3. A black male gospel choir A white male student jazz band A black female soul singer A white male blues singer songwriter,

6. Look at some words about music from the passage. Do you know what they mean? breakdancing; disco; DJ; graffiti; hip hop; improvisation; microphone; percussion; pop; rap; record; reggae; rock; soul; turntable; vocals

7.  Hip hop is an American cultural movement which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, especially in a district called the Bronx. There are four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance and graffiti art plus two types of hip hop music — DJ-ing and rapping. Rapping is also known as MC-ing (coming from the term master of ceremonies). The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to. So they started repeating the percussion breaks. This is a technique used by DJs in Jamaica. There were a lot of Jamaicans in New York who brought the idea with them. At first, they played a lot of reggae. . Hip hopIt is a(n) 1.( ) which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, especially in the Bronx. It consists of breakdance,2.( )DJ-ing and 3.( ) The start When the DJs in Jamaica at block parties in the 1970s noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs, they started repeating 4.( ),and lots of Jamaicans in New York brought the idea with them. 1.American cultural movement 2.graffiti art 3.rapping 4.the percussion breaks

8. (a). local street: (b). the mic (microphone) controller: (c). when you can only hear the drummer: (d). a typical kind of music from the Caribbean: (e). when you play records for dancers: (f). an island in the Caribbean Sea: (g). fast dancing which can include spinning on your head: (h). paintings on walls, for example: (i). talking to a rhythmic music backing: (j). a combination of rhythm and blues, gospel music and pop : a. block b. DJ c. percussion d. Reggae e. DJ-ing f. Jamaica g. breakdancing h. graffiti i. rapping j. soul music

9. DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time, noticed that New York audiences didn't really like reggae music, so he started playing other kinds of music, including rock and disco music. The percussion breaks were usually short, but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables, side by side. Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played. Shouting DJs became known as MCs. And so the style of music known as Rap was born. At the beginning, MCs often performed for hours, repeating words and phrases and then improvising. Later, they experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches, using rhyming words, often words from African-American culture. At the same time, people started breakdancing at block parties. MC Dark Star remembers the first time he heard a rap singer. "The moment I heard it," he said, "I knew it was a completely new kind of music." At the beginningMCs often performed for hours, repeating 5.( ) and then improvising The breakthrough Some of the DJs began 6.( ) to a new special music invented by one of the most popular Jamaican DJs. 7.( ) was born and shouting DJs were called MCs. Later They experimented with 8.( ) using rhyming words. At the same time, people started break-dancing at block parties 5. words and phrases 6.Speaking and shouting 7. Rap 8.different vocal and rhythmic approaches

10.  Why did DJ Herc stop playing reggae music?  How did the DJs make the percussion breaks in the songs longer?  What were DJs who shouted during the songs called?  How long were the performances of the shouting DJs?  Apart from the DJs, what else happened at block parties?

11. There are two main reasons. Firstly, it's cheap and easy—you just need two turntables and a microphone. Anyone can be an MC, using songs which have already been recorded. Secondly, people were bored with the pop music of the day—disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid-1970s. However, disco music had a strong beat, and it was easy to dance to. Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco!. Reasons for its popularity There are two main reasons why hip hop was so successful. The first one is that 11.( ), and the second one is that people 12.( ) the pop music of the day. 11.it's cheap and easy 12.were bored with

12. The first time that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without the singing) in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later. The next generation of rappers recorded their vocals at the same time as the musicians. New York was the capital of hip hop during the 1980s, and the style was known as East Coast rap. The style soon spread to other parts of the United States. There were a lot of West Coast rappers based in California. In Miami, Florida, a new style developed, strongly influenced by Cuban and Puerto Rican music.. In the late 1980s, hip hop spread across the world, to Japan, India and many parts of Europe, especially France, Belgium and Italy. In England, a new music form emerged, called trip hop, a mixture of jazz, hip hop and electronic music (for example, music played on computers). The main styles of hip hop during the 1980 9.( ): in New York West Coast rap : in California A new style : in Miami, Florida Trip hop : 10.( ) 9.East Coast rap 10.In England

13. Hip hop It is a(n) 1.( ) which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, especially in the Bronx. It consists of breakdance,2.( ),DJ-ing and 3.( ) The start When the DJs in Jamaica at block parties in the 1970s noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs, they started repeating 4.( ), and lots of Jamaicans in New York brought the idea with them. The develop ment At the beginning MCs often performed for hours, repeating 5.( ) and then improvising The breakthrough Some of the DJs began 6.( ) to a new special music invented by one of the most popular Jamaican DJs. 7.( ) was born and shouting DJs were called MCs. Later They experimented with 8.( ) using rhyming words. At the same time, people started break- dancing at block parties The main styles of hip hop during the 1980 9.( ): in New York West Coast rap : in California A new style : in Miami, Florida Trip hop : 10.( ) Reasons for its populari ty There are two main reasons why hip hop was so successful. The first one is that 11.( ), and the second one is that people 12.( ) the pop music of the day. American cultural movement graffiti artrapping the percussion breaks words and phrases speaking and shouting Rap different vocal and rhythmic approaches East Coast rap in England it's cheap and easy were bored with

14. 1.Finish off workbook exercises 2.Read more about music after class