1. Lesson 4: Working with Disks and Devices MOAC 70-687: Configuring Windows 8.1

2. Overview Exam Objective 2.1: Configure devices and device drivers o Install, update, disable, and roll back drivers o Resolve driver issues o Configure driver settings, including signed and unsigned drivers o Manage driver packages © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2

3. Working with Devices and Drivers Lesson 4: Working with Disks and Devices © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.3

4. Device Drivers To communicate with the operating system running on the computer, each device requires a software element called a device driver. The device driver provides the operating system with information about a specific device. o The Properties sheet for a printer includes generic system information. o Other tabs, such as the Device Settings tab, are based on hardware-specific information provided by the device driver. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4

5. Device Drivers The Device Settings tab of a printer’s Properties sheet © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.5

6. Understanding Device Drivers A major part of the Windows 8.1 installation process consists of identifying the devices in the computer and installing the appropriate drivers for them. The Windows 8.1 installation package includes hundreds of drivers for many different devices, which is why many installations finish without any user intervention. Sometimes you have to supply device drivers yourself. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6

7. Understanding Driver Complexity Virtually every component in a PC requires a device driver. Device drivers vary greatly in complexity. Drivers for many standard computer devices operate virtually invisibly. Some drivers are more complex, like graphics adapters. o Are self-contained computers in themselves, with their own processors and memory © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7

8. Creating a Driver Update Policy Keeping up with the drivers for all devices can be difficult. Consider whether installing each driver update is necessary and safe. Test all driver updates before deploying them, especially in an enterprise environment. Avoid installing driver updates as soon as they are released. Wait at least a week or more for major issues to arise. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8

9. Understanding Driver Signing A signed driver is a device driver that includes a digital signature. The digital signature value is a protected checksum. A protected checksum is the value of an algorithmic function that is dependent on the contents of the data object and that is stored together with the data object. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9

10. Bypassing Digital Signature Requirements One of the design imperatives in Windows 8 is faster booting. Depending on system hardware, the interval during which a user can press the F8 key can be as small as 200 ms. Windows 8 has a different method for modifying the boot options. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 10

11. Access Advanced Boot Options The Recovery screen © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.11

12. Access Advanced Boot Options The Choose an option menu © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.12

13. Access Advanced Boot Options The Advanced options menu © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.13

14. Access Advanced Boot Options The Startup Settings menu © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.14

15. Working with Devices Most PCs use Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections for peripheral devices. Plug and Play is an integral part of the USB standard. When you connect a USB printer or other USB device to a computer running Windows 8, the system usually detects it, adds it to the Devices and Printers control panel, and installs the appropriate device driver for it. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 15

16. Working with Devices The Devices and Printers control panel © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.16

17. Working with Devices The Choose a device or a printer to add to this PC page © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.17

18. Supplying Drivers During Windows 8.1 Installation There are occasions when the installation program fails to identify a device. When this occurs, one of three things happens: o The installation program installs a generic driver instead. o The installation program leaves the device without a driver and completes the installation. o The installation program permits you to supply an alternate driver or, failing that, halts. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 18

19. Updating Drivers with Windows Update The Windows Update web site was originally designed to provide users with operating system updates, but it now includes a large library of device driver updates as well. If Windows 8.1 is configured to use automatic updating, the system will download device drivers only for hardware that does not have a driver installed. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 19

20. Managing Driver Packages The collection of all the software components needed for a device to be supported in Windows 8.1 is called a driver package. Apart from the driver files themselves, a driver package can include an installation program, such as a setup information (INF) file or a driver catalog (CAT) file. The package might also include property pages, install wizard pages, icons, utilities, and so on. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 20

21. Managing Driver Packages During the life of a Windows 8.1 installation, the system typically downloads and installs multiple versions of device driver packages over time. These multiple versions can occupy a lot of disk space needlessly. To locate and eliminate the outdated driver packages, you can run the Disk Cleanup application. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 21

22. Managing Driver Packages The Disk Cleanup application © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.22

23. Managing Driver Packages During a Windows 8.1 installation, the Setup program copies the files for all included driver packages and operating system components from the installation medium to a directory called WinSxS, the side-by-side component store. This enables you to add devices later and install their drivers without having to supply an installation medium. The drawback of this arrangement is that the WinSxS directory also occupies a significant amount of disk space. You cannot just delete this directory to reclaim the space because many of the files in the WinSxS folder are hardlinks mapped to locations in system folders, such as System32 and Program Files. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 23

24. Managing Driver Packages Fortunately, Windows 8.1 includes a new /AnalyzeComponentStore parameter for the Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool (DISM.exe) that enables you to analyze the Windows Component Store for driver packages and other files that can be deleted. To use this parameter, you run the following command from an elevated command prompt: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /AnalyzeComponentStore You can initiate a cleanup using the Disk Cleanup tool or the following command: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 24

25. Managing Driver Packages The Disk Cleanup application © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.25

26. Using Device Manager The primary Windows 8.1 tool for managing devices and their drivers is Device Manager. You can use Device Manager to get information about the devices installed in the computer, as well as install, update, and troubleshoot device drivers. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 26

27. Using Device Manager The Windows 8.1 Device Manager © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.27

28. Viewing Device Properties Device Manager is capable of displaying information in the following four modes: o Devices by type o Devices by connection o Resources by type o Resources by connection © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 28

29. Device Manager Properties Sheet Most devices have these tabs on their Properties sheet: o General o Driver o Details o Events o Resources © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 29

30. Viewing Device Properties A Device Manager Properties sheet © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.30

31. Enabling and Disabling Devices With Device Manager, you can disable any device in the computer, using any of the following procedures: o Select the device and then choose Disable from the Action menu o Right-click the device and then choose Disable from the context menu o Open the device’s Properties sheet and then click the Disable button on the Driver tab © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 31

32. Updating Drivers When you update a driver using Device Manager, you can point to a location on your computer where you have already saved the new driver, or you can run a search of your computer and the Internet. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 32

33. Update a Device Driver The How do you want to search for driver software? page © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.33

34. Update a Device Driver The Browse for driver software on your computer page © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.34

35. Rolling Back Drivers It is not uncommon for new drivers to cause more problems than they solve, and many users find that they would prefer to go back to the old version. Windows 8.1 makes this possible with the Roll Back feature, which you initiate by clicking the Roll Back Driver button on the Driver tab of the device’s Properties sheet. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 35

36. Troubleshooting Drivers To troubleshoot hardware or driver problems, consider some of the following techniques: Open the Properties sheet for the device and check the Device Status box on the General tab. If the device is malfunctioning, this tab informs you of its status and enables you to launch a troubleshooter. Open the Device Manager and delete the device entirely. Then restart the system and allow Windows 8 to detect and install the device over again. If the device or driver malfunction prevents the system from running properly, as in the case of a bad graphics driver that prevents an image from appearing on the screen, you can start the computer in Safe Mode by using the Advanced Boot Options procedure. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 36

37. Lesson Summary Device drivers are software components that enable applications and operating systems to communicate with specific hardware devices. Every hardware device you install in a computer must have a corresponding driver. Plug and Play is a standard that enables computers to detect and identify hardware devices, and then install and configure drivers for those devices. PnP dynamically assigns hardware resources to each device, and can reconfigure devices at will to accommodate each component’s special needs. The drivers included with Windows 8 have all been digitally signed to ensure that they have not been modified since they were published. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 37

38. Lesson Summary Device Manager is an MMC snap-in that lists all hardware devices in the computer and indicates problems with hardware identification or driver configuration. Using Device Manager, you can enable and disable devices, update and roll back drivers, and manage device and device driver properties. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 38

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