1. Maps Topographic Maps Latitude & Longitude Latitude & Longitude

2. Topographic Maps

3. Topographic maps show 3-dimensional landforms on a flat surface

4. Terms to Know Contour Line- a line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation Contour Intervals- the distance between two side-by-side contour lines

5. Hachures Hachures are lines perpendicular to contour lines. Hachures indicate basins or depressions such as craters

6. Index Contours Index contours are contour lines that have the elevations on them.

7. Finding Contour Intervals In order to find the contour interval, you must subtract the lower contour line from the higher contour line. Then you divide the difference by the number of contour intervals between the contour lines.

8. Relief In order to find the relief, you must subtract the lowest elevation from the highest elevation. In the example below, the highest elevation is 514 feet. The lowest elevation is 456 feet. 514-456=58

9. Rules for Contour Maps 1. Contour lines never intersect Why can contour lines never cross one another? Hint- think of the definition of a contour line

10. Rules (cont…) Answer: One place cannot have 2 different elevations

11. Rules 2. Contour lines close around hills and basins or depressions

12. Rules (cont…) 3. Contour lines form V’s that point upstream when they cross a stream; Streams flow downstream

13. Latitude &Longitude

14. Latitude Lines of latitude run across. Latitude tells you how far you are from the equator. If you are above the equator, it is expressed as degrees north. (°N) If you are below the equator, it is expressed as degrees south. (°S) Examples: 20°N, 30°S, 45°S Latitude is expressed first

15. Longitude Lines of longitude run up and down Longitude tells how far you are from the prime meridian If you are left of the prime meridian, it is expressed as degrees west (°W) If you are right of the prime meridian, it is expressed as degrees east (°E) Examples: 10°E, 20°W, 50°E

16. Latitude & Longitude Latitude is written first Longitude follows latitude Examples: 25°N, 30°W 10°S, 45°E 10°S, 45°E

17. Latitude & Longitude