1. Part 2 The English Renaissance English and American Literature & Selected Readings ：魏晓红 : weixiaohonghd@163.com : 13931098970

2. Part 2 The English Renaissance Contents E. Spenser F. Bacon Drama Revision Part 2: English Renaissance

3. Part 2 The English Renaissance A Revision of Utopia How do you analyze Utopia? Discussion

4. Part 2 The English Renaissance Utopia 1. Its author: 6. Features: 2. The structure: 3. The main idea: 5. Major themes: 4. Major characters: Two parts: Utopia, Book One Utopia, Book Two written in the form of conversation a detailed description of the social condition of England. (2) a detailed presentation of an ideal communist society of Utopia. 1. More 2. Hythloday 3. Giles 4. Morton 5. Lawyer 6. Utopus 1.Ideal society versus corrupt society 2. Justice 3. Money 4. Happiness 5. Idealism versus political engagement 1.A faked writing in dialogue form 2. Realism 3. Irony 4. Symbol Back

5. Part 2 The English Renaissance The Flowering of English Literature Edmund Spenser ( 爱德蒙 · 斯宾赛 ) (1552—1599)

6. Part 2 The English Renaissance Edmund Spenser （ 1552—1599 ） Poet ’ s Poet “ 诗人的诗人 ” the Merchant Tailors ’ School With the conception of education: “ It is not a mind, not a body, that we have to educate, but a man; and we cannot divide him. ” Cambridge, classics, Italian poems, M.A. degree,

7. Part 2 The English Renaissance Edmund Spenser （ 1552—1599 ） 1. What is Spenser’s great contribution? 2. What are his major works? Spenserian Stanza

8. Part 2 The English Renaissance p.43; 《学习与实践》 p.24 A stanza consists of 9 lines = 8 iambic pentameter lines + 1 alexandrine iambic: 抑扬格，抑：弱，扬：强 pentameter : 五音步（ 10 个音节，其中 5 个重音节） alexandrine: 亚历山大六音步诗行（ 12 个音节抑扬诗歌） rhyme scheme: abab bcbc c Spenserian Stanza Literary Term ：斯宾塞诗节

9. Part 2 The English Renaissance Spenserian Stanza A gentle Knight was pricking on the plain ˛ `/˛ ` / ˛ ` / ˛ `/ ˛ ` As one for knightly giusts and fierce en counters fitt. ˛ `/ ˛ ` /˛ `/ ˛ `/ ˛ ` / ˛ `

10. Part 2 The English Renaissance Edmund Spenser’s Major Works in 1579, The Shepherd ’ s Calendar, 《牧人日历》 a pastoral poem in 12 books, one for each month of the year Epithalamion 《婚后曲》 a beautiful sonnet sequence (series) and marriage ode, to celebrate his successful love affair culminating in marriage The Faerie Queene 《仙后》

11. Part 2 The English Renaissance Faerie Queene Say something about Spenser’s masterpiece. Student’s Presentation

12. Part 2 The English Renaissance Faerie Queene 12 booksfeasts of 12 days 12 knights, 12 adventures only 6 finished 6 knights represent 6 virtues: Holiness( 神圣 ), Temperance( 节制 ), Chastity( 贞洁 ), Friendship, Justice and Courtesy( 礼节 ) 12 cantos

13. Part 2 The English Renaissance An Analysis of The Faerie Queene 4. Symbolism: 1. The author: 2. Verse form: 6. Major themes: 3. Major characters: Spenserian Stanza: a verse form of eight iambic pentameter lines and one alexandrine with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc. Arthur, Gloriana: Faerie Qu. Redcrosse Errour (Catholicism) Una (Protestantism) Guyon, Palmer (pilgrim) Florimell （ beauty ） Britomat 5. Allusion:

14. Part 2 The English Renaissance Characters Light & Darkness Animals Symbolism in The Faerie Queene

15. Part 2 The English Renaissance Faerie Queen Gloriana Elizabeth I The knights as a whole England The evil figures the enemies Symbolism in Characters 6 knights represent 6 virtues: Redcrosse: Holiness Guyon: Temperance Britomat: Chastity, Cambell: Friendship Artgall: Justice Calidore: Courtesy Errour: Roman Catholism Sansjoy: faithlessness Abessa: absence, lax attitude Trampart: trickster ( 骗子 ) Malbecco: evil goat ( 色鬼 ) Orgoglio: pride Duessa: duplicity ( 不忠 )

16. Part 2 The English Renaissance Symbolism in Darkness Dark settings often symbolize places in which evil exists. Errours’ Den, the dark cave the heroes first encounter on their adventures, provides a place in which the monstrous half-serpent can dwell.

17. Part 2 The English Renaissance Symbolism in Light and Darkness By using the symbolism of light and darkness, Spenser is able to convey a message of spiritual fulfillment and maturation through the fantastical journey his characters undertake. “ glistreth bright”, “burning starres”, “everliuing fire” Heaven

18. Part 2 The English Renaissance Symbolism in Animals Swine on which Gluttony rides : Crocodile: Lion: Seven deadly sins : 七大罪 Pride, Sloth 懒惰, Gluttony 贪吃, Lechery 色鬼, Avarice 贪婪, Envy, and Wrath) deadly sin standard figure of deceit the British crown

19. Part 2 The English Renaissance p. 43, the 4 th line from the bottom Many of the allusions in The Faerie Queene have lost their meaning to modern readers. Allusion 典故，引喻

20. Part 2 The English Renaissance Allusion ( 典故，引喻 ) e.g. Grammar may be his heel of Archilles. 语法是他最大的弱点。 (Greek mythology) In Faerie Queene: Malbecco: evil goat ( 色鬼 ), western myth Swine on which Gluttony rides, 7 sins

21. Part 2 The English Renaissance Allusion: example from religion Errours’ dark cave in which the monstrous half-serpent can dwell. Serpent 巨蛇, embodiment of Satan (enemy of God and human being) in Bible, who tempted Eve to eat the Apple

22. Part 2 The English Renaissance Alliteration, Allegory, Allusion, Symbol alliteration: allegory: symbol: allusion: symbolism: initial repeated consonants a pair of subjects (an image, a concept) only one subject (the image alone) no explicit identification, yet based on… the use of symbols in writing

23. Part 2 The English Renaissance The Themes in Faerie Queene p.42 1. Nationalism 2. Humanism 3. Puritanism 4. Harmony of life Harmony in poem: Modernism and medievalism are blended (mixed) and harmonized by the beauty of sound and of color in the Spenserian poetry. 生命的和谐构成该诗的主题。而生命的 和谐又具体体现在人与神，人与宇宙、 人与人的关系之中。 生命的和谐可以统一全诗的其他主题， 从而成为《仙后》的统一原则。

24. Part 2 The English Renaissance The Themes in Faerie Queene 5. Instruction in Virtue who the heroes and villains are what good behavior looks like an education in proper living for 16th Century England.

25. Part 2 The English Renaissance The Themes in Faerie Queene 6. Interdependence of the Virtues A whole person needs more virtures. For example, Redcrosse’s Holiness requires rescuing by Britomart’s Chastity, while Britomart’s Chastity seeks Justice to complete it in the social realm. (social reality)

26. Part 2 The English Renaissance The Themes in Faerie Queene 7. Duty and Responsibility Every heroic figure must perform his duty and accept the responsibility successfully to fight against a monster or demon. The Red Cross Knight must fight several demons and overcome despair, trying to rescue the King.

27. Part 2 The English Renaissance An Analysis of The Faerie Queene 4. Symbols 1. The author 2. Verse form 6. Major themes 3. Major characters Assignment Try to summarize the writing features Of The Faerie Queene after class. 5. Allusion

28. Part 2 The English Renaissance Spenser’s Position in English Literature Read Spenser’s position in English Literature (p. 43) and comment on Spenser. Pair Work

29. Part 2 The English Renaissance Key Points in Spenser’s Position 1. Spenser’s The shepherd’s Calendar marked the budding of the Renaissance. 2. Spenser is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poetic effusions( 抒发 ). The union of line and metre is more harmonious, more supple and richer than the works of his predecessor. ['pri:dises ]

30. Part 2 The English Renaissance Key Points in Spenser’s Position 3. One of the three great poets who wrote sonnets in Elizabethan Age: Edmund Spenser: Amoretti 《爱情小诗》, Epithalamion 《婚后曲》 (Philip Sidney: Astrophel and Stella 《阿斯特罗菲尔和斯黛拉》 William Shakespeare: Sonnets 《十四行诗》 )

31. Part 2 The English Renaissance Comments on Spenser He is one of greatest sonnet poets in Elizabethan time. He is a master, a musician and a great painter. The Spenserian Stanza he used in his poems does great influence on later writers. Back

32. Part 2 The English Renaissance Francis Bacon ( 弗兰西斯培根 1561—1626) 1.Who is Francis Bacon? 2.What is his masterpiece? Discussion & Appreciation

33. Part 2 The English Renaissance Comments on F. Bacon 1. a well-known lawyer, literary man and political figure; 2. the founder of English materialist philosophy; 3. the first English writer of a flexible, varied, precise and colloquial prose.

34. Part 2 The English Renaissance F. Bacon’s Literary Works 1. philosophy: Advancement of Learning 《学术的推进》 New Instrument 《新工具》 2. professional: Maxims of the Law 《法律格言》 3. essays: Essays 《随笔／培根论文集》

35. Part 2 The English Renaissance Bacon’s Representative Essays « 培根论文集 » “ Of Studies ”“ 论学习 ” “ Of Wisdom ”“ 论智慧 ” “ Of Death ” “ Of Friendship ” “ Of Travel ”, etc. Which is the most famous one?

36. Part 2 The English Renaissance Of Francis Bacon Famous Sayings 1. If a man be gracious （仁慈的） to strangers, it shows he is a citizen of the world. a citizen of the world, “ 世界公民 ” ：主张公正、 倡导和平、乐意助人、身体力行的人

37. Part 2 The English Renaissance Of Francis Bacon Famous Sayings 3. The remedy is worse than the disease. 医治不得法，不如不医治. 4. Cure the disease and kill the patient. 治好了病，治死了人。治了病， 治不了命。

38. Part 2 The English Renaissance Of Francis Bacon Famous Sayings 5. A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. 聪明人自己创造的机会比找到的机 会多。 6. Knowledge is power. Find more Opportunities 知识就是力量。 —— 培根

39. Part 2 The English Renaissance Of Francis Bacon Famous Sayings 7. Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested. =Some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly. 一些书可以品尝，另外一些书可以吞食，少数的 一些书可以咀嚼、消化。

40. Part 2 The English Renaissance Of Francis Bacon Famous Sayings 8. Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle, natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. （读史使人明智 ；读诗使人聪慧 ； 数学使人周密 ；哲理使人深刻 ；伦理使人庄重 ； 逻辑与修辞使人善辩。 ） Reading makes a full man, conversation a ready man, writing an exact man. 读书使人渊博，交谈 / 讨论使人敏捷，写作使人严谨。

41. Part 2 The English Renaissance Bacon’s Writing Style Bacon ’ s essay: precision clearness, brevity, force of expression Bacon ’ s sentences: short, pointed, incisive, and often of balanced structure old sayings four prominent qualities: preciseness, directness, tenseness and forcefulness 简短；尖锐； 切入；平行。 Back

42. Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama 1. How many kinds of drama? 2. What are the representative works of these drama? 3. What are the contribution of the “university wits”? Pair Work

43. Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama 1. Miracle Plays 奇迹剧 2. Morality Plays 道德剧 3. Mystery Plays 神秘剧 4. Interludes 幕间表演 5. Classical dramas 古典剧 Forms of Drama

44. Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama: Miracle Plays 1. The Shepherds written in the 14th century, reflects the condition of English peasants who were ground down by heavy taxes and by the oppression of the gentry The Second Shepherds' Play, Everyman, and Other Early Plays

45. Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama: Moral Plays Everyman is a morality play, an allegorical drama that teaches a lesson about how Christians should live and what a person must do to save his soul. A morality play was, in effect, a sermon that was acted out.

46. Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama: Mystery Plays The York Cycle (York Mystery Plays) (start the performance in the 14th century) contained 48 short plays and took approximately 14 hours to perform. The last known medieval performance of the York Cycle was in 1569.

47. Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 The Interlude What is the purpose of “Interlude”? To enliven (cheer up) the audience after a solemn (serious) scene. The interesting interlude is ________________________. Beg the weather to allow the boy to catch birds and throw snowballs. The Play of the Weather

48. Part 2 The English Renaissance The Classical Drama 3. English comedies and tragedies on classical models appeared in the middle of the _____ century. 4. The first English comedy is _______________________. 16th Gammer Gurton ’ s Needle 《葛顿大娘的缝衣针》

49. Part 2 The English Renaissance The Classical Drama 5. The first English tragedy is ______________________. 6. Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays paved the way for the flourishing of ______. Gorboduc 《高波特克》 drama

50. Part 2 The English Renaissance London Theatre 1.London Theatre 2.Its Audience 3.Its Playwrights Pair Work

51. Part 2 The English Renaissance London Theatre and Its Audience

52. Part 2 The English Renaissance Men of letters( 文人, 作家 ) “ university wits ” “ 大学才子 ” writing between 1587 — 1593 Lyly 黎里 Peele 皮尔 Marlowe 马洛 Greene 格林 Lodge 洛奇 Nash 纳石 The Playwrights

53. Part 2 The English Renaissance humble birth paid wage-laborers hard-to-mouth existence looked down suspected sad end in life impecunious 贫穷的 industrious 勤奋的 large part of the repertoire 全部剧目 for Elizabethan stage University Wits

54. Part 2 The English Renaissance Assignments 1.Literary Terms: 1) humanism, 2) Spenserian Stanza, 3) allegory 4) allusion 2. Summary: Writing features of More and Spenser

55. Part 2 The English Renaissance Assignments 3. Pre-Reading ： 1) 《实践》 p.28-30, pp.74-8. 2) 《简史》 Marlowe, Shakespeare

56. Part 2 The English Renaissance Goodbye.