2. 1. What role do lighthouses play? 2. Why do lighthouses have designs on them? 3. Where do you think the first lighthouse was created?

3.  Lighthouses have traditionally assisted ships traveling along the coast at night to find their way.  Lighthouses have also assisted lost travelers in finding their way to shore.

4.  ​ They are all painted ​ to stand out against the cliffs and sea that surround ​ them. ​  Some are painted black and white; some are painted ​ with spiraling stripes. ​  Lighthouses that are near to each other that are similar in shape are ​ often painted in a unique pattern so they can easily be ​ recognized during the daylight.

5.  The first known lighthouse was built in Ancient Egypt ​ over 2000 years ago and it was called “The lighthouse ​ of Alexandria”. ​​  It was in an Island called Pharos.

6.  The coast of North Carolina is a chain of barrier islands known as “The Outer Banks”.  Several of America's tallest and best known lighthouses were built to warn ships away from this dangerous coast.

7.  A Cape is a landform which sticks out into a sea, ocean, lake or river.  North Carolina’s three great capes are Cape Fear, Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras.  Under the water off these capes are dangerous shoals which have caused over 2000 ships to sink off our coast.  Due to these sunken ships, the area around Cape Hatteras has earned its name as “The Graveyard of the Atlantic”. Cape Fear Cape Lookout Cape Hatteras

9.  Stands 162 feet tall and has a total of 214 steps.  Light is still operational and visible for 19 miles.  Built in 1875, the Currituck Lighthouse was the last brick lighthouse to be built on the Outer Banks to fill a forty mile stretch of darkness between Cape Henry, VA and Cape Hatteras, NC.

10.  Bodie Island was originally named after the family who owned the land.  Folklore often pronounced the name as ‘body’ island instead, as a result of the many shipwrecked bodies that washed ashore on the island.  Rising 165 feet and painted with striking black and white stripes.

11.  Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is the tallest in the nation and a famous symbol of North Carolina.  Its design of black and white spiral stripes has earned it the nickname as the “Big Barber Pole”.  In the summer of 1999, as the ever-encroaching waters of the Atlantic Ocean threaten the structure, the Cape Hatteras Light was moved from its original location.  Still in working operation, the light at the top is automated and visible every 7.5 seconds and in good visibility conditions, the beacon can often be seen for 20 miles.

12.  The Ocracoke Lighthouse is North Carolina’s oldest operating lighthouse and the second oldest in the nation.  At seventy-five feet, it is the shortest lighthouse on the North Carolina Coast and can be only be seen for 14 miles.  By 1718, Blackbeard had come to regard Ocracoke as his favorite anchorage. He even reportedly had a house on the island, which he intended to use as a sort of pirate haven.

13.  The Cape Lookout Lighthouse is a 163-foot high.  It flashes every 15 seconds and is visible at least 12 miles out to sea.  The Cape Lookout Light is one of the very few lighthouses that operate during the day.  The Cape Lookout Lighthouse is the only such structure in the United States to bear the checkered daymark, which is the diamond pattern.  This diamond pattern is to tell the difference between the lighthouses and also to show direction. The side points of the black diamonds point in a north-south direction, while the side points of the white diamonds point east-west.

14.  There are no spiral staircase in this lighthouse, but instead a series of ships ladders with a total of 131 steps to the lantern gallery level.  Built in 1958, it is one of the most recent lighthouses built on American shores.  There are three bands of color on the lighthouse made with different colors of cement, so the lighthouse never needs painting.

15.  Called “Old Baldy”  Built in 1817, It is the oldest standing lighthouse in North Carolina  The octagonal tower is constructed of brick and painted with plaster on the exterior. The ground floor is made of brick, while the remaining floor joist and the stairs are made from North Carolina Yellow Pine.  Marks the mouth of the historic Cape Fear River.

17. Key Term: Landscape- the visible features of land. Physical: Mountains, hills, trees Water bodies Land cover Human made structures Weather conditions

18.  Artists began depicting landscapes in earnest when industrialization changed landscapes with pollution and sprawl (1800’s-Industrial Revolution).

19. 1. How were landscapes traditionally painted?

20.  Realistically depict features from studies outside.  Painted in a studio. WIVENHOE PARK, JOHN CONSTABLE 1816

21.  Group of artists in France wanted to start a new, radical style of art.  Paint tubes allowed them to paint outside.  Railways made travel around countryside easy.  Invention of cameras made realism unnecessary.

23.  Works considered “cutting edge”  Shocking to public  Criticized as bad Artists  By 1900’s widely accepted style  Inspired many new ideas in Art

24. Key Term: Georges Seurat- French painter who his life studying color and color theory. Invented a style of painting known as Pointillism. (1859-1891)

25. Key Term: Pointillism- a technique of neo-impressionist painting using tiny dots of various pure colors, which become blended in the viewer's eye. It was developed by Georges Seurat with the aim of producing a greater degree of luminosity and brilliance of color.

27.  Georges Seurat believed art could be approached scientifically.  He relied on the rules of optics to make his art look alive and colorful.

28.  Other artists alive during Seurat’s time physically mixed painted on the canvas or pallet.  This method makes colors look dull.

29.  Seurat applied tiny “points” of pure color to his canvas, relying upon the observer’s eye to mix the colors.  When two colors are right next to each other your eye mixes them in a process called “optical mixing”.

30. Key Term: Optical Color Mixture- The tendency of the eyes to blend patches of individual colors placed near one another so as to perceive a different, combined color.

32. Video- Georges Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte - 1884-86