1. Week 7 Caleb Humphreys

2. Free Write (10 minutes)  Create a basic outline for your rhetorical analysis. Include your thesis statement and important points that you want to make for each paragraph.

3. Quiz (5 minutes)  On the same page as your free write. 1. Summarize what this week’s readings were about.

4. Housekeeping  The information in italics before the article was not written by the author. This is background information. As such, do not use this information in your analysis.  Again, there are student examples of the Brief Assignments in the back of the book.  Questions so far?

5. Toulmin Method (from Purdue Owl)  Claim: The overall thesis the writer will argue for.  Data: Evidence gathered to support the claim.  Warrant (also referred to as a bridge): Explanation of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumption that connects your data to your claim.  Including a well-thought-out warrant or bridge is essential to writing a good argumentative essay or paper. If you present data to your audience without explaining how it supports your thesis your readers may not make a connection between the two or they may draw different conclusions.

6. Claim  The assertion that the argument will back up. - There are two parts: a topic and an assertion. - A persuasive essay contains a large claim (the thesis) which usually contains several smaller claims.

7. Evidence  Data or evidence that is used to support the claim.  In this case, mostly quotations from the text.

8. Warrant  The glue that holds an argument together. It connects the evidence to the claim. It says something like “This evidence supports the claim because…”

9. Toulmin’s Method  This is a good method to follow whenever you are about to discuss an important piece of evidence. 1. Establish the context and purpose of the evidence. 2. Present the evidence. 3. Show how the evidence fits into the argument.

10. Using Evidence Quote: When you want to emphasize a point about the wording that the author chose to use. When you can’t say something better than the author did. Paraphrase: When the exact wording isn’t important. You can usually summarize here as well. 10

11. Effective Use of Quotations  Most of your quotations should focus on the rhetoric.  The evidence needs to relate back to the thesis/claim.  The evidence should be analyzed in relation to the audience.

12. Tips  Don’t start a paragraph with a quote.  Don’t end a paragraph with a quote.  Avoid using block quotes in this essay.  Do quote sparingly. Keep quotes to 1-2 sentences or less.

13. Floating Quotes  Quotes can’t stand alone.  You can’t have a sentence that just consists of a quote. You need to introduce the quote in some way, usually with a signal phrase, and then cite.  You should never have a quotation standing alone as a complete sentence, or, worse yet, as an incomplete sentence, in your writing.

14. Example Hamlet denies Rosencrantz’s claim that thwarted ambition caused his depression. “I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space” (Hamlet 2.2).  Standing by itself, the quote’s connection to the preceding sentence is unclear. What are some ways to better integrate this quote?

15. Signal Words and Author Tags  Author tags – Steele says, Emerson believes, etc.  Signal Words - Acknowledges, Confirms, Describes, Explains, Informs, Points out, Reflects, etc.  http://www.plattsburgh.edu/files/2/files/Si gnal%20Phrases.pdf http://www.plattsburgh.edu/files/2/files/Si gnal%20Phrases.pdf

16. What are citations?  Citations allow your readers to go see others’ ideas in context when you use them. There are two parts to make this work. 1. The parenthetical citation tags the idea in your writing. This tells your readers where the idea came from, both in terms of source and location within that source. 2. The full citation in the list of works that you are citing from (works cited) tells your readers exactly what the source is. It gives them all of the information that they need to locate the source that you are using. 16

17. Citations in MLA  Citations must be part of the sentence that contains what they are citing.  The author says “quote” (Surname #).  There is no comma or ‘p.’ in current MLA formatting.  If there is no citation, end punctuation goes inside the quotation marks (such as if you’re using a title rather than an actual quotation). If there is a citation, end punctuation goes after it. 17

18. Group Work  In groups of 3-4, pick a short article in the newspaper and analyze it.  Are the quotes integrated well?  What types of evidence does the writer use?  Does the evidence support the purpose of the article?

19. Brief Assignment 5  Objective: To identify and evaluate quotations for use in your analysis essay.  Purpose: Quotations pose several challenges for writers. The purpose of this assignment is for you to select quotations from sources you plan to use in your analysis essay, evaluate their usefulness, and discuss how and where you might use these in your upcoming draft.

20. BA 5 (continued)  Description: Begin by writing your working thesis at the top of your assignment. Then, select a minimum of five quotations from the article that you plan to incorporate into your draft as examples of particular rhetorical devices. Write a brief assessment of why each quotation would be useful to you in composing your draft. Your assessment of each quotation should include your answers to the following questions:  Where will this quotation fit in your organization?  How does it demonstrate the points you are trying to make about the author's writing?  Your analysis, not counting the quotations, should be 500-650 words.

21. Groups of 2-3  Get in groups based on what article you are working with. Discuss what rhetorical choices the author uses and what evidence in the text supports your claims.