be one area. Secondly, parents want to create a new child to be a bone marrow donor for an older sick child. Another situation is cloning a child who has accidentally died. Listen and Answer Listen to the interview and answer the following questions according to Prof. Greely. 5. What about cloning a Hitler or Michael Jordan? We can dismiss those as bad or even silly applications.

BR （ LA4 ） Listen and Answer Listen to the interview and answer the following questions according to Prof. Greely. 6. Is there anything else about the future of human cloning? Even if cloning humans were safe and we as a society had decided it was right and proper for reproductive purposes, I don’t think we’d see a lot of clones. The old- fashioned way of making babies has a lot going for it: It’s easy, traditional, well understood, and occasionally even pleasant.

BR( LA5) ■ Listen and Answer Listen to the interview and answer the following questions according to Prof. Greely.

BR （ C 1 ） ■ Clone Clone is a group of organisms or cells that are genetically identical, having been produced from one parent by asexual reproduction. The individual organisms or cells are precise copies of the parent and genetically identical to it. Clones are found naturally among single-celled organisms (such as bacteria), a few invertebrates (such as corals), and some asexually reproducing plants (as in the production of runners by a strawberry plant). In agriculture, plant cloning can be used to advantage, in that individuals with desirable properties, such as pest-resistance or high growth rates, can be replicated exactly without the unpredictable results associated with sexual reproduction.

BR （ C 2 ） Artificial cloning of animals and cells can be achieved by teasing apart the cells of the early embryo. Similarly, cells capable of growing into mature plants can be obtained from plant growth-regions (meristems 分生组织 ). In genetic engineering cloning refers to the copying of DNA molecules. http:// www.clonecentral.com http:// www.znet.com/danforth Clone

BR （ C3 ） Clone

BR （ C4 ） Bacterial

BR （ C5 ） Invertebrates

BR （ C6 ） Corals

BR （ C7 ） Strawberry Plant

BR （ C8 ） Embryo

BR （ C9 ） DNA

BR （ GE1 ） Genetic Engineering ■ Genetic engineering is the deliberate modification of the genetic make-up (genome) of an organism by manipulation of its DNA. Genetic engineering techniques include cell fusion and the use of recombinant DNA (rDNA). Since the late 1960s these techniques have held out the most exciting promise for biotechnology.

BR （ GE2 ） In such a new field controversy inevitably abounds. Worries concerning release of genetically novel bacteria into the environment, or the possible manipulation of human embryos, have led to the setting up in the USA of the Genetic Manipulation Advisory Group (GMAG). Legislation governing genetic research has also been passed in several other countries. Genetic Engineering

BR （ Narcissus ） Narcissus In Greek mythology, Narcissus is a beautiful youth who spurned ( 拒绝 ) the love of the nymph Echo and in punishment was made to fall in love with his own reflection; he pined away gazing at himself in a pool and at his death was changed into the flower bearing his name narcissus. ■

BR （ Prometheus ） Prometheus ■ Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Prometheus is, in Greek mythology, a who made the first man from clay and stole from the gods to give to mankind. In for the theft, Zeus Prometheus to a rock, where his liver was eaten every day by an, only to grow again every night. Hercules eventually him. Prometheus has been seen as a symbol of, rebellion against tyranny, and of imagination. Titan _____ fire ___ revenge _______ creative _______ chained _______ eagle _____ rescued _______ freedom _______

BR （ JRO1 ） Julius Robert Oppenheimer Oppenheimer, (Julius) Robert (1904-1967) US physicist. Click the words in blue to get more information!

BR （ JRO2 ） Julius Robert Oppenheimer Julius Robert Oppenheimer (1904~1967) was a US physicist. He was appointed in 1942 as Director of the Manhattan Project, the secret project to develop the atomic bomb in the USA during World War II, based at Los Alamos, New Mexico, which in 1945 made the first atomic bomb. In 1953, at the height of the witch-hunting campaign led by the US Senator Joseph McCarthy, Oppenheimer was excluded from sensitive research on the grounds that he had Communist sympathies, but subsequently (1963) he was unreservedly rehabilitated. http://www.atomicmuseum.com/tour/mp6.cfm ■

BR （ Hiroshima ） ■ Hiroshima Hiroshima is a Japanese city in southern Honshu. Hitherto largely undamaged by the US bombing campaign, Hiroshima became the target of the first atomic bomb attack on 6 August 1945, which resulted in the virtual obliteration of the city centre and the deaths of about one-third of the population of 300,000. The attack on Hiroshima, together with that on Nagasaki three days later, led directly to Japan’s unconditional surrender and the end of World War II.

BR （ Nagasaki ） ■ Nagasaki Nagasaki is a Japanese city in Kyushu. On 9 August 1945, three days after the first atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima, Nagasaki became the next target. The hilly terrain protected the population of 230,000 from the full effects of the explosion, but 40,000 people were killed and tremendous destruction caused. On the following day Japan offered to surrender and the ceasefire began on 15 August, the official surrender finally being signed on 2 September.

GR Global Reading 1. Part Division of the Text 2. Further Understanding For Part 1 For Part 2 Role Play Questions and Answers Word-web Group Discussion For Part 3 Further Division 3. Text Analysis Group Discussion For Part 4 Scanning

GR （ Part ） Part Division of the Text PartsLines Main Ideas 11~13 214~37 338~89 490~114 Dolly the sheep, a clone, was born. Dolly’s birth has made cloning a reality and human cloning a possibility. People have to face the ethical problems of human cloning. Cloning technology could benefit people in more than one way.

GR （ RP ） Role Play Make a telephone call between Ian Wilmut and John Bracken to describe Dolly’s birth (when, where, weight) and the corresponding response at that time. Pay attention to the tone the two take in the telephone conversation.

GR （ QA1 ） Scan the first three paragraphs and answer the following questions. 1. 2. Does a tense change take place and what’s it? The first two paragraphs act as introduction to the whole essay. Questions and Answers What important role do beginning paragraphs play in journalistic writing?

GR （ QA2 ） Questions and Answers 3. The text starts with the birth of Dolly, because it is a critical point in cloning research. Readers’ interest is further aroused by the low-key tone. Why no excitement, why no champagne, why were few people around? Readers are then ready to be told an objective account about human cloning. Why didn’t the author start from the very beginning of cloning research, but start with the birth of Dolly? Scan the first three paragraphs and answer the following questions.

Find words and phrases related to the creation of Dolly in the 4th paragraph and describe it in your own words with the help of the list. GR(WW) Word-web Clone union remove Dolly out of sheep take up residence grow sperm egg udder cell gene another fuse original identical twin

GR （ GD1 ） Group Discussion 1. In what way is it different from other lambs? 2. What is the significance of Dolly’s birth? 3. What did scientists think of cloning decades ago? 4. Is human cloning possible now that Dolly was born? 5. What is Wilmut’s attitude toward the cloning of humans?

GR （ FD ） Further Division Further divide this part into two sections and get the main ideas. SectionsParagraphsMain ideas 1 2 7~9 10~11 Human cloning has given rise to the question of what implications the technology may have for mankind. The making of the atomic bomb had a tremendous impact on scientists.

GR （ GD2 ） 1. What is the message Linda Pastan’s poem carries? 2. What does the old joke indicate? 3. What does the story of J. Robert Oppenheimer suggest? Group Discussion

GR （ sc ） Scan this part and list the benefits of human cloning, esp. in terms of medicine. Scanning

GR （ Text Analysis ） Text Analysis Get the features of the text concerning the following points. Style:journalistic writing Theme :science and ethics Introduction:eye-catching Tone:objective The “father” of Dolly is levelheaded about his achievement, so is the author. She quotes Wilmut and Oppenheimer to show how science can be a double-edged sword. Before listing the many benefits of human cloning in Part 4, she first identifies the ethical problems involved in Part 3. In her article she asks many questions, to which she gives no answer. If she said that there were definite answers, she would not be objective.

GR （ Text Analysis ） Diction and Sentence Construction: elaborate words, long and complex sentences and paragraphs

Article1_S A CLONE IS BORN On July 5, 1996, at 5:00 p.m., the most famous lamb in history entered the world. She was born in a shed, just down the road from the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, where she was created. And yet her creator, Ian Wilmut, a quiet, balding fifty-two-year-old embryologist, does not remember where he was when he heard that the lamb, named Dolly, was born. He does not even recall getting a telephone call from John Bracken, a scientist who had monitored the pregnancy of the sheep that gave birth to Dolly, saying that Dolly was alive and healthy and weighed 6.6 kilograms.

Article1_S-p A CLONE IS BORN On July 5, 1996, at 5:00 p.m., the most famous lamb in history entered the world. She was born in a shed, just down the road from the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, where she was created. And yet her creator, Ian Wilmut, a quiet, balding fifty-two-year-old embryologist, does not remember where he was when he heard that the lamb, named Dolly, was born. He does not even recall getting a telephone call from John Bracken, a scientist who had monitored the pregnancy of the sheep that gave birth to Dolly, saying that Dolly was alive and healthy and weighed 6.6 kilograms. 1. Analyze the structure of the subject. Pay attention to the subject: her creator, Ian Wilmut, a quiet, balding fifty-two-year-old embryologist. Here her creator, Ian Wilmut and a quite, balding fifty-two-year- old embryologist are in apposition ( 同位关系 ). 2. Scan the text and find any other sentences with apposition. LL. 14~15, LL. 21~23, LL. 25~26, etc. 3. What can you infer from the sentence? Even the creator was indifferent to the birth of Dolly, so we can see the attitude of Wilmut towards cloning at the very beginning. From the low-key tone in the introduction and later on words said by Wilmut in the 6th paragraph we can also see that Wilmut was levelheaded about his achievement.

Article1_w A CLONE IS BORN On July 5, 1996, at 5:00 p.m., the most famous lamb in history entered the world. She was born in a shed, just down the road from the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, where she was created. And yet her creator, Ian Wilmut, a quiet, balding fifty-two-year-old embryologist, does not remember where he was when he heard that the lamb, named Dolly, was born. He does not even recall getting a telephone call from John Bracken, a scientist who had monitored the pregnancy of the sheep that gave birth to Dolly, saying that Dolly was alive and healthy and weighed 6.6 kilograms.

Article1_w-clone A CLONE IS BORN On July 5, 1996, at 5:00 p.m., the most famous lamb in history entered the world. She was born in a shed, just down the road from the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, where she was created. And yet her creator, Ian Wilmut, a quiet, balding fifty-two-year-old embryologist, does not remember where he was when he heard that the lamb, named Dolly, was born. He does not even recall getting a telephone call from John Bracken, a scientist who had monitored the pregnancy of the sheep that gave birth to Dolly, saying that Dolly was alive and healthy and weighed 6.6 kilograms. clone: The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction. 1.n. any of a group of plants or animals produced from the cells of a single ancestor and therefore exactly the same as it is Researchers produced clones from adult mice in1998. 2. v. make an exact copy of a plant or animal by taking a cell from it and developing it artificially Although two clones are identical genetically, they may develop in different ways. Experiments to try to clone human embryos have met with hostility from some sections of the public.

Article1_w -give birth to A CLONE IS BORN On July 5, 1996, at 5:00 p.m., the most famous lamb in history entered the world. She was born in a shed, just down the road from the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, where she was created. And yet her creator, Ian Wilmut, a quiet, balding fifty-two-year-old embryologist, does not remember where he was when he heard that the lamb, named Dolly, was born. He does not even recall getting a telephone call from John Bracken, a scientist who had monitored the pregnancy of the sheep that gave birth to Dolly, saying that Dolly was alive and healthy and weighed 6.6 kilograms. give birth to: 1) bear (a child); bring forth Too many mothers gave birth to babies in the year of 2000. create; originate 2) These workers gave birth to a new political party. They provided the weapons and gave birth to the Atomic Age. Collocation ：赠送；泄露 give away 屈服，让步 give in 释放，放出 give off 分发 give out 放弃 give up 他们提供了武器并产生了原子时代。

Article2_S No one broke open champagne. No one took pictures. Only a few staff members from the institute and a local veterinarian who attended the birth were present. Yet Dolly, who looked for all the world like hundreds of other lambs that dot the rolling hills of Scotland, was soon to change the world. When the time comes to write the history of our age, this quiet birth, the creation of this little lamb, will stand out. The world is a different place now that she is born. Dolly is a clone. She was created not out of the union of a sperm and an egg but out of the genetic material from an udder cell of a six-year-old sheep.

Article2_S-p No one broke open champagne. No one took pictures. Only a few staff members from the institute and a local veterinarian who attended the birth were present. Yet Dolly, who looked for all the world like hundreds of other lambs that dot the rolling hills of Scotland, was soon to change the world. When the time comes to write the history of our age, this quiet birth, the creation of this little lamb, will stand out. The world is a different place now that she is born. Dolly is a clone. She was created not out of the union of a sperm and an egg but out of the genetic material from an udder cell of a six-year-old sheep. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 然而，多利，这头与苏格兰起伏的山丘上散布着的千百头其他的羊毫无异样的小羊羔，很快就改变了世界。

Article2_w No one broke open champagne. No one took pictures. Only a few staff members from the institute and a local veterinarian who attended the birth were present. Yet Dolly, who looked for all the world like hundreds of other lambs that dot the rolling hills of Scotland, was soon to change the world. When the time comes to write the history of our age, this quiet birth, the creation of this little lamb, will stand out. The world is a different place now that she is born. Dolly is a clone. She was created not out of the union of a sperm and an egg but out of the genetic material from an udder cell of a six-year-old sheep.

Article2_w-for all the world No one broke open champagne. No one took pictures. Only a few staff members from the institute and a local veterinarian who attended the birth were present. Yet Dolly, who looked for all the world like hundreds of other lambs that dot the rolling hills of Scotland, was soon to change the world. When the time comes to write the history of our age, this quiet birth, the creation of this little lamb, will stand out. The world is a different place now that she is born. Dolly is a clone. She was created not out of the union of a sperm and an egg but out of the genetic material from an udder cell of a six-year-old sheep. for all the world: in every respect; exactly The old lady felt for all the world as if she was still young. The little boy looked for all the world like his father.

Article3_s Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.

Article3_s-p Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Paraphrase the sentence. Decades ago, cloning had been thought to be a possible technology and then was disregarded by serious scientists because they thought it wasn’t going to happen in the near future.

Article3_w Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.

Article3_w-fuse Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. fuse: 1. v. 1)(cause to) join together 2. n. a short piece of wire which melts and breaks the circuit if the circuit is overloaded 如果你同时把电暖炉和电热锅都开着，保险丝会烧断的。 The scientist tried to fuse these pieces into a whole. The bottom of the candle was fused with the table. 2) melt through great heat Lead will fuse at quite a low temperature. You’ll blow a fuse if you put the electric heater and the cooker on at the same time.

Article3_w- take up1 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. take up: 1) go and live; move into (a certain position) 2) begin to do; interest oneself in 3) continue 4) occupy Match the above definitions with the sentences below. The extra duties took up most of my time. He took up mountain climbing while at school. Let’s take up our story where we left off. One of my best partners left to take up another post. (4) (2) (3) (1)

Article3_w - take up2 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Collocation ：与 …… 相像 take after 收回（所说的话） take back 记下，写下 take down 收留；接纳，吸收 take in 接任，接管 take over 开始喜欢 take to

Article3_w –residence1 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. residence: n. the fact of living in a particular place ； a house, esp. a large or official one He enjoyed his residence in China. 他喜欢住在中国。 A desirable residence for sale. ( 广告用语 ) 吉屋出售。您到寒舍来看我，真是太好了。 How nice of you to visit me at my humble residence. take up residence: start living in a place He took up residence on the top floor of a hotel. 他在一家旅馆顶层住下。 The students are not in residence during the holidays. 学生假期不住校。 in residence: living in a place at a particular time

Article3_w –residence2 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. CF: residence, home, house & habitation 这些词都是名词，都可以表示 “ 家，住宅 ” 的意思。 residence 较为正式，指庄严或豪华的住地，亦强调与居住者的职业活动地点不同。例如： The family has a beautiful summer residence at the lakeside. 这家人在湖滨有栋漂亮的夏季住宅。 The doctor has his office in the city, but his residence is in the suburbs. 这个医生的诊所在城里，可家在郊区。最普通用词，带有一定的感情色彩，所强调的不一定仅指房屋，而是 “ 家 ” 、 “ 家庭 ” 这一概念；也可指一个人出生成长并居住的地方。例如： home He always has a keen desire for a comfortable home. 他一直强烈渴望有一个舒适的家。 She left home for America to receive advanced education. 她离开祖国去了美国以接受高等教育。

Article3_w –residence3 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. CF: residence, home, house & habitation house 泛指所有可供居住的建筑。例如： New houses are springing up everywhere. 新房子如雨后春笋般地到处出现。 The house is fitted up with air-conditioning. 这栋房子装有空调。 habitation 指人们已定居的住处，具有永久性。例如： The ancient tribe had no habitation. 这个古老的部落没有定居处。 The pioneers built a habitation near the mouth of the river. 拓荒者们在河口附近建起了聚居地。

Article3_w-identical1 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. identical: adj. exactly alike or equal; the very same (followed by to ) 我们双方对应当怎么办的看法是一致的。 We are identical in our views of what should be done. This is the identical hotel that we stayed in two years ago.

Article3_w-identical2 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. CF: identical, same, equal & equivalent 这些词都可用作形容词，都可以表示 “ 相同的 ” 的意思。 Identical 意思是 “ 同样的 ” ，强调完全相同、完全一样，后面常接 to 或 with ，是正式用语。例如： The copy was identical with the original. 复印件和原件一模一样。意思是 “ 同一的、原来的、一样的 ” ，常跟在 the 、 this 、 that 、 these 、 those 等词后，强调没有变化或没有差异。例如： same My mother sits in the same chair every evening. 我母亲每天晚上都坐在同一张椅子上。

Article3_w-identical3 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. CF: identical, same, equal & equivalent equal 指在大小、数量、价值、程度、等级等方面是相同的、同等的、同样的。例如： Men and women should get the equal pay for equal work. 男女应该同工同酬。指意思、价值等对应的、相等的。例如： equivalent There are many exactly equivalent Chinese words to Japanese words. 汉语和日语有许多词汇在意思上完全一样。

Article3_w-identical4 Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell’s genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. CF: identical, same, equal & equivalent Put into each gap one of the above words. The two students are in height. He changed his pounds for the amount in dollars. Don’t make the mistake you made last time. This knife is to the one with which the suicide was committed. equal ____ identical ______ equivalent _______ same ____ 1. 2. 3. 4.

Article4_S decades from now, but someday, you could clone yourself and make tens, dozens, hundreds of genetically identical twins. Nor is it science fiction to think that your cells could be improved beforehand, genetically engineered to add some genes and remove others. Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps True, it was a sheep that was cloned, not a human being. But there was nothing exceptional about sheep.

Article4_S-p decades from now, but someday, you could clone yourself and make tens, dozens, hundreds of genetically identical twins. Nor is it science fiction to think that your cells could be improved beforehand, genetically engineered to add some genes and remove others. Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps True, it was a sheep that was cloned, not a human being. But there was nothing exceptional about sheep. Pay attention to the structure of “true…but…” The structure “True … but …” or “It is true … but …” can be used to admit that a fact or opinion is real or valid before indicating that you think that it is not important or relevant in the circumstances. For example: True, your term paper isn’t finished, but it is due. It is true teaching is a hard job, but I enjoy it.

Article4_w decades from now, but someday, you could clone yourself and make tens, dozens, hundreds of genetically identical twins. Nor is it science fiction to think that your cells could be improved beforehand, genetically engineered to add some genes and remove others. Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps True, it was a sheep that was cloned, not a human being. But there was nothing exceptional about sheep.

Article4_w-beforehand decades from now, but someday, you could clone yourself and make tens, dozens, hundreds of genetically identical twins. Nor is it science fiction to think that your cells could be improved beforehand, genetically engineered to add some genes and remove others. Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps True, it was a sheep that was cloned, not a human being. But there was nothing exceptional about sheep. beforehand: adv. in advance; earlier 我早知道他需要什么，所以我预先做了准备。 I knew what he would need, so I made preparations beforehand. I knew my friends were coming so I bought plenty of food beforehand.

Article5-S Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good?

Article5-w Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good?

Article5-w-oppose Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? We opposed the building of a new factory near the park. 我反对发展核武器。 oppose: v. express strong disapproval with the aim of preventing or changing a course of action; resist I opposed his dropping out of college for the sake of tuition. Pattern: be opposed to: be against as opposed to: in contrast with I’m opposed to the development of nuclear weapons. 你认为我们会失败，而我却深信我们定会成功。 As opposed to your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.

Article5-w-in principle Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? in principle: as far as basic principles are concerned They agreed to the project in principle, but there were some details they wanted to discuss 我们在原则上是一致的，但在细节上不一致。 We are agreed in principle but not in detail. NB: on principle: because of settled or fixed beliefs She drinks milk every morning on principle. 她照例每天早晨喝牛奶。 He refused on principle to avoid paying taxes. 他按照原则拒绝逃税。

Article5-w-offensive Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? offensive: adj. causing sb. to feel upset, insulted or annoyed We like her because she is always smiling and never offensive to others. The offensive words said by the famous star during the press conference made all the reporters and photographers angry.

Article5-w-compromise Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? compromise: 1. n. a settlement in which each side gives up some demands 两国终于达成了一项有关边界问题的和解方案。 The two countries finally reached a compromise on the border issues. A bad compromise is better than a good lawsuit. 吃亏的和解胜过打赢的诉讼。 2. v. settle an argument by taking a middle course acceptable to all sides I am prepared to make some concessions on minor details, but I cannot compromise in principle. Is the government willing to compromise with the workers over their pay demand? Pattern: compromise with sb. over sth. compromise on sth.

Article5-w-potential Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? potential: 1. n. the possibility of sth. happening or being developed Such a forceful person shows enormous potential for something great. The girl has potential for sports, but she needs training. 这样一个强有力的人物在做大事上显出巨大的潜力。 2. adj. that can, but has not yet, come into being; possible Every seed is a potential plant. This new kind of car has a massive potential market.

Article5-w-tolerate1 Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? tolerate: v. allow (sth.) that one does not like to happen or continue; put up with we will not tolerate any invasion of our motherland. I can’t tolerate your bad manners any longer. 我们决不容忍对祖国的任何侵犯。

Article5-w-tolerate2 Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? CF: tolerate, endure, bear & stand 这些词都可用作动词，都可表示 “ 忍受、忍耐 ” 的意思。 tolerate 表示宽容或容忍某人及其行为，语气较弱，所忍受的现象一般不会带来多大的痛苦。例如： The school can’t tolerate cheating in exam. 学校不会容忍考试作弊。 She tolerated his bad manner, hoping that he would behave better. 她容忍着他的不礼貌，希望他能变好。

Article5-w-tolerate3 Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? endure 表示长时间地忍受痛苦、不适，强调忍受的持久性。在疑问句和表示极不喜欢的否定句中，与 can 或 could 连用，表示忍受一些非常严重的事情。例如： The Chinese can endure much pain. 中国人能忍耐很多痛苦。 This kind of material can endure much heat. 这种材料能耐高温。 I can’t endure talking to racists. 和种族主义者交谈可真叫人受不了。

Article5-w-tolerate4 Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. “There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.” But, he added, “All of us would find that offensive.” We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? bear 是一般用语，含义较广，指对各种困难和痛苦的忍受。例如： He bore the pain with great courage. 他非常勇敢地忍受了痛苦。 I can’t bear the noise from the neighboring building. 我不能忍受从隔壁大楼传来的噪音。是口语用法，不能用于进行时态，表示经受得起或能忍受某种困境和考验，常用于否定和疑问句中。例如： stand Old people can’t stand cold weather. 老人们受不了寒冷的天气。 I don’t know how you can stand her. 我不知道你是如何能忍受她的。

Article6_S Cloning, with its possibilities for creating our own identical twins, brings us back to the ancient sins of vanity and pride; the sins of Narcissus, who so loved himself, and of Prometheus, who, in stealing fire, sought the powers of God. So before we can ask why we are so fascinated by cloning, we have to examine our souls and ask, What exactly so bothers many of us about trying to make an exact copy of our genetic selves? Or, if we are not bothered, why aren’t we? We want children who resemble us. Even couples who use donor eggs or donor sperm, search catalogs of donors to find people who resemble themselves.

Article6_S-p Cloning, with its possibilities for creating our own identical twins, brings us back to the ancient sins of vanity and pride; the sins of Narcissus, who so loved himself, and of Prometheus, who, in stealing fire, sought the powers of God. So before we can ask why we are so fascinated by cloning, we have to examine our souls and ask, What exactly so bothers many of us about trying to make an exact copy of our genetic selves? Or, if we are not bothered, why aren’t we? We want children who resemble us. Even couples who use donor eggs or donor sperm, search catalogs of donors to find people who resemble themselves. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 因此，我们在扪心自问为什么对克隆技术如此着迷之前，不得不首先审视自己的心灵，问一问：究竟是什么东西使得我们中的许多人对于尝试复制与自身基因完全等同的孪生兄弟那么不安 ?

Article7_S Several years ago, a poem by Linda Pastan, called “To a Daughter Leaving Home,” was displayed on the walls of New York subways. It read: Is it my own image I love so in your face? I lean over your sleep, Narcissus over his clear pool, ready to fall in— to drown for you if necessary.

Article8_S Yet if we so love ourselves, reflected in our children, why is it so terrifying to so many of us to think of seeing our exact genetic replicas born again, identical twins years younger than we? Is it one thing for nature to form us through a genetic lottery, and another for us to take complete control, abandoning all thoughts of somehow, through the mixing of genes, having a child who is like us, but better? Normally, when a man and a woman have a child together, the child is an unpredictable mixture of the two. We recognize that, of course, in the old joke in which a beautiful but dumb woman suggests to an ugly but brilliant man that the two have a child.

Article8_w Yet if we so love ourselves, reflected in our children, why is it so terrifying to so many of us to think of seeing our exact genetic replicas born again, identical twins years younger than we? Is it one thing for nature to form us through a genetic lottery, and another for us to take complete control, abandoning all thoughts of somehow, through the mixing of genes, having a child who is like us, but better? Normally, when a man and a woman have a child together, the child is an unpredictable mixture of the two. We recognize that, of course, in the old joke in which a beautiful but dumb woman suggests to an ugly but brilliant man that the two have a child.

Article8_w-terrifying Yet if we so love ourselves, reflected in our children, why is it so terrifying to so many of us to think of seeing our exact genetic replicas born again, identical twins years younger than we? Is it one thing for nature to form us through a genetic lottery, and another for us to take complete control, abandoning all thoughts of somehow, through the mixing of genes, having a child who is like us, but better? Normally, when a man and a woman have a child together, the child is an unpredictable mixture of the two. We recognize that, of course, in the old joke in which a beautiful but dumb woman suggests to an ugly but brilliant man that the two have a child. terrify: v. make (sb.) very frightened The little girl was terrified out of her wits. Low-flying aircraft terrified the wild animals. extremely frightening terrifying: Spending a night in jail was a terrifying experience.

Article9_S Just think of how wonderful the baby would be, the woman says, with my looks and your brains. Aha, says the man. But what if the child inherited my looks and your brains? Cloning brings us face-to-face with what it means to be human and makes us confront both the privileges and limitations of life itself. It also forces us to question the powers of science. Is there, in fact, knowledge that we do not want? Are there paths we would rather not pursue? The time is long past when we can speak of the purity of science, divorced from its consequences.

Article9_S-p1 Just think of how wonderful the baby would be, the woman says, with my looks and your brains. Aha, says the man. But what if the child inherited my looks and your brains? Cloning brings us face-to-face with what it means to be human and makes us confront both the privileges and limitations of life itself. It also forces us to question the powers of science. Is there, in fact, knowledge that we do not want? Are there paths we would rather not pursue? The time is long past when we can speak of the purity of science, divorced from its consequences. Pay attention to the structure of “what if”. The structure “what if” can be used to ask what should be done if a particular difficulty occurred or what would be consequence of something happening, esp. something undesirable. It equals “What would happen if…?” For example: What if terrorists were to capture a nuclear reactor? What if it were to explode?

Article9_S-p2 Just think of how wonderful the baby would be, the woman says, with my looks and your brains. Aha, says the man. But what if the child inherited my looks and your brains? Cloning brings us face-to-face with what it means to be human and makes us confront both the privileges and limitations of life itself. It also forces us to question the powers of science. Is there, in fact, knowledge that we do not want? Are there paths we would rather not pursue? The time is long past when we can speak of the purity of science, divorced from its consequences. What does “would rather” mean? “Would rather” means “would prefer to”. It is often used in the following structures: would rather (not) do would rather + that-clause (The simple past tense is used in the that-clause.) I would rather play tennis than swim. I would rather not tell you the truth because I found you couldn’t keep secret. I would rather she came to see me.

Article9_w Just think of how wonderful the baby would be, the woman says, with my looks and your brains. Aha, says the man. But what if the child inherited my looks and your brains? Cloning brings us face-to-face with what it means to be human and makes us confront both the privileges and limitations of life itself. It also forces us to question the powers of science. Is there, in fact, knowledge that we do not want? Are there paths we would rather not pursue? The time is long past when we can speak of the purity of science, divorced from its consequences.

Article9_w- inherit Just think of how wonderful the baby would be, the woman says, with my looks and your brains. Aha, says the man. But what if the child inherited my looks and your brains? Cloning brings us face-to-face with what it means to be human and makes us confront both the privileges and limitations of life itself. It also forces us to question the powers of science. Is there, in fact, knowledge that we do not want? Are there paths we would rather not pursue? The time is long past when we can speak of the purity of science, divorced from its consequences. inherit: v. 1) have features or qualities from an ancestor 他遗传了父亲的高大和母亲的善良。 He inherited his father’s tallness and his mother’s goodness. receive (money, property, etc. of an ancestor) 2) My wife inherited the house and a large sum of money from her parents. The new administration inherited the economic problems of the last four years.

Article10_s If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it.” After the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in a chilling speech delivered in 1947, he said: “The physicists have known sin; and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose.” Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, “When

Article10_s-p If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it.” After the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in a chilling speech delivered in 1947, he said: “The physicists have known sin; and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose.” Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, “When Pay attention to the structure of the sentence and translate it into Chinese. This is a long and complex sentence. When you translate such a sentence into Chinese, you sometimes should divide it into several ones. 1. 如果还有谁需要提醒，科学家的纯真早已丧失，他们只要回想一下 J 罗伯特奥本海默的话。奥本海默是一位天才，他是原子弹的缔造者之一。他在追求科学的过程中，从一个极其自信，随时准备跟着科学好奇心走的人，逐渐变成一个谦恭困惑的人，他不知道科学放出了什么妖魔。 2. What conclusion can you draw from the sentence? This sentence serves as exemplification. We can see how science can be a double-edged sword. Even such a great scientist was wondering what had happened to science or the society.

Article10_w If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it.” After the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in a chilling speech delivered in 1947, he said: “The physicists have known sin; and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose.” Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, “When

Article10_w- comment1 If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it.” After the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in a chilling speech delivered in 1947, he said: “The physicists have known sin; and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose.” Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, “When comment: 1 ． n. a written or spoken remark giving an opinion No comment! 无可奉告 ! The incident evoked some comments in the press. There is much comment about the plans for a new chemical plant. v. give an opinion about sb. or sth. (followed by on) 2. Everyone commented on her new car. The discovery is hardly commented by the mass media. Collocation ：征求意见 ask for comment 评论某事 make comments on/upon sth. 提意见 offer comments 不加评论 without comment

Article10_w- comment2 If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it.” After the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in a chilling speech delivered in 1947, he said: “The physicists have known sin; and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose.” Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, “When CF: comment, remark & note 这些词都可用作名词，都可以表示 “ 评论 ” 的意思。 The reporters asked the President if he would make a comment. 记者们问总统是否要发表评论。 He always reads carefully the comments the teacher writes on his composition. 指非正式的、随意的口头或书面的谈论和评论，它通常不是决定性的或经过考虑的意见。例如： remark a theme of general remark I will be pleased to have your remark on my new novel. comment 指对某事所作的批评、解说或解释。例如：他总是仔细阅读老师给他作文的评语。人们普遍议论的话题我将很高兴听到你关于我的新小说的意见。

Article10_w- comment3 If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it.” After the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in a chilling speech delivered in 1947, he said: “The physicists have known sin; and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose.” Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, “When You shouldn’t pass remarks about people in the hearing. 你们不应该在当事人能听到的地方议论他们。主要指的是书中的按语、评论和注释。例如： note See the notes. the editor’s notes 见注释。编者按语 A footnote is a note at the bottom of a page about something on the page. 脚注是列在书页下端关于该页某一问题的注释。

Article10_w － curiosity If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it.” After the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in a chilling speech delivered in 1947, he said: “The physicists have known sin; and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose.” Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, “When curiosity: n. a strong desire to know and learn (followed by about) Curiosity killed a cat. 好奇伤身。他抑制不住好奇心，拆开了别人写给他女儿的信。 He yielded to curiosity and opened the letter addressed to his daughter. Collocation ：引起某人对某物的好奇心 arouse sb.’s curiosity about sth. 激起某人的好奇心 excite/stimulate/provoke the curiosity of sb. 满足某人的好奇心 satisfy/feed/gratify sb.’s curiosity 表现出好奇心 show/display/manifest curiosity 出于好奇 from/out of/through curiosity 好奇地 in/with curiosity

Article10_w-let loose If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it.” After the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in a chilling speech delivered in 1947, he said: “The physicists have known sin; and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose.” Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, “When let loose: set free; release The children were let loose from the school. Don’t let that dog loose in the yard, as it will terrify the kids. Collocation ：挣脱，逃脱 break/get loose 松开 come loose 放纵，发泄 give (a) loose to ( 螺丝等 ) 松掉 work loose 无所事事 at loose ends 自由，放纵 on the loose

Article11_s As with the atom bomb, cloning is complex, multi-layered in its threats and its promises. It offers the possibility of real scientific advances that can improve our lives and save them. In medicine, scientists dream of using cloning to reprogram cells so we can make our own body parts for transplantation. Suppose, for example, you needed a bone marrow transplant. Some deadly forms of leukemia can be cured completely if doctors destroy your own marrow and replace it with healthy marrow from someone else. But the marrow must be a close genetic match to your own. If not, it will lash out at you and kill you. Bone marrow is the source of the white blood cells of the immune system. If you have someone else’s marrow, you’ll make their white blood cells. And if those cells think you are different from them, they will attack.

Article11_s-p As with the atom bomb, cloning is complex, multi-layered in its threats and its promises. It offers the possibility of real scientific advances that can improve our lives and save them. In medicine, scientists dream of using cloning to reprogram cells so we can make our own body parts for transplantation. Suppose, for example, you needed a bone marrow transplant. Some deadly forms of leukemia can be cured completely if doctors destroy your own marrow and replace it with healthy marrow from someone else. But the marrow must be a close genetic match to your own. If not, it will lash out at you and kill you. Bone marrow is the source of the white blood cells of the immune system. If you have someone else’s marrow, you’ll make their white blood cells. And if those cells think you are different from them, they will attack. Analyze the usage of “suppose”. Here “suppose”, also “supposing”, is used as a conjunctive, with the meaning “(what would happen) if … 假使 …… ( 结果会怎么样 ) ”. For example: 假如我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车。 Supposing I had more money, I could buy a car. 要是一只熊从笼子里走出来呢？ Suppose a bear should come out of the cage? 假使他缺席，我们怎么办？ Suppose he is absent, what shall we do? Note: The that-clause following “suppose/supposing” can be in the indicative or subjunctive mood.

Article11_w As with the atom bomb, cloning is complex, multi-layered in its threats and its promises. It offers the possibility of real scientific advances that can improve our lives and save them. In medicine, scientists dream of using cloning to reprogram cells so we can make our own body parts for transplantation. Suppose, for example, you needed a bone marrow transplant. Some deadly forms of leukemia can be cured completely if doctors destroy your own marrow and replace it with healthy marrow from someone else. But the marrow must be a close genetic match to your own. If not, it will lash out at you and kill you. Bone marrow is the source of the white blood cells of the immune system. If you have someone else’s marrow, you’ll make their white blood cells. And if those cells think you are different from them, they will attack.

Article11_w-transplant As with the atom bomb, cloning is complex, multi-layered in its threats and its promises. It offers the possibility of real scientific advances that can improve our lives and save them. In medicine, scientists dream of using cloning to reprogram cells so we can make our own body parts for transplantation. Suppose, for example, you needed a bone marrow transplant. Some deadly forms of leukemia can be cured completely if doctors destroy your own marrow and replace it with healthy marrow from someone else. But the marrow must be a close genetic match to your own. If not, it will lash out at you and kill you. Bone marrow is the source of the white blood cells of the immune system. If you have someone else’s marrow, you’ll make their white blood cells. And if those cells think you are different from them, they will attack. transplant: 1.v. remove tissue or an organ from one person or animal and put it into another To repair injuries such as burns, skin is sometimes transplanted from one area of the body to another. Doctors want to transplant a human kidney into the patient tomorrow. 医生们想在明天把一颗人的肾脏移植到病人体内。 n. the operation of transplanting tissue or an organ 2. She has undergone the lung transplant but her body rejected it. This surgeon has performed several heart transplants.

Article11_w-lash out at As with the atom bomb, cloning is complex, multi-layered in its threats and its promises. It offers the possibility of real scientific advances that can improve our lives and save them. In medicine, scientists dream of using cloning to reprogram cells so we can make our own body parts for transplantation. Suppose, for example, you needed a bone marrow transplant. Some deadly forms of leukemia can be cured completely if doctors destroy your own marrow and replace it with healthy marrow from someone else. But the marrow must be a close genetic match to your own. If not, it will lash out at you and kill you. Bone marrow is the source of the white blood cells of the immune system. If you have someone else’s marrow, you’ll make their white blood cells. And if those cells think you are different from them, they will attack. lash out at: make a sudden violent attack at with blows or words He didn’t know how to fight, but he just lashed out at the hooligans. It seemed that he was going to lash out at the lady, but he controlled himself. The famous star lashed out at her critics during the interview. 这位明星在采访过程中对她的批评者们进行严厉攻击。

Article11_w-immune1 As with the atom bomb, cloning is complex, multi-layered in its threats and its promises. It offers the possibility of real scientific advances that can improve our lives and save them. In medicine, scientists dream of using cloning to reprogram cells so we can make our own body parts for transplantation. Suppose, for example, you needed a bone marrow transplant. Some deadly forms of leukemia can be cured completely if doctors destroy your own marrow and replace it with healthy marrow from someone else. But the marrow must be a close genetic match to your own. If not, it will lash out at you and kill you. Bone marrow is the source of the white blood cells of the immune system. If you have someone else’s marrow, you’ll make their white blood cells. And if those cells think you are different from them, they will attack. immune: adj. 1) protected against through the body’s natural resistance (followed by to ) The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and then destroy bacteria and viruses. My father seems to be immune to cough -- he just never gets them. not affected by sth. (followed by to) 2) 不容申辩 be immune to all pleas 不受干扰的 be immune to interference Her self-confidence made her immune to criticism. 她的自信使她不受批评的影响。 Football is not immune to economic recession.

Article11_w-immune2 As with the atom bomb, cloning is complex, multi-layered in its threats and its promises. It offers the possibility of real scientific advances that can improve our lives and save them. In medicine, scientists dream of using cloning to reprogram cells so we can make our own body parts for transplantation. Suppose, for example, you needed a bone marrow transplant. Some deadly forms of leukemia can be cured completely if doctors destroy your own marrow and replace it with healthy marrow from someone else. But the marrow must be a close genetic match to your own. If not, it will lash out at you and kill you. Bone marrow is the source of the white blood cells of the immune system. If you have someone else’s marrow, you’ll make their white blood cells. And if those cells think you are different from them, they will attack. 3) not subject to an obligation imposed on others; exempt (followed by from) 免于刑事诉讼 be immune from criminal prosecution 免税 be immune from taxation The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police. His prestige made him immune from criticism. 他的威望使他免受批评。

Article12_s But suppose, instead, that scientists could take one of your cells -- any cell -- and merge it with a human egg. The egg would start to divide, to develop, but it would not be permitted to divide more than a few times. Instead, technicians would bathe it in proteins that direct primitive cells, embryo cells, to become marrow cells. What started out to be a clone of you could grow into a batch of your marrow -- the perfect match. More difficult, but not inconceivable, would be to grow solid organs, like kidneys or livers, in the same way.

Article12_w But suppose, instead, that scientists could take one of your cells -- any cell -- and merge it with a human egg. The egg would start to divide, to develop, but it would not be permitted to divide more than a few times. Instead, technicians would bathe it in proteins that direct primitive cells, embryo cells, to become marrow cells. What started out to be a clone of you could grow into a batch of your marrow -- the perfect match. More difficult, but not inconceivable, would be to grow solid organs, like kidneys or livers, in the same way.

Article12_w － merge But suppose, instead, that scientists could take one of your cells -- any cell -- and merge it with a human egg. The egg would start to divide, to develop, but it would not be permitted to divide more than a few times. Instead, technicians would bathe it in proteins that direct primitive cells, embryo cells, to become marrow cells. What started out to be a clone of you could grow into a batch of your marrow -- the perfect match. More difficult, but not inconceivable, would be to grow solid organs, like kidneys or livers, in the same way. merge: v. (cause to ) combine The directors decided to merge the two small firms into a single whole. In the story he merged his mind with the robot’s and shared its thoughts.

Article12_w － primitive But suppose, instead, that scientists could take one of your cells -- any cell -- and merge it with a human egg. The egg would start to divide, to develop, but it would not be permitted to divide more than a few times. Instead, technicians would bathe it in proteins that direct primitive cells, embryo cells, to become marrow cells. What started out to be a clone of you could grow into a batch of your marrow -- the perfect match. More difficult, but not inconceivable, would be to grow solid organs, like kidneys or livers, in the same way. primitive: adj. of or at an early stage of development 原始人用尖石块和动物的骨头制造工具。 Primitive man made tools from sharp stones and animal bones. The natives of that region still live in primitive straw huts.

Article12_w － start out 1 But suppose, instead, that scientists could take one of your cells -- any cell -- and merge it with a human egg. The egg would start to divide, to develop, but it would not be permitted to divide more than a few times. Instead, technicians would bathe it in proteins that direct primitive cells, embryo cells, to become marrow cells. What started out to be a clone of you could grow into a batch of your marrow -- the perfect match. More difficult, but not inconceivable, would be to grow solid organs, like kidneys or livers, in the same way. start out : 1) intend when starting; begin He started out applying for a position in the personnel department; but eventually he became a member of the sales department. Jack didn’t start out to apply for Cambridge University -- it just happened that way.

Article12_w － start out 2 But suppose, instead, that scientists could take one of your cells -- any cell -- and merge it with a human egg. The egg would start to divide, to develop, but it would not be permitted to divide more than a few times. Instead, technicians would bathe it in proteins that direct primitive cells, embryo cells, to become marrow cells. What started out to be a clone of you could grow into a batch of your marrow -- the perfect match. More difficult, but not inconceivable, would be to grow solid organs, like kidneys or livers, in the same way. 2) begin Lu Xun started out studying medicine, but later on he became famous as an essay writer. She started out as a teacher and only began writing in his thirties. Collocation ：首先，第一 to start with (= for a start) 着手做 start in 从头开始，重新做起 start (all) over (again) 开始，出发 start off

Article12_w － grow into But suppose, instead, that scientists could take one of your cells -- any cell -- and merge it with a human egg. The egg would start to divide, to develop, but it would not be permitted to divide more than a few times. Instead, technicians would bathe it in proteins that direct primitive cells, embryo cells, to become marrow cells. What started out to be a clone of you could grow into a batch of your marrow -- the perfect match. More difficult, but not inconceivable, would be to grow solid organs, like kidneys or livers, in the same way. grow into: become gradually as time passes With the construction of the railway, the village is growing into a town. She is growing into a beautiful young woman. Collocation ：日渐疏远 grow away from 逐渐变得，显得 grow on/upon 长大了穿不上 ( 衣服等 ) grow out of 长大，长成 grow up

Article13_S Another possibility is to create animals whose organs are perfect genetic matches for humans. If you need a liver, a kidney, or even a heart, you might be able to get one from a specially designed pig clone. The possibilities are limitless, scientists say, and so, some argue, we should stop focusing on our hypothetical fears and think about the benefits that cloning could bring.

Article13_S-p Another possibility is to create animals whose organs are perfect genetic matches for humans. If you need a liver, a kidney, or even a heart, you might be able to get one from a specially designed pig clone. The possibilities are limitless, scientists say, and so, some argue, we should stop focusing on our hypothetical fears and think about the benefits that cloning could bring. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 科学家称克隆技术蕴藏着无穷的可能性，因此，有人争辩说，我们不应该喋喋不休地谈论种种假设的恐惧，而去想一想克隆技术能够带来的裨益。 1. Can you judge the author’s attitude from the sentence? We can infer that cloning is a two-edged sword and if it is used in a proper way, it can benefit us a lot.

AR After Reading 1. Useful Expressions 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Group Work 4. Writing Practice -- Persuasive Essays 5. Talk about the Pictures 6. Proverbs and Quotations

AR （ Useful 1 ） Useful Expressions 1. 员工 staff members 2. 接生 3. 引人注目 4. 一模一样的孪生儿 5. 提出 …… 的可能性 attend the birth stand out the identical twin raise … as a possibility 6. …… 没有任何独特之处 nothing exceptional about … 7. 明确表示 …… make it clear that … 8. 追求 in one’s quest to

AR （ Useful 2 ） Useful Expressions 9. 有史以来 since the down of recorded time 10. 邪恶的隐患 11. 那咯索斯式的自恋罪 12. 审视自己的心灵 13. 基因的任意组合 potential for evil the sins of Narcissus examine one’s own soul a genetic lottery 14. …… 是一回事， …… 又是另一回事 … is one thing and … is another 15. 随意的念头 thoughts of somehow

AR （ Useful 3 ） Useful Expressions 16. 直接面对 face-to-face with 17. 谦恭困惑的人 18. 发表演说 19. 免疫系统 20. 完美相配 a humbled and troubled soul deliver a speech the immune system a perfect match

AR （ Spot Dictation ） 1.Spot Dictation Listening Comprehension That scientists have cloned a sheep sends and the public into a panic at the prospect that might be next. That’s an understandable. Cloning is a radical to the most fundamental laws of so it’s not unreasonable to be concerned that it might threaten human society and. Yet much of the opposition seems also to grow out of an unthinking disgust. And that makes it hard for even scientists and ethicists to see the matter clearly. While human cloning might not offer great to humanity, no one has yet made a persuasive that it would do any real harm, either. case ____ academics _________ humans _______ reaction _______ challenge ________ biology ______, 2. Translate the above paragraph into Chinese. dignity _____ ethical ______ trained ______ benefits _______ ■

AR （ sp2 ） Spot Dictation 科学家已经克隆了一只绵羊，这使得学术界和公众陷入恐慌，担心人类就是下一个目标。这种反应是可以理解的。克隆是对生物学最基础规则的严重挑战，因此担心它可能会威胁到人类社会和人类尊严并非全无道理。但是，基于道德立场的反对似乎总是源于不假思索的憎恶之情，这使得即使是那些受过专业训练的科学家和伦理学家也很难看清事情的真面目。虽然人类克隆也许对全人类并没有太大的好处，但是至今为止还没有人能够令人信服地证明它会带来任何实实在在的危害。

AR （ GW1 ） Group Work Step One A Survey: Do You Want to Be Cloned ？ Go around the classroom and interview at least 8 classmates to find out if they would like to be cloned and why. Step Two Form Groups According to the results of the survey, form two groups. Group A thinks that human cloning will be of benefit to the human race and should be allowed and Group B argues that human cloning can be dangerous to human kind and must be banned.

AR （ GW2 ） Step Three Group Debate Before you start the debate, you should prepare your arguments and supporting ideas according to what you’ve learned in the text and the Out-of-class Research Project in Before Reading. Group Work

AR （ WP1 ） Writing Practice -- Persuasive Essays Useful Sentence Patterns in Writing Persuasive Essays 1. 2. Homework

AR （ WP2 ） Useful Sentence Patterns in Writing Persuasive Essays * We must recognize that … * There is no doubt that … * It goes without saying that … * According to a recent survey/study/report/research, … * It is commonly believed/argued that … * There may be true but we still have a problem with regard to … * It is true that … but … * It is not what you say, but what you have done that really * While it is true that…, it doesn’t mean that … * Admittedly, … but this is not to say that … * There is an element of truth that …, but it doesn’t follow that … counts.

AR （ H1 ）克隆一词出现的背景。人们对待克隆的态度有所不同。我们应如何使用克隆技术。 Model Homework Based on the above Group Debate, write a composition entitled on cloning. The Chinese outline of each paragraph has been given to you.

AR （ H2 ） Model

AR （ TP ） Talk about the Pictures

AR （ TP1 ） Talk about the Pictures

Proverbs 1 Proverbs and Quotations 1. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 2. Time will show. 3. All things fit not all persons. 任何事情都难合众人之意。日久自明。

Proverbs 2 Proverbs and Quotations That is the essence of science: ask an impertinent question, and you are on the way to the pertinent answer. 5. 科学的本质是：提出一个不恰当的问题，于是你便走上了通往恰当答案的道路。 4. Scientific knowledge aims at being wholly impersonal. 科学知识要求完全不受个人感情影响。

Proverbs 3 Proverbs and Quotations I know only that what is moral is what you feel good after and what is immoral is what you feel bad after. -- U.S. writer, Ernest Hemingway 6. 我只知道所谓道德是指你事后觉得好的东西，所谓不道德是你事后觉得不好的东西。 — 美国作家 E. 海明威 The way to win an atomic war is to make certain it never stars. -- American General, Bradley Omar 7. 赢得核战争的方法是确保它永远不会发生。 — 美国上将 B. 奥马尔

BR 1. Out-of-class Research Project 2. Listen and Answer 3. Background Information Clone Before Reading Genetic Engineering Narcissus Prometheus Julius.

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BR 1. Out-of-class Research Project 2. Listen and Answer 3. Background Information Clone Before Reading Genetic Engineering Narcissus Prometheus Julius.

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Presentation on theme: "BR 1. Out-of-class Research Project 2. Listen and Answer 3. Background Information Clone Before Reading Genetic Engineering Narcissus Prometheus Julius."— Presentation transcript:

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