1. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run © 2009 Elgqvist

2. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run This is the sun. It is really hot and has a lot of energy. You can see the energy – the sun is bright, and you can feel the energy – the sun is hot. But does it make you full when you are hungry?

3. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run this a piece of energy, the sun makes lots of them

4. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run Some of the energy is transferred into leaves of plants.

5. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run When the leaf gets energy from the sun, its cells “capture” the energy and “trap” it into the form of a sugar called glucose.

6. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run The leaf cells need water and carbon dioxide to help them trap the sun’s energy. Lucky for us, the waste product is oxygen.

7. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run The plants uses some of this “trapped” energy right away to power its life processes. And the plant stores some of this glucose to use later (maybe when the sun is not shining?) The plant also converts some of its glucose into more complex sugars for cell walls and other plant parts.

8. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run  This process of capturing the sun’s energy and converting it to glucose sugars is called…  PHOTOSYNTHESIS  photosynthesis happens in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

9. Check your Knowledge 1.What is photosynthesis? 2.What does photosynthesis need? 3.What is the main product of photosynthesis? 4.What does photosynthesis produce as waste? 5.In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?

10. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run This is Bob. Bob loves to eat salad.

11. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run The salad is filled with energy from the sun.

12. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run The energy from the sun that is in the salad that Bob eats travels through his digestive system… …and into Bob’s blood stream…

13. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run … and diffuses into the cells in Bob’s muscles

14. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run  Now Bob’s muscle cells have to find a way to release the trapped sun energy, so they can use the energy to power Bob. Bob’s muscle cell

15. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run So they send the glucose to the cell’s mitochondria – the powerhouse of the cell. Bob’s muscle cell Mitochondria in Bob’s muscle cell

16. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run  The mitochondria break down the glucose molecule to release the trapped sun’s energy, to give power to Bob’s cell. Bob’s muscle cell Mitochondria in Bob’s muscle cell

17. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run  The mitochondria needs oxygen to help it release this energy  And the waste products are carbon dioxide and water Bob’s muscle cell Mitochondria in Bob’s muscle cell

18. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run See Bob run….. On energy from the sun

19. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run TTTThis process of releasing energy from glucose is called …. ………….wait for it…. CCCCELLULAR RESPIRATION

20. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run  We call this released energy ATP. It’s actually the name of a molecule, called…  …are you ready for this?...  …Adenosine TriPhosphate

21. Check your Knowledge 1.What is CELLULAR RESPIRATION? 2.What is the main point of cellular respiration? 3.What does cellular respiration need? 4.What does cellular respiration give off as waste? 5.What organelle does cellular respiration happen in? 6.What is the energy molecule created during cellular respiration called?

22. How energy from the sun gives you energy to run  Classwork/homework (if you don’t finish)  Draw a flow chart, concept map, or diagram to illustrate what you learned about photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

23. Chemical Symbols  We write carbon dioxide as CO 2, because it has one carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms.  We write oxygen as O 2, because there are two oxygen atoms bonded together to make the one oxygen molecule.  We write water as ________ because…

24. Chemical Symbols  We write glucose, the sugar molecule produced by photosynthesis, as  C 6 H 12 O 6  How many carbon atoms in glucose? 6666  How many hydrogen atoms?  12  How many oxygen atoms? 6666

25. Chemical Equations  Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both processes. Processes can be shown with arrows, because one thing leads to the next.  Chemical equations show chemical processes  So arrows are used in between what goes into the process and what comes out.  Reactants products

26. Chemical Processes  What are the reactants of photosynthesis? In other words, what do plants need for photosynthesis?  Light energy, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water(H 2 O)  What are the products of photosynthesis? In other words, what comes out after the plant takes the water and carbon dioxide and light energy and “does” photosynthesis?  Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and oxygen (O 2 )

27. Chemical Equations  Show photosynthesis as a process:  Light energy + Water + Carbon dioxide glucose + oxygen  Or, this can be written as:  Light energy + H 2 O + CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2

28. Chemical Equations  Now, using your notes about what the reactants and products of cellular respiration are, write the chemical equation for cellular respiration.  glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + adenosine triphosphate  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 H 2 O + CO 2 + ATP

29. Comparing the processes  Write the photosynthesis equation just below the equation for cellular respiration  What do you notice about the products and reactants of the two processes?  The products of one are the same as the reactants of the other!  The only thing that changes is the form of energy:  From ________ to _______ (stored) to___ (a form of energy that is useable by cells)  Light energy, glucose, ATP

30. Cycling Matter  Look at the equations. Which elements cycle?  Oxygen, carbon and hydrogen  Does energy cycle?  No – it comes in as sun energy (heat, light) and is used by cells for life processes. Leaves body as heat.

31. Balancing equations  Matter can neither be created nor destroyed  Is there the same number of oxygen atoms on the left as the right side of equation?  Light energy + H 2 O + CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  1 + 2 ≠ 6 + 2  To make everything balance:  Light energy + 6 H 2 O + 6CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  Oxygens: 6 + 12 = 6 + 12  Carbons: 0 + 6 = 6 + 0  Hydrogens: 12 + 0 = 12 + 0

32. Photosynthesis details  How does the carbon dioxide get into the leaf cells and the oxygen get out?  Stomata – little holes in the bottom of the leaf that allow gas exchange

33. What “stomata” with you?  Stomata are actually special cells that can open and close (slowly)  When would you expect stomata to be open? At night or daytime?  Day. Why?  At night, the plant can’t do photosynthesis, so it doesn’t need extra CO 2 or need to expel oxygen  Also, the plant conserves water (which also evaporates through stomata) by closing the stomata at night

34. Photosynthesis Details  Before we can discuss photosynthesis, we have to get to know the chloroplast better Chloroplasts in elodea (water plant) cells, as viewed under the microscope

35. Chloroplast Outer membrane Inner membrane thylakoids Stroma grana

36. Photosynthesis – Phase 1 Photosynthesis is actually a two step process. The first step is to capture the light energy to use to power the second step Pigments, called chlorophyll, capture the light. Water molecules are broken down into oxygen (which is released as waste) and hydrogen ions (which are used). This happens in the thylakoids of the chloroplast This is the light dependent reaction. Can you tell why?

37. Check your Knowledge 1.How does the carbon dioxide get into the leaf and the oxygen get out? 2.How many steps does photosynthesis have? 3.What is the first phase called? 4.What does the first phase use? 5.What does the first phase produce? 6.In what part of the chloroplast does the first phase occur?

38. Photosynthesis – Phase 2  The second step of photosynthesis is called the Calvin Cycle  uses the energy produced in step 1 and CO 2 to produce glucose  Since this step doesn’t use light, it is also called the light independent phase  Happens in the stroma of the chloroplast

39. Check your Knowledge 1.What is the second phase called? 2.What does the second phase use? 3.What does the second phase produce? 4.In what part of the chloroplast does the second phase occur?

40. Homework/classwork  Create a diagram or schematic or flow chart or concept diagram to show the steps of photosynthesis

41. Photosynthesis

42. Cellular Respiration  Produces energy for cell  Happens in…  Mitochondria  3 step process

43. Cellular Respiration  3 step process Step # & nameHappens inproducesnotes

44. Cellular Respiration  3 step process Step # & nameHappens inproducesnotes Step 1 glycolysis Cytoplasm of cell2 pyruvate (1/2 glucose) molecules + 2 ATP’s + Electrons for ETC Anaerobic – uses no oxygen Glucose is broken in two and the pieces go to the mitochondria

45. Cellular Respiration  3 step process Step # & nameHappens inproducesnotes Step 1 glycolysis Cytoplasm of cell2 pyruvate (1/2 glucose) molecules + 2 ATP’s + Electrons for ETC Anaerobic – uses no oxygen Glucose is broken in two and the pieces go to the mitochondria Step 2 Kreb Cycle Inside inner membrane of mitochondria 2 ATP’s + CO 2 as waste + Electrons for ETC

46. Cellular Respiration  3 step process Step # & nameHappens inproducesnotes Step 1 glycolysis Cytoplasm of cell2 pyruvate (1/2 glucose) molecules + 2 ATP’s + Electrons for ETC Anaerobic – uses no oxygen Glucose is broken in two and the pieces go to the mitochondria Step 2 Kreb Cycle Inside inner membrane of mitochondria 2 ATP’s + CO 2 as waste + Electrons for ETC Step 3 Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Along mitochondrial membrane 34 ATP’s!!!

47. Cellular Respiration  What was the point again?  Cellular respiration produces ENERGY (ATP’s) for the cell