1. 16 October 2009 © http://sameritech.files.wordpress.com/ Governance in a Time of Uncertainty: Arctic Pathways Elizabeth A. Kirk

2. 16 October 2009 © http://sameritech.files.wordpress.com/ Changing Environment Opportunities Threats Understanding & Uncertainty

3. 16 October 2009 © http://sameritech.files.wordpress.com/ Boundaries, Gaps and Overlaps State Jurisdiction Global Governance Regional Governance –Binding Obligations –Soft Law

4. 16 October 2009 © http://sameritech.files.wordpress.com/ (UN Convention on the) Law of the Sea –FAO Compliance Agreement, –FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Arctic Council IMO –MARPOL –SOLAS –Arctic Shipping Guidelines IWC NAMMCO NAFO North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Biodiversity Convention OSPAR ESPOO Convention Loophole Agreement Donut Hole Agreement Various bilateral agreements

5. 16 October 2009 © http://sameritech.files.wordpress.com/ Capacity Responsive Governance Capacity –Capacity to receive new information Different voices Capacity to respond to scientific understanding –Capacity to address gaps –Dominant paradigms –Role of advocacy coalitions

6. 16 October 2009 © http://sameritech.files.wordpress.com/ Arctic Council Members Canada Denmark / Greenland / Faroe Islands Finland Iceland Norway Sweden The Russian Federation United States of America Observers include International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IUCN – The World Conservation Union North Atlantic Marine Mammal CommissionNorth Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission Nordic Council of Ministers Nordic Environment Finance Corporation Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic RegionStanding Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Development Programme UNEP-GRID/Arendal Non-arctic states ACOPS Arctic Circumpolar Gateway AWRH Circumpolar Conservation Union International Arctic Science Committee IASSA International Union for Circumpolar Health International Work Group for Indigenous AffairsInternational Work Group for Indigenous Affairs Northern Forum University of the Arctic WWF Permanent Participants Aleut International Association (AIA) Arctic Athabaskan Council Gwich’in Council International ICC Raipon The Saami Council

7. 16 October 2009 © http://sameritech.files.wordpress.com/ The Arctic Model Governance Networks Forum Shopping

8. 16 October 2009 © http://sameritech.files.wordpress.com/ Thank you With thanks to Caledonian Research Fund Royal Society of Edinburgh Arctic Centre, University of Lapland