1. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Overview of post-consenting requirements of MRE deployments across Europe Anne Marie O’Hagan and Teresa Simas Workshop 1 – 20 th April 2015 Marine Renewables and Environmental Risks – Current practices in pre and post consent monitoring

2. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Overview of MRE consenting: definitions Information needed to proceed with the licensing process and decide whether an EIA is required and what information will be needed Level of environmental baseline information and project description Conditions that are usually attached to the consent and which must be adhered to following deployment and up to decommissioning Level and characteristics of environmental monitoring and mitigation measures implementation Pre-consenting requirementsPost-consenting requirements

3. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Post consent monitoring of MRE deployments Generally apply to all proposals Standard conditions Apply to that individual project in a specific location Specific conditions Mitigation measures Monitoring requirements (all project phases) Monitoring and environmental management plan Monitoring activities (monitoring plan execution) required as a result of EIA/AA findings Reporting Specific health and safety conditions Navigational lighting Contingency plans Decommissioning plan

4. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Post consent monitoring: licence specific conditions Project specific Site specific Note: lessons learned and requirements from / for one device in one location may not be wholly scalable to arrays / farms etc. Monitoring conditions Project specific monitoring conditions should be set carefully: They should not be used as a way of gathering marine data They should not be used as a way of shortcutting the consent process They should be set considering: Existence of adverse effect (based on the scientific data available) There is scientific uncertainty

5. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Examples of post-consent monitoring Tidal energy: the SeaGen project Site selection and criteria Significant tidal resource Easy access Good grid connection However, site within an European Marine site hosting protected species Strangford Lough Narrows, Northern Ireland

6. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Tidal energy: the SeaGen project, Northern Ireland EIA results Uncertainty regarding impacts on key marine species and features within the Strangford Lough Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Does the project significantly affect the extent, quality or composition of seabed communities? Common seals Phoca vitulina Are the patterns of usage by seals of the Narrows altered by the turbine installation and operation? Are seals being struck by the turbine rotors? Reefs (rocky and biogenic) Examples of post-consent monitoring

7. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Tidal energy: the SeaGen project FEPA licence conditions Licence restrictions MMO on the pile Daylight operation Active sonar Adaptive management Environmental monitoring and mitigation results periodically reviewed to evaluate restrictions and improve them Examples of post-consent monitoring

8. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Wave energy: the WaveRoller project, Portugal Site selection and criteria Significant resource Easy access Good grid connection However, site nearby an European Marine site hosting protected species Peniche, Portugal Examples of post-consent monitoring

9. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Wave energy: the WaveRoller project EIA results Uncertainty regarding impacts on seabed communities and marine mammals Are marine mammals distribution affected by the presence of the device? Biogenic reefs of Sabellaria alveolata Does the project affect the extent, quality or composition of seabed communities? Marine mammal distribution CCDR-LVT licence conditions Monitoring seabed communities and bio-fouling of device Monitoring of marine mammals Examples of post-consent monitoring

10. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Examples of post consenting requirements of MRE Offshore wind: Fife Energy Park Offshore Wind Turbine Offshore Demonstrator, Scotland Site selection and criteria Existing infrastructure Easy access to the turbine Required marine conditions to test the turbine Site not in a particularly sensitive location Construct, deploy and test a 7 MW turbine during 5 years

11. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Offshore wind: Fife Energy Park Offshore Wind Turbine Offshore Demonstrator MS licence conditions Examples of post-consent monitoring To ensure that appropriate and effective monitoring of the impacts is undertaken A monitoring plan should be submitted to and approved by the Scottish Ministers annually The monitoring plan must be a living document to be reviewed and updated by the Company Monitoring details not prescribed but a monitoring program required Low level of monitoring since the site: Is representative of the offshore wind environment (more turbines to be installed) Not considered sensitive (difficult to detect any impact) Shore-based observations of seabirds have been undertaken Source: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Licensing/marine/scopinghttp://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Licensing/marine/scoping

12. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Examples of post consenting requirements of MRE Offshore wind: Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands Site selection and criteria Site identified through SEA and selected in a spatial planning decision Park development supported by the Dutch Government to gain knowledge and experience on the construction and exploitation of big wind farms as regards: Technology and economy Effects on the marine environment and on other users (public opinion; socio- economic effects) Source: http://www.noordzeewind.nl/en/knowledge/reportsdata/http://www.noordzeewind.nl/en/knowledge/reportsdata/ 36 turbines with an installed capacity of 108 MW; 17-21m depth 10-18 km from coast Commissioning: 1 st January 2007

13. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Examples of post consenting requirements of MRE Offshore wind: Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands Source: http://www.noordzeewind.nl/en/knowledge/reportsdata/http://www.noordzeewind.nl/en/knowledge/reportsdata/ Monitoring requirements The developer (NoordzeeWind) needs to carry out an environmental monitoring and evaluation program The Government designated an entity (SenterNovem) to follow the monitoring program Main topics addressed in the monitoring plan: The effects on birds The effects of noise (during construction and operation) on marine life The effects on marine life and the refuge function Visual impact, risks to shipping and morphological effects (interference with coastline morphology)

14. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646436. Post consenting requirements for MRE Questions for breakout groups discussion: What are the current post-consent monitoring requirements for different receptors? What post-consent methods are likely to be more/less appropriate for the purpose of profiling risk under environmental risk assessment approaches such as the SDM?